:Paper Clips Project

In 1998, Linda M. Hooper, principal of Whitwell Middle School in Whitwell, Tennessee, asked Assistant Principal David Smith to find a voluntary after-school project to teach the children about tolerance. David Smith and Sandra Roberts started a Holocaust education program and held the first class in the fall of 1998. Soon the students were overwhelmed with the massive scale of the Holocaust and asked Mrs. Hooper if they could collect something to represent the lives that were exterminated during the Holocaust. Mrs. Hooper responded that they could if they could find something that related to the Holocaust or to World War II. Through Internet research, David Smith discovered that Norwegians wore paperclips on their lapels during World War II as a silent protest against Nazi occupation. The students decided to collect 6,000,000 paper clips to represent the estimated 6,000,000 Jews killed between 1939 and 1945 under the authority of the Nazi government of Adolf Hitler.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}

Paper clips were chosen in part because Norwegians wore them on their lapels as a symbol of resistance against Nazi occupation during World War II.{{Cite news |url=https://www.newstalk.com/moncrieff/moncrieff-when-paperclips-were-used-to-fight-the-nazis-669541 |title=Moncrieff: When paperclips were used to fight the Nazis |date=February 19, 2015 |work=Newstalk |access-date=March 6, 2019 }} The clips were meant to denote solidarity and unity ("we are bound together"); in Norwegian, paper clips are called binders.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONSGUqI9N0YC&pg=PA71 |title=Folklore Fights the Nazis: Humor in Occupied Norway, 1940–1945 |last=Stokker |first=Kathleen |date=February 1, 1997 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |isbn=9780299154431 |pages=71 }}

The Children's Holocaust Memorial consists of an authentic German transport car (which arrived in the Baltimore seaport on September 9, 2001) surrounded by a small garden. The railcar is filled with 11 million paper clips (6 million for murdered Jews and 5 million for Roma, Catholics, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other groups). The monument was unveiled on the anniversary of the Kristallnacht, November 9, 2001.{{cite web

|url=http://www.whitwellmiddleschool.org/?PageName=bc&n=69260

|title=Whitwell Middle School

|access-date=17 Jul 2013}}{{cite web

|url=http://www.oneclipatatime.org/

|title=The Paper Clips Project

|access-date=17 Jul 2013}}

{{Main|Paper Clips (film)}}

The 2004 documentary film Paper Clips was directed by Elliot Berlin and Joe Fab. It was made to describe the project and highlight what was done.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• List of Holocaust films
• Whitwell, Tennessee
• Rome Film Festival
• [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0380615/ Paper Clips (2004) on IMDb]

• Magilow, Daniel H. (2007). "Counting to Six Million: Collecting Projects and Holocaust Memorialization", Jewish Social Studies, Volume 14, Number 1, pp. 23–39.
• Schroeder, Peter W. & Schroeder-Hildebrand, Dagmar (2000). Das Büroklammer-Projekt: Schuler schaffen ein Holocaust-Mahnmal. Elefanten Press. {{ISBN|3-570-14607-3}}.
• Schroeder, Peter W. & Schroeder-Hildebrand, Dagmar (2004). Six Million Paper Clips: The Making of A Children's Holocaust Memorial. Kar-Ben Publishing. {{ISBN|1-58013-169-7}}.

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.paperclipsmovie.com/ Official movie website]
• [https://www.flickr.com/photos/gnumatt/sets/38059/ Flickr page with photos of the memorial]
• [http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/6461.html Washingtonian article]
• {{IMDb title|qid=Q16962611|id=tt0380615|title=Paper Clips}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705043505/http://www.jewishaz.com/jewishnews/050204/paper.shtml "Das Büroklammer-Projekt"] ("The Paper Clip Project") in German
• [https://movies.yahoo.com/mv/mf/frame?theme=minfo&lid=wmv-56-p.1283709-131949,wmv-100-p.1283710-131949,wmv-300-p.1283711-131949,wmv-28-p.1283709-131949&id=1808554126&f=1808554126&mspid=1808592004&type=t Theatrical trailer of Paper Clips]

Category:Holocaust commemoration

Category:Marion County, Tennessee

Category:Education in Tennessee

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Tennessee

Category:Children in the Holocaust