:Protests in South Africa

During the 2004–05 financial year, about 6,000 protests were officially recorded, an unknown number of protests went unrecorded, and about 1,000 protests were illegally banned. This meant that at least 15 protests were taking place each day in South Africa at this time.{{cite news|url=http://www.fxi.org.za/content/view/83/|title=Amandla! Protest in the New South Africa|publisher=FXI|access-date=2 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720213148/http://www.fxi.org.za/content/view/83/|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=usurped}}[http://www.abahlali.org/node/4719 Sekwanele! – Social Movement Struggles for Land and Housing in Post-Apartheid South Africa], by Toussaint Losier, Left Turn Magazine, 2010 However the number of protests has escalated dramatically since then and Business Day reports that "2009 and 2010 together account for about two-thirds of all protests since 2004".[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=134756 Are fiery street protests replacing the vote?], Karen Heese and Kevin Allan, Business Day There was a dramatic surge in protests shortly after Jacob Zuma first took office and the number of protests was ten times higher in 2009 than in 2004 and even higher in 2010.Municipal Hotspots Monitor research as reported in the City Press newspaper, 20 February 2011 The number of protests reached an all-time high in 2010–2011 and then a further all time post-apartheid peak in July 2012[http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/1388 South African Television's Accumulation by Dispossession], Jane Duncan, SACSIS, 7 August 2012 with more protests occurring in the Western Cape than in any other province[http://www.oryxmedia.co.za/places/western-cape-is-protest-capital-of-sa Western Cape is protest capital of SA], Oryx Media, 2012. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723000954/http://www.oryxmedia.co.za/places/western-cape-is-protest-capital-of-sa |date=23 July 2012 }}. and just under half of all protests occurring in shack settlements.{{cite news| url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/08/07/mangaung-anc-link-to-new-wave-of-protests | title=Mangaung ANC 'link' to new wave of protests | first=Natasha | last=Marrian | newspaper=Business Day | date= 7 August 2012}} In early 2013 it was reported that popular protest had reached its highest rate since the end of apartheid in 1994.[http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2013/01/17/steep-increase-in-service-protests ‘Steep increase’ in service protests], by SETUMO STONE, Business Day, 17 JANUARY 2013 In early 2013 it was argued that there have been as many as 3,000 protests in the last four years.[http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/SA-has-a-protest-every-two-days-20130121 http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/SA-has-a-protest-every-two-days-20130121], Athandiwe Saba and Jeanne van der Merwe, News 24

Between 1997 and 2013 most protests were related to labour issues or crime and were only very rarely disorderly. In 2013 the overall number of protests decreased but the rate of disorderly protests increase dramatically. Notable South African journalist Phillip de Wet estimated that nine out of eleven protests were peaceful.{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-06-07-new-stats-show-that-nine-out-of-11-protests-a-day-are-peaceful/|title=New stats show that nine out of 11 protests a day are peaceful|last=Wet|first=Phillip de|date=8 June 2016|website=The M&G Online|language=en|access-date=2019-04-22}}

In the first five months of 2018 a total of 144 service delivery protests were recorded with the Eastern Cape, followed by Gauteng and the Western Cape provinces having the most protests.{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/144-service-delivery-protests-recorded-in-2018-so-far-15961274|title=144 service delivery protests recorded in 2018 so far {{!}} IOL News|last=Makhafola|first=Getrude|date=11 July 2018|website=iol.co.za|language=en|access-date=2019-04-22}}

File:The Poor People's Alliance Outside the Constitutional Court 14 May 2009.jpg protest in 2009]]

There has been a major wave of popular protests since 2004.[http://www.amandlapublishers.co.za/home-menu-item/308-rebellion-of-the-poor-south-africas-service-delivery-protests-a-preliminary-analysis Rebellion of the poor: South Africa’s service delivery protests – a preliminary analysis], Peter Alexander, Amandla Magazine, 2010[http://www.thedailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2011-05-06-rebellions-of-the-poor-by-the-poor-for-the-poor Rebellions of the poor, by the poor, for the poor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509023308/http://www.thedailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2011-05-06-rebellions-of-the-poor-by-the-poor-for-the-poor |date=9 May 2011 }}, Khadija Patel, The Daily Maverick, May 2011 Just under 40% of all protests take place in shack settlements. There has been a significant degree of repression of popular protests.[https://www.ru.ac.za/documents/Politics/Duncan_Dissent_Under_Zuma%5B1%5D.doc Dissent Under Jacob Zuma]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Jane Duncan, May 2011[https://www.ru.ac.za/documents/Politics/Duncan_Dissent_Under_Mbeki%5B1%5D.doc Dissent Under Thabo Mbeki]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Jane Duncan, May 2011{{cite web|url=http://sabarometerblog.wordpress.com/archive/volume-eight-2010/political-tolerance-on-the-wane-in-south-africa/ |title=Political tolerance on the wane in South Africa|first= Imraan|last= Buccus|publisher= University of KwaZulu-Natal|website=SA Reconciliation Barometer|date= 2011}}

