:Osamu Hayaishi

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Osamu Hayaishi

| native_name = 早石修

| native_name_lang = ja

| image = Osamu_Hayaishi.jpg

| image_size =

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| caption =

|birth_date = {{Birth date|1920|1|8}}

|birth_place = Stockton, California, USA

|death_date ={{Death date and age|2015|12|17|1920|1|8|mf=yes}}

| death_place = Kyoto, Japan

| residence =

| citizenship =

| nationality = Japanese

| fields = Biochemistry
Physiology

| workplaces = Osaka Bioscience Institute
Osaka Medical College
Kyoto University
Vanderbilt University
University of Tokyo
Osaka University
Washington University in St. Louis
National Institutes of Health

| alma_mater = Osaka University

| doctoral_students = Yasutomi Nishizuka
Tasuku Honjo
Shigetada Nakanishi

| notable_students =

| known_for = Oxygenases
Prostaglandin

| author_abbrev_bot =

| author_abbrev_zoo =

| influences =

| influenced =

| awards = Japan Academy Prize {{small|(1967)}}
Order of Culture {{small|(1972)}}
Wolf Prize {{small|(1986)}}

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{{nihongo|Osamu Hayaishi MJA |早石修|Hayaishi Osamu|January 8, 1920 – December 17, 2015}}, was a Japanese biochemist, physiologist, and military physician.{{cite web|script-title=ja:京大名誉教授の早石修さん死去「酸素添加酵素」を発見|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASHDM432NHDMPLBJ002.html|publisher=Asahi|access-date=19 December 2015|language=ja}} He discovered Oxygenases at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health in 1955.{{Cite journal

| year = 1955

| last1 = Hayaishi

| first1 = O

| title = Mechanism of the Pyrocatechase Reaction

| journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society

| volume = 77

| issue = 20

| pages = 5450–1

| last2 = Katagiri

| first2 = M

| last3 = Rothberg

| first3 = S

| doi=10.1021/ja01625a095

}}

Citing his "outstanding and pioneering contributions to biomedical sciences and enzymology," the Wolf Foundation awarded Hayaishi the 1986 Wolf Prize in Medicine "for his discovery of the oxygenase enzymes and elucidation of their structure and biological importance".{{cite web|title=The 1986 Wolf Foundation Prize in Medicine|url=http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=495&language=eng|publisher=Wolf Foundation|access-date=May 12, 2014}}[http://www.wolffund.org.il/cat.asp?id=24&cat_title=MEDICINE The Wolf Prize in Medicine] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226015735/http://www.wolffund.org.il/cat.asp?id=24&cat_title=MEDICINE |date=February 26, 2009 }}

Hayaishi was President of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from 1973 to 1976.{{cite journal

| last1 = Hayaishi

| first1 = O

| title = Memoirs of a biochemist

| journal = IUBMB Life

| volume = 58

| issue = 5–6

| year = 2006

| pages = 242–5

| issn=1521-6543

| doi=10.1080/15216540600702271| pmid = 16754304

| s2cid = 36815233

| doi-access = free

}}

Biography

Hayaishi was born in Stockton, California, United States, in 1920. He completed his medical degree in 1942 from Osaka University. After serving as a medical officer in the Japanese Navy for three years, he joined the Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1949.

After working with Arthur Kornberg at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health and Washington University in St. Louis, Hayaishi served as a research group leader or a professor at various research institutions in the US and Japan including Kyoto University, and led approximately 600 graduate students in his life including Yasutomi Nishizuka; Tasuku Honjo, the 2018 Nobel laureate in medicine or physiology; and Shigetada Nakanishi. More than 100 of his pupils became professors at various universities in Japan.[http://www.brh.co.jp/s_library/j_site/scientistweb/no28/index.html "運・鈍・根　酸素添加酵素と睡眠" Biography of Osamu Hayaishi]{{in lang|ja}}

Research

Hayaishi, along with group members, is recognized for his great contributions to biomedical sciences and enzymology, especially the discovery of Oxygenases group of enzymes. These enzymes are widely distributed in nature and represent a unique group of respiratory enzymes that catalyze the direct incorporation of molecular oxygen into various substrates.

Hayaishi is also known for his discovery of the sleep-inducing action of Prostaglandin D2.{{Cite journal

| pmid = 16754308

| year = 2006

| last1 = Urade

| first1 = Y

| title = Twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of somnogenic activity of prostaglandin D2: sleep research directed by Osamu Hayaishi

| journal = IUBMB Life

| volume = 58

| issue = 5–6

| pages = 254–6

| doi = 10.1080/15216540600756038

| s2cid = 36695179

| doi-access = free

}}

Recognition

Hayaishi was awarded several honors, including the Asahi Prize (1964), the Japan Academy Prize (1967), the Order of Culture (1972), the Louis and Bert Freedman Foundation Award from the New York Academy of Sciences (1976), the Wolf Prize in Medicine (1986), and the Distinguished Scientist Award of the World Federation of Sleep Research Societies (1999).

He was also elected as a foreign member of several academies, as well as a member of the Japan Academy (MJA) in 1974.

In 1984, he was made an honorary citizen of Kyoto.

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20070211023701/http://www.wolffund.org.il/full.asp?id=90 The Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1986 (detail)]
[https://archive.today/20070730180256/http://www.iubmb.unibe.ch/index.php?id=171 A Profile of Osamu Hayaishi]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20071030203054/http://www.obi.or.jp/Dr.Hayaishi-H.P/Dr.Hayaishi-E/Profile-E.html Hayaishi's profile]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20071030203004/http://www.obi.or.jp/Dr.Hayaishi-H.P/Dr.Hayaishi-E/historyE.html Hayaishi Research history]

Category:1920 births

Category:2015 deaths

Category:20th-century Japanese physicians

Category:21st-century Japanese physicians

Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences

Category:Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy

Category:20th-century Japanese biochemists

Category:Japanese military doctors

Category:Japanese physiologists

Category:Academic staff of Kyoto University

Category:Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina

Category:Members of the Japan Academy