:Officine Meccaniche

{{Infobox company

| name = Officine Meccaniche

| logo =

| foundation = 1899

| defunct = 1975

| fate = absorbed (as part of Fiat) into Iveco

| location = Milan, Italy (HQ)
Brescia, Italy (Automotive)

| industry = Automotive

| key_people =

| products = Automobiles (Brescia; 1918–1934)
Railroad locomotives and equipment (Milan)
Commercial Vehicles (Brescia; 1925–1975)

| parent =

}}

File:OM-Officine-Meccaniche-Milano.jpg

File:OM-Officine-Meccaniche-Milano-Logo.jpg

File:Officine Meccaniche 1930.jpg

File:OM Superba 665 1929 orange vr TCE.jpg

File:OM 120 bucket truck.jpg

Officine Meccaniche or OM was an Italian car and truck manufacturing company. It was founded in 1899 in Milan as Società Anonima Officine Meccaniche to manufacture railway rolling stock and car production began in 1918.{{Cite book |last=Piccinelli |first=Ferdinando |url=http://archive.org/details/lesocietindustr00piccgoog |title=Le società industriali italiane per azioni |date=1902 |publisher= Ulrico Hoepli | location = Milan | via = University of California |page=229}} It disappeared as such in 1975, subsumed into Iveco, but still exists as a forklift builder.

Origins

The inception of the company resulted from the merger of two companies, Grondona Comi & C and Miani Silvestri & C in 1899.{{Cite web |title = Locomotiva a Vapore Gruppo 740 FS | work = Museo Nazionale dei Trasporti | location = La Spezia | url = http://www.museonazionaletrasporti.it/MEZZI/740/MEZZI_a_vapore_740_storia.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230620111405/http://www.museonazionaletrasporti.it/MEZZI/740/MEZZI_a_vapore_740_storia.htm | archive-date=2023-06-20 }} Originally, OM manufactured railway stock. Car production started in 1918, using the plant of the former Brixia-Zust (Brixia-Züst), just after OM took over Zust car company of Brescia, Northern Italy. The first OM car, the Tipo S305, was derived from an old Zust model. It appeared in 1918, fitted with a {{convert|4712|cc|cuin|adj=on}} inline four-cylinder, side-valve engine.

The OM cars era

Further models were the Tipo 465, with a {{cvt|1327|cc|cuin}}, in 1919, joined by the Tipo 467 ({{cvt|1410|cc|cuin|disp=or}}) and Tipo 469 ({{cvt|1496|cc|cuin|disp=or}}) in 1921. The model names reflected the number of cylinders (4) and the bore of the engines: {{cvt|65|,|67|or|69|mm|in|2}}. 1923 saw a new model, with an engine derived from the earlier four-cylinder models, the Tipo 665 'Superba' with a {{convert|2|L|cuin|adj=on}} six-cylinder engine. This model was extremely successful in racing, winning top five positions in the {{convert|2|L|cuin|adj=on}} class in 1925 and 1926 at the Le Mans but its greatest achievement was the victory in the first Mille Miglia race in 1927 where Ferdinando Minoia and Giuseppe Morandi led home an OM '1-2-3' finish at an average speed of {{convert|48.27|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on|order=flip}} for 21 hours 4 minutes 48 seconds. Some cars were equipped with Roots superchargers, while later models were bored and stroked to 2.2 and 2.4 litres - without changing the model name, however.

In 1925 OM began to build trucks and buses, using licensed Swiss Saurer engines and other mechanical components. Ties with Saurer persisted through all of OM's history. Passenger car production began to taper off, with some sources stating that production ended in 1932, with existing stocks sold for another couple of years. In total, 7,500 OM automobiles were built in about fifteen years.{{cite news | newspaper = GardaPost | location = Brescia, Italy | url = https://www.gardapost.it/2017/04/05/the-racing-car-mille-miglia-e-o-m-in-mostra/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220807195706/https://www.gardapost.it/2017/04/05/the-racing-car-mille-miglia-e-o-m-in-mostra/ | archive-date = 2022-08-07 | title = The Racing Car: Mille Miglia e O.M. in mostra | trans-title = Mille Miglia an O.M. on show | language = it | date = 2017-04-05 | first = Attilio | last = Facconi }} After passenger car had effectively ended, OM still displayed one last model: in 1934 the OMV, also called the Alcyone made the car show circuit. Equipped with hydraulic brakes, a full synchromesh transmission, and an engine with overhead exhaust valves, it never reached production.{{cite web | url = https://www.prewarcar.com/cars/prunel/o-m-1 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240531030232/https://www.prewarcar.com/cars/prunel/o-m-1 | archive-date = 2024-05-31 | title = Classic O.M., Prunel for sale | work = PreWarCar.Com }}

Fiat take-over and post-war years

OM was taken over by Fiat in 1933 and the following year passenger car sales definitely ceased; OM became strictly a commercial vehicle and train parts manufacturer.

The main new product in the post World War II era was the Leoncino (1950) a light truck in the {{convert|3.0|to|3.5|tonne|ST}} range, which was an immediate success. It became the forefather of several series of heavier but structurally similar models, namely Tigrotto, Tigre, Lupetto, Cerbiatto and Daino, launched between 1957 and 1964. Bus chassis versions of several of these models were also available. After having been subsumed into Fiat, the lighter models were replaced by the {{ill|OM numerical range|it|OM serie numerica}} beginning in 1967.

OM also built a heavier range of trucks, starting with the post-war Orione. This was succeeded by the Super Orione in 1955 and by the {{ill|OM Titano|lt=Titano|it}} in 1961. The latter was capable of pulling {{convert|35|tonne|ST}} as a tractor or {{convert|19|tonne|ST}} on the 6x4 truck chassis. Its {{cvt|10310|cc|cuin|0}}, six-cylinder turbo-diesel engine produced {{cvt|260|hp-metric|kW|0}}, making it the most powerful road-going European truck in the early 1960s.{{cite journal | journal = Le poids lourd: Spécial Salon | editor-first = Norbert-Louis | editor-last = Erpelding | title = Les véhicules industriels et autocars O.M. | trans-title = O.M. industrial vehicles and buses | language = fr | page = 143 | date = October 1964 | volume = 49 | number = 592 }} The Titano was discontinued in 1968 and effectively replaced by Fiat's heavier trucks, the Fiat 619 and the {{ill|Fiat 682|it}}. As with the lighter duty models, bus versions were also available of the Titano, called the "Titano P."

In the 60s and 70s the light and medium-weight OM truck ranges were sold in Switzerland as Saurer-OM or Berna-OM, in Austria as Steyr-OM, in France as Unic-OM, and in Germany as Büssing-OM.

The end of OM

In 1968 OM was definitively merged into Fiat as a brand belonging to the Commercial Vehicles division, which also included Fiat and Unic. In 1975 it was absorbed into Iveco and the OM brand gradually disappeared from the truck and bus markets, although it still survives as an independent forklift manufacturer.