These protests are usually referred to as "service delivery protests" in the media but although there is evidence of growing unhappiness with service delivery,{{cite web|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=142645 |title=Dismay over service delivery growing, survey shows|first=Chantelle|last=Benjamin|website=Business Day|date= 13 May 2011}} most analysts argue that this description is overly narrow and misleading.{{cite web|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=76611 |title=Burning message to the state in the fire of poor's rebellion|first= Richard |last=Pithouse|website=Business Day|date=23 July 2009}}[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=77115 People are demanding public service, not service delivery], Steven Friedman, Business Day, 2009[http://www.dispatch.co.za/news/article/496 The Service Delivery Myth], Richard Pithouse, The Daily Dispatch, 2011[http://www.ru.ac.za/politics/events/seminarseries "We are Gauteng People" Challenging the politics of xenophobia in Khutsong, South Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100802111842/http://www.ru.ac.za/politics/events/seminarseries |date=2 August 2010 }}, Seminar Presentation, Joshua Kirshner, 23 February 2011, Rhodes University A number of poor people's movements have insisted that their protests should not be referred to as "service delivery protests".{{cite web|url=http://libcom.org/library/living-learning|title=Living Learning|access-date=13 April 2017}}[http://socialistresistance.org/1586/south-african-rebellion-comes-to-grahamstown South African rebellion comes to Grahamstown], Unemployed People's Movement, 2011[http://africasacountry.com/2011/02/22/the-uprising/ The Uprising] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914092326/http://africasacountry.com/2011/02/22/the-uprising/ |date=14 September 2011 }}, Dylan Valley interviewed by Sean Jacobs But others have termed the rapidly increasing wave of protests since 2004 as a "rebellion of the poor" or a series of "municipal revolts".[http://abahlali.org/files/DIF_Feb_2011-1.pdf Making sense of municipal revolts], by Mandisi Majavu, Foundation for Contemporary Research, 2011 Zwelinzima Vavi, COSATU Secretary General, has described the increasing rate of popular protests as a "ring of fire" closing in on major cities that could result in a Tunisia-style revolution.[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=145000 Jobless youth a ‘ticking time bomb’ for SA, Vavi warns], SAM MKOKELI, Business Day, 2011/06/07[http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/694.1 Unemployment in South Africa: Feel It, the Ticking Time Bomb Is Here], Ebrahim-Khalil Hassen, 23 June 2011

Some of the most notable protests during this period occurred in Harrismith, Kennedy Road, Durban, Diepsloot, Balfour, Thokoza,{{cite web| url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=80440 |title=Police get blame for making protests worse |website=Business Day}}{{cite news | url=http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/News/1059/d86fdae95ff54d0198946eb797d41d96/02-09-2009-11-05/Protest_violence_cops_blamed | title=Protest violence: cops blamed | publisher=News24 | access-date=2 October 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906095752/http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/News/1059/d86fdae95ff54d0198946eb797d41d96/02-09-2009-11-05/Protest_violence_cops_blamed | archive-date=6 September 2009 | url-status=dead }} Khutsong, Macassar Village, Lansdowne Road{{cite web | url=http://www.khayelitshastruggles.com/2009/07/re-urgent-update-on-abm-wc-protest.html | title=An Urgent Update on AbM-WC Protest | website=Khayelitsha Struggles | access-date=2 October 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910200751/http://www.khayelitshastruggles.com/2009/07/re-urgent-update-on-abm-wc-protest.html | archive-date=10 September 2009 | url-status=dead }}{{cite news | url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20090814121211575C326184 | title=Cop fires on Cape Argus team | newspaper=Cape Argus | access-date=2 October 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430180521/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 | archive-date=30 April 2009 | url-status=dead }} and Mandela Park{{cite web|url=http://mpbackyarders.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/hundreds-protested-yesterday-in-mandela-park-after-assault-by-chippa-security-guards-demostrations-to-continue…/ |title=Mandela Park Backyarders to march peacefully on Housing MEC at 9am this morning |website=Mandela Park Backyarders |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626204208/http://mpbackyarders.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/hundreds-protested-yesterday-in-mandela-park-after-assault-by-chippa-security-guards-demostrations-to-continue%E2%80%A6/ |archive-date=26 June 2010 }}{{cite news| url=http://mpbackyarders.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/mandela-park-backyarders-to-march-peacefully-on-housing-mec-at-9am-this-morning/ |title=Hundreds protested yesterday in Mandela Park after assault by Chippa security guards. Demonstrations to continue… |publisher=Mandela Park Backyarders}} in Khayelitsha, KwaZakhele, downtown Durban,{{cite news| url=http://abahlali.org/node/5510 |title=94 arrested for protest thefts at supermarkets |newspaper=Daily News}} Masiphumelele, Ermelo,[http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/mpumalanga/ermelo-residents-see-no-reason-to-vote-1.1029225 Ermelo Residents See No Reason to Vote], Diane Hawker, Independent Online, 2010 Grahamstown and Thembelihle (Lenasia).[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-09-07-five-lessons-from-thembelihle Five lessons from Themb'elihle], Phillip de Wet, The Daily Maverick

Protests continue and some analysts take the view that protests are becoming increasingly radical.[http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/599.1 The 'Gatvol' Factor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119233840/http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/599.1 |date=19 November 2018 }}, Jane Duncan, 2011 Some commentators have concluded that "a large majority of South Africans feel that conventional mechanisms of engaging the state are failing, and that alternatives may be more effective".{{cite web|url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=138902 |title=Delivery protests National problem requires local, tailor-made solutions|first= Udesh |last=Pillay|website=Business Day|date= 1 April 2011}}

According to Professor Peter Alexander: "As many commentators and activists now accept, service delivery protests are part of a broader Rebellion of the Poor. This rebellion is massive. I have not yet found any other country where there is a similar level of ongoing urban unrest. South Africa can reasonably be described as the 'protest capital of the world'."[http://mg.co.za/printformat/single/2012-04-13-a-massive-rebellion-of-the-poor/ A Massive Rebellion of the Poor], Peter Alexander, Mail & Guardian, April 2012

A number of community organisations and movements have emerged from this wave of protests,[http://libcom.org/news/elite-community-protests-south-africa-08082009 The elite and community protests in South Africa], Shawn Hattingh, LibCom, 2009[http://www.zcommunications.org/the-new-anc-and-the-alliance-by-shawn-hattingh The 'new' ANC and the Alliance], Shawn Hattingh, Z Mag,2009 some of which organise outside party politics.[http://www.peopleofcolororganize.com/analysis/popular-anger-protest-cape-town-control-ordinary-people-political-party-likes/ "Popular Anger and Protest in Cape Town is Under the Control of Ordinary People and No Political Party Likes That"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610202948/http://www.peopleofcolororganize.com/analysis/popular-anger-protest-cape-town-control-ordinary-people-political-party-likes/ |date=10 June 2011 }}, People of Color Organize!, 2010 However, in most cases this wave of protest has not led to sustained organisation.[* [http://jas.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/12/04/0021909611429436.abstract Whose Liberation? A {{sic|hide=y|Partly|-}}Forgotten Left Critique of ANC Strategy and Its Contemporary Implications], by Steven Friedman, Journal of Asian & African Studies, February 2012 {{doi|10.1177/0021909611429436}}]

The national trade union federation, COSATU, has also organised a number of large protests, most notably against labour broking and highway tolls.[http://www.businessday.co.za/Articles/Content.aspx?id=171836 Cosatu finds a way through the tricky political minefield], Carol Paton, Business Day, 16 May 2012[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17283803 South Africans march in mass protest at toll roads], BBC News, 7 March 2012

The 2012 Marikana miner strike, organised outside the ruling tripartite alliance, resulted in 34 strikers being killed by the police with 78 being wounded on 16 August 2012.[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-23-marikana-what-really-happened-we-may-never-know Marikana: What really happened? We may never know.], by Mande de Waal, The Daily Maverick, 23 August 2012

It has been argued that the state is actively seeking to curtail the right to protest.{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-03-08-death-by-a-thousand-pinpricks-south-africas-ever-vanishing-right-to-protest |title=Death by a thousand pinpricks – South Africa's ever-vanishing right to protest|author-link=Jane Duncan (academic)|first=Jane|last= Duncan|author2= Andrea Royeppen|website=The Daily Maverick|date= 8 March 2013}}

• The Harrismith protests in 2004[http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/rights/26321 Harrismith police killing follow-up], Freedom of Expression Institute, 2004[http://www.teleologie.org/TO/troubles/dossiers/afrique/afr_du_sud/04_afs_2/04_AFS_2.htm A collection of newspaper articles on the Harrismith protest]
• The Kennedy Road road blockade on 19 March 2005{{cite web|url=http://www.monthlyreview.org/0206pithouse.htm |title=Struggle Is a School: The Rise of a Shack Dwellers' Movement in Durban, South Africa |first= Richard |last=Pithouse|website=Monthly Review|date= 2006}}
• The Khutsong protests during 2006 and 2007
• The N2 Gateway occupations where over 1,000 families occupied unfinished state built houses to protest unfair and corrupt allocation of houses during 2007 and 2008[http://www.abahlali.org/node/3581 Housing and Evictions at the N2 Gateway Project in Delft], by Kerry Chance, Abahlali baseMjondolo, 2008
• The February 2008 Symphony Way road occupation which lasted over 1 year and 9 months{{cite web|url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/christopher-mcmichael/cape-town-model-state-violence-and-military-urbanism |title=The Cape Town model, state violence and military urbanism|first=Christopher |last=McMichael|website=Open Democracy|date= 5 January 2012}}
• The Balfour protest of 2009{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/world/africa/07protests.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1 |title=South Africa's Poor Renew a Tradition of Protest|first= Barry |last=Bearak|newspaper=The New York Times|date= September 2009}}
• The Macassar Village Land Occupation in May 2009[http://libcom.org/news/martin-legassick-macassar-village-land-occupation-cape-town-27052009 Martin Legassick on the Macassar Village Land Occupation in Cape Town], Martin Legassick, 2009
• The Durban proletarian shopping protest in July 2009[https://web.archive.org/web/20121103214211/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1912479,00.html?xid=rss-fullworld-yahoo South Africa's Outraged Poor Threaten President], Megan Lindow, Time Magazine, 24 July 2009
• The Abahlali baseMjondolo march on Jacob Zuma in March 2010. City Manager Mike Sutcliffe tried to ban the shackdwellers from occupying the CBD{{cite news | url=http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=1125237 | title=Shack dwellers up in arms | newspaper=The Sowetan | access-date=27 June 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527193057/http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=1125237 | archive-date=27 May 2010 | url-status=dead }}{{cite news| url=http://www.abahlali.org/node/6401 |title=Sutcliffe Continues His War on the Poor |publisher=Abahlali}}
• The protests in Ermelo, Grahamstown,{{cite web|url=http://www.amandlapublishers.co.za/home-menu-item/519-unemployed-peoples-movement-|title=%%sitename%|access-date=13 April 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}[http://libcom.org/news/flames-phaphamani-21022011 The Flames of Phaphamani], by Pedro Alexis Tabensky, LibCom[http://www.grocotts.co.za/node/9970 Bullets fly as township erupts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129100039/http://www.grocotts.co.za/node/9970 |date=29 January 2016 }}, Thabo Jijana, Grocott's Mail, 10 February 2011 Zandspruit{{cite web|url=http://abahlali.org/taxonomy/term/2998|title=Protests in Zandspruit|website=abahlali.org|access-date=31 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429193630/http://abahlali.org/taxonomy/term/2998|archive-date=29 April 2011|url-status=dead}}[http://www.eyewitnessnews.co.za/articleprog.aspx?id=64627 Police fire rubber bullets in Zandspruit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312025028/http://www.eyewitnessnews.co.za/articleprog.aspx?id=64627 |date=12 March 2012 }}, Jacob Moshokoa, Eye Witness News, April 2011 Ficksburg,[http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/africa/news/article_1632891.php/South-Africa-rocked-by-footage-of-protester-s-death South Africa rocked by footage of protester's death], Monsters & Critics, 14 April 2011{{cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2011-04-14-ficksburg-protestors-set-buildings-alight |title=Ficksburg protesters torch buildings|first= Miranda |last=Andrew|newspaper=Mail & Guardian|date= 14 April 2011}} Makhaza in Khayelitsha,[http://www.thenewage.co.za/16724-1011-53-Hall_torched_in_housing_protest Hall torched in housing protest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310074434/http://www.thenewage.co.za/16724-1011-53-Hall_torched_in_housing_protest |date=10 March 2012 }}, Mandla Mnayakama, The New Age, 29 April 2011 the Samora Machel squatter camp in Mitchell's Plain, Cape Town, Shaka's Kraal in KwaZulu-Natal,[http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/fatal-turn-in-taxi-fare-protest-1.1080198 Fatal turn in taxi fare protest], By Lungi Langa and Nompumelelo Magwaza, IOL, 8 June 2011[http://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/army-dispatched-to-hot-spot-1.1068599 Army dispatched to ‘hot spot’], 13 May 2011, Cape Argus, BRONWYNNE JOOSTE and ESTHER LEWIS Noordgesig, Soweto{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/thestar/soweto/police-fired-rubber-bullets-without-provocation-1.1081632 |title='Police fired rubber bullets without provocation'|first=Adam |last=Sege|date= 10 June 2011|newspaper=The Star}} and Themb'elihle,{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-09-15-thembelihle-arresting-a-protest |title=Themb'elihle: Arresting a protest|first= Phillip|last= de Wet|website=The Daily Maverick|date=15 September 2011}} Johannesburg, all in 2011.
• Protests in the Siyahlala shack settlement in Gugulethu, Cape Town,[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=173453 Western Cape hit hardest by service-delivery protests], Setumo Stone, Business Day, 6 June 2012 the Zakheleni[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-06-25-service-failure-next-step-silence-the-dissent Service failure: next step, silence the dissent], Many de Waal, Daily Maverick, 25 June 2012 and Puntan's Hill shack settlements in Durban,[http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/kzn-to-build-homes-after-fatal-protest-1.1341254#.UBjSFmHVWFc KZN to build homes after fatal protest], by NONDUMISO MBUYAZI, Independent on Saturday, 2012 as well as Marrianridge, also in Durban,{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/residents-protest-over-lack-of-housing-1.1348181#.UBjSyGHVWFc |title=Residents protest over lack of housing|first= Kamcilla |last=Pillay|newspaper= Daily News|date= 24 July 2012}} Oliphantshoek in the Northern Cape[http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/protesters-held-in-northern-cape-1.1323697#.T-gDixfkA7V Protesters held in Northern Cape], SAPA, IOL Online and Port Elizabeth{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160129100038/http://www.peherald.com/news/article/7185 Article title]}} Premier Noxolo Kiviet slams protest violence, Zandile Mbabela and Luyolo Mkentane,The Herald, 6 July 2012 in 2012
• The 2012 Marikana miner strike[http://truth-out.org/news/item/11237-the-marikana-massacre-a-turning-point-for-south-africa The Marikana Massacre: A Turning Point for South Africa?], By Nigel Gibson, Truthout, 1 September 2012
• Protests on grape farms in the Western Cape in November 2012 and January 2013{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-11-08-western-capes-grapes-of-wrath |title=Western Cape's grapes of wrath|first= Mandy|last= de Waal|website=The Daily Maverick|date= 8 November 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2012/11/15/news-analysis-neither-anc-nor-da-seems-popular-with-farm-workers-who-just-want-a-better-deal |title=Neither ANC nor DA seems popular with farm workers, who just want a better deal|first= Carol|last= Paton|website=Business Day|date= 15 November 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-01-23-farmworkers-strike-may-be-over-but-everyones-a-loser |title=Farmworkers' strike may be over – but everyone's a loser|website=Daily Maverick|first= Rebecca |last=Davis|date= 23 January 2012}}
• Protests in Sasolburg against municipal demarcation and the perceived corruption and manipulation of democratic processes in the local and regional ANC in January 2013{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-01-23-blood-smoke-and-tears-zamdelas-burning |title=Blood, smoke and tears: Zamdela's burning|first= G |last=Marinovich|author2=T Lekgowa|website=The Daily Maverick|date= 23 January 2013}}{{cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-01-25-00-fighting-for-scraps-in-the-republic-of-sasolburg |title=Fighting for scraps in the Republic of Sasol(burg)|first= Stephen|last= Sparks|newspaper=Mail & Guardian|date= 25 January 2013}}
• Protests in Protea South, Soweto, in August 2013{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-08-12-protea-south-protests-from-the-inside/#.UghTLNLTx34 |title=Protea South protests, from the inside|first=Bheki C.|last=Simelane|website=The Daily Maverick|date= 12 August 2013}}
• Abahlali baseMjondolo march on the Durban municipality, 15 September 2013{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-09-16-shack-dwellers-take-the-fight-to-ethekwini-and-the-anc-takes-note/ |title=Shack dwellers take the fight to eThekwini – and the ANC takes note|first= Khadija |last=Patel|website=Daily Maverick|date= 16 September 2013}}
• Protests in Bekkersdal, Roodepoort and Bronkhorstspruit in early 2014{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-02-05-analysis-bonfires-of-discontent-in-horrifying-numbers |title=Bonfires of discontent, in horrifying numbers|first=Alex|last=Eliseev|website=The Daily Maverick|date= 2014}} and Klipspruit, Soweto, and Langa, Cape Town,{{cite web|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2014/07/10/langa-residents-take-to-streets-20-people-arrested-in-protests-over-basic-needs |title=Langa residents take to streets, 20 people arrested in protests over basic needs|first=Paul|last=Vecchiatto|website=Business Day|date= 10 July 2014}} in mid-2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-07-04-klipspruit-soweto-blackout-meets-violence/ |title=Klipspruit, Soweto: Blackout meets violence|first= Bheki |last=Simelane|website=The Daily Maverick|date= 4 July 2014}}
• The FeesMustFall student protests in 2015 and 2016{{Cite web|url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/322133/book-provides-in-depth-analysis-of-feesmustfall-movement|title=Book provides in depth analysis of #FeesMustFall movement|website=702|language=en|access-date=6 September 2019}} which called for free education.
• Protests in Zandspruit in March 2016{{cite web|url=http://ewn.co.za/2016/03/16/Protests-flare-up-in-Zandspruit|title=Protests flare up in Zandspruit|website=Eyewitness News|first=Govan|last=Whittles|access-date=13 April 2017}}
• Protests in Westbury, Johannesburg, in September–October 2018 following the death of a bystander caught in crossfire between gangs.{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/gauteng/westburyprotest-bus-station-torched-overnight-as-anger-continues-to-boil-17302712|title=#WestburyProtest: Bus station torched overnight as anger continues to boil {{!}} IOL News|access-date=2018-10-17|language=en}}
• 2019 service delivery protests that occurred across the country in the month before the 2019 general election held in May of that year.
• 2021 Jacob Zuma Protests, A series of protests regarding the arrest of ex-president Jacob Zuma
• 2022 Fuel Protests, A national shutdown regarding the high price of fuel in South Africa{{Cite web |title=South Africa: Nationwide strikes and protests possible in response to fuel hikes through June |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2022/06/south-africa-nationwide-strikes-and-protests-possible-in-response-to-fuel-hikes-through-june |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=South Africa: Nationwide strikes and protests possible in response to fuel hikes through June {{!}} Crisis24 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Mahlakoana |first=Theto |title=NATJoints on high alert following threats of national shutdown on Friday |url=https://ewn.co.za/2022/06/09/natjoints-on-high-alert-following-threats-of-national-shutdown-on-friday |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=ewn.co.za |language=en-US}}

• The Treatment Action Campaign's largely successful struggle for access to AIDS medication
• Operation Khanyisa, protest against electricity disconnection led by the Soweto Electricity Crisis Committee. (The name was later used by ESKOM for a campaign against "electricity theft"){{cite web|url=http://www.saha.org.za/apf/electricity.htm|title=SAHA – South African History Archive – Electricity & energy|access-date=13 April 2017}}
• The No Land! No House! No Vote! campaign is a popular nationwide protest movement of the Poor People's Alliance boycotting electoral politics.
• The Abahlali baseMjondolo campaign against the Slums Act
• The Right2Know Campaign is an umbrella organisation tackling secrecy legislation, as well as denials of access to information, and access to process
• The COSATU led campaign against labour brokering and electronic road tolls in Gauteng
• The 2012 Marikana miner strike{{cite news|first=Lydia|last= Polgreen|date=16 August 2012|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/17/world/africa/south-african-police-fire-on-striking-miners.html?_r=1 |title=Mine Strike Mayhem Stuns South Africa as Police Open Fire|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date= 17 August 2012}}
• The Western Cape 2012 Farm Workers' Strike{{cite web|url=http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/1491 |title=The Farm Workers' Strike: It's Far From Over|first= Anna|last= Majavu|website=SACSIS|date= 15 November 2012}}

From 7 April until 10 April 2017, large crowds protested against President Jacob Zuma's recent cabinet shuffle and the subsequent ratings agencies downgrade to junk status.{{cite web|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2017/04/08/zumamustfall-campaign-to-hold-national-day-of-action|title=#ZumaMustFall campaign to hold National Day of Action|website=sowetanlive.co.za}} The Zuma Must Fall campaign, whose organisers included members of the DA, EFF,{{cite web|url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2017/04/12/high-spirits-in-pretoria-as-protesters-prepare-for-anti-zuma-march/|title=High spirits in Pretoria as protesters prepare for anti-Zuma march|first=Kyle|last=Cowan|date=12 April 2017|access-date=13 April 2017}} African People's Convention and United Democratic Movement planned further demonstrations in the days leading up to Zuma's birthday.{{cite web|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/169371/protest-action-planned-on-zumas-75th-birthday/|title=Protest action planned on Zuma's 75th birthday|access-date=13 April 2017}} 50,000 South Africans, many of whom were black, expressed their anger at corruption within the ANC government, unfair trade deals by the government that favoured the powerful Gupta family, and economic problems that had resulted in the downgrading of South Africa's credit rating.{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/does-south-africa-jacob-zuma-165619142.html|title=What Does South Africa's Jacob Zuma Really Want for His Birthday?|access-date=13 April 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.kdrtv.com/anti-zuma-protests-in-south-africa-as-economic-woes-mount/|title=Anti-Zuma protests in South Africa as economic woes mount – KDRTV|first=The standard|last=media|date=9 April 2017|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410214143/http://www.kdrtv.com/anti-zuma-protests-in-south-africa-as-economic-woes-mount/|archive-date=10 April 2017|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.newstalk.com/Thousands-protest-in-South-Africa-against-President-Zouma|title=Thousands protest in South Africa against President Zouma|access-date=13 April 2017}} More demonstrations occurred from 12 April onwards,{{cite web|url=http://weeklyxpose.co.za/2017/04/12/opposition-parties-take-their-grievance/|title=Opposition parties take their call to Union Buildings|first=Weekly|last=Xposé|date=12 April 2017|access-date=13 April 2017}} with Julius Malema addressing the crowd in Pretoria before they marched on the Union buildings.{{cite web|url=https://weeklyxpose.co.za/2017/04/12/malema-warned-marchers-behave/|title=Malema warned his marchers to behave|first=Weekly|last=Xposé|date=12 April 2017|access-date=13 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413234807/https://weeklyxpose.co.za/2017/04/12/malema-warned-marchers-behave/|archive-date=13 April 2017|url-status=dead}}

Research has consistently shown urban land and housing to be the most common reasons for protest. However, there are multiple reasons for protest including:

• Unequal and segregated distribution of land in both rural and urban areas
• The demand for housing{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-03-27-the-broken-vows-and-blocked-roads-of-kya-sands |title=The broken vows and blocked roads of Kya Sands|first= Greg|last= Nicholson|website=The Daily Maverick|date= 22 March 2011}}
• Poor service delivery[http://www.tnsresearchsurveys.co.za/news-centre/pdf/2011/ServiceDeliveryend2010-4March2011.pdf Expect more flash-points – half of SA's metro residents are still not satisfied with service delivery a year later], TNS Research, 4 March 2011 (especially with regard to water[http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2013/09/17/flood-of-water-protests Flood of water protests, The Times, SCHALK MOUTON, 17 September, 2013 ] and sanitation[http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/opinion/how-poo-became-a-political-issue-1.1541126#.UdaTg_kwfUU How poo became a political issue], Steven Robbins, Daily News, 3 July 2013)
• Government corruption (especially at the local level)[http://www.abahlali.org/node/7852 Ayikho impunga yehlathi (There is no place to hide in the world)], Abahlali baseMjondolo, 9 March 2011[http://www.opendemocracy.net/moeletsi-mbeki/corruption-and-dependence-south-africa%E2%80%99s-road-to-ruin-or-salvation Corruption and Dependence: South Africa’s road to ruin or salvation?], Moeletsi Mbeki, Open Democracy, 31 March 2011[http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/641.1 Mucking out the Durban City Hall], Richard Pithouse,SACSIS, 22 March 2011[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-02-13-uganda-transit-camp-durban-a-report-from-the-frontlines-of-the-struggle-for-democracy/ Uganda Transit Camp, Durban: A report from the frontlines of the struggle for democracy], Jared Sacks, Daily Maverick, 13 February 2013
• Undemocratic structure of wards and development forums[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=141624 ANC’s tinkering won’t make democracy work], Steven Friedman, Business Day, 4 May 2011[http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/columnists/2014/03/26/the-poor-should-also-have-a-voice-on-corruption The poor should also have a voice on corruption], Steven Friedman, Business Day, 26 March 2014
• Top down selection for party positions within the ANC[http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/ANC-faces-fury-over-candidate-selection-20110219 ANC faces fury over candidate selection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223190902/http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/ANC-faces-fury-over-candidate-selection-20110219 |date=23 February 2011 }}, Sabelo Ndlangisa, Sizwe sama Sende and Cedric Mboyisa, City Press, 2011[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=138386 Turmoil in party shows limitations of ‘democratic centralism’], John Kane-Berman, Business Day, March 2011[http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2011/03/31/anc-list-sparks-fury ANC List Sparks Fury], Sibongile Mashaba, Sowetan, March 2011[http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/85518 ANC lacks internal democracy], William Gumede, Pambazuka, 20/22/2001
• Top down and authoritarian approaches to governance (or a lack of consultation)[http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/328.1 What the State's Response to the Anger of Protesting Communities Is Not Telling Us], by Ibrahim Steyn, 2009[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-01-31-zamdela-a-failure-of-the-public-consultation-process Zamdela: A failure of the public consultation process], Khadija Patel, Daily Maverick, 31 January 2013[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-02-07-free-state-of-municipal-chaos-and-lip-service-delivery/ Free State of municipal chaos and lip service delivery], by Paul Berkowitz, The Daily Maverick, 7 February 2013[http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/1564 Cities Need to Plan with the Poor, Not for the Poor], by Felicity Kitchin, SACSIS, 6 February 2013[http://mg.co.za/article/2013-02-15-00-blacklisted-farmworker-urges-politicians-to-listen 'Blacklisted' farmworker urges politicians to listen], Ben Fogel, Mail & Guardian, 15 February 2013
• Evictions and forced removals{{cite web|url=http://mpbackyarders.org.za/2011/02/15/a-self-written-history-of-mandela-park-kwanele-enough-is-genoeg/|title=A self-written history of Mandela Park: Kwanele! Enough Is Genoeg!|publisher=Mandela Park Backyarders|access-date=13 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816150421/http://mpbackyarders.org.za/2011/02/15/a-self-written-history-of-mandela-park-kwanele-enough-is-genoeg/|archive-date=16 August 2011}}
• Rampant crime
• Unemployment
• Police brutality[http://abahlali.org/node/983 March on the Sydenham Police Station: Press Release & Memorandum], Abahlali baseMjondolo, 2007[http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/ficksburg-killing-sparks-riot-1.1057117 Ficksburg killing sparks riot], Deon de Lange, Pretoria News, 15 April 2011
• Municipal and Provincial border demarcation issues[http://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-south-africa/87-arrested-during-protests-in-sasolburg?sn=2009%20Detail 87 Arrested during protests in Sasolburg], Money Web, 21 January 2012
• Increases in transport prices
• Electricity disconnections,[http://allafrica.com/stories/201109161082.html Protest Sparked By Attempt to Cut Illegal Electricity Connections], Nombulelo Damba, All Africa, 2011[http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/we-are-being-deprived-1.1109041 ‘We are being deprived’], NIYANTA SINGH, Sunday Tribune, 2011 increases in electricity prices[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-09-20-tembisa-protests-and-the-shadow-of-things-to-come Tembisa protests and the shadow of things to come], by Phillip de Wet, The Daily Maverick, 21 September 2011[http://mg.co.za/article/2012-03-23-power-to-the-people-still-a-pipe-dream/ Why SA is burning: Power to the people still a pipe dream], Phillip de Wet, Mail & Guardian, 23 March 2012[http://mg.co.za/article/2012-03-20-ratanda-residents-rekindle-heidelberg-protests Ratanda residents rekindle Heidelberg protests], Phillip de Wet, Mail & Guardian, 20 March 2012 and the failure to provide electricity to shack settlements
• Over crowding in schools
• Failure to install traffic calming measures on roads adjacent to shack settlements[http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2012/08/01/dead-kid-sparks-riot Dead kid sparks riot], AMUKELANI CHAUKE, The Times,1 August 2012
• Low wages

{{See also|Toyi-toyi}}

The toyi-toyi originally a Zimbabwean dance, has been used for decades in South Africa as a protest tool. Road blockades,Pithouse, Richard (21 October 2010), [http://libcom.org/news/enduring-rationality-revolt-21102010 "The Enduring Rationality of Revolt"], libcom.org. land occupations, the mass appropriation of food[http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global[_id The Witness]=25560 No mercy, no grants, says Mkhize], Nalini Naidoo, Sharlene Packree and Sapa, The Witness, 2009. and vote strikes{{cite news |first= Richard|last= Pithouse| url=http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/258.1 | title=The Thoroughly Democratic Logic of Refusing to Vote | publisher=SACSIS | access-date=2 October 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222225825/http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/258.1 | archive-date=22 February 2014 | url-status=dead }}.Tabensky, Pedro Alexis (March 2011), [http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/71559 The revolt of South Africa’s untouchables], Pambazuka.Fred Khumalo (March 2011), [http://www.timeslive.co.za/opinion/columnists/article964269.ece/Give-ANC-a-sign---but-without-boycott Give ANC a sign – but without boycott] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314085752/http://www.timeslive.co.za/opinion/columnists/article964269.ece/Give-ANC-a-sign---but-without-boycott |date=14 March 2011 }}, Sunday Times.De Waal, Mandy (17 October 2012), [http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-17-reporters-notebook-the-self-limiting-politics-of-the-sa-people "The self-limiting politics of the SA people"], The Daily Maverick.Daneel Knoetze (17 February 2014), [http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/enkanini-there-ll-be-no-voting-here-1.1648167#.UwHedPmSzY4 "Enkanini: there’ll be no voting here"], Cape Argus, are also common tactics. A choreography of dance performing a call and response song, protest performance, is a tactic that is often used to beckon bystanders to a march or demonstration [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Phiwokazi-Qoza/publication/343095259_Choreographies_of_Protest_Performance_as_Recruitment_to_Activism/links/5f18271b299bf1720d58ef37/Choreographies-of-Protest-Performance-as-Recruitment-to-Activism.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&origin=journalDetail Qoza, Phiwokazi (2020)]

In areas with high rates of popular protests residents tend to boycott elections, to support independent candidates or to support parties other than the ANC.[http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/Tatane-effect-voters-dump-ANC-20110423 Hotspot voters dump ANC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427224315/http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/Tatane-effect-voters-dump-ANC-20110423 |date=27 April 2011 }}, by Sizwe sama Yende, Lucas Ledwaba, Dumisane Lubisi and Cedric Mboyisa, City Press, 24 April 2011

It has been argued that the criminal justice system has been misused to intimidate grassroots activists.[http://www.seri-sa.org/index.php/38--news/285-research-report-seri-launches-an-anatomy-of-dissent-and-repression-the-criminal-justice-system-and-the-2011-thembelihle-protest-16-september-2014 An Anatomy of Dissent and Repression: The Criminal Justice System and the 2011 Thembelihle Protest"], Socio-Economic Rights Institute, 2014

A number of people have been killed by the police in these protests over the years[http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/Tatanes-death-opens-old-wounds-for-family-20110422 Tatane’s death opens old wounds for family] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723184416/http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/Tatanes-death-opens-old-wounds-for-family-20110422 |date=23 July 2011 }}, Lucas Ledwaba, City Press, 24 April 2011[http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/citypress/2005/06/05/C1/2/03.html Charge three senior cops with murder -- ICD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810142629/http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/citypress/2005/06/05/C1/2/03.html |date=10 August 2011 }}, Bate Felix, City Press, 5 June 2009[http://abahlali.org/node/888 Dissent Can Still Get You Killed], Richard Pithouse, The Witness, 16 June 2006[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/may2000/saf-m24.shtml Two student protesters killed by police in Durban, South Africa], Trevor Johnson, World Socialist Website, 2001[http://www.habitants.org/news/inhabitants_of_africa/south_africa_independent_report_into_political_violence_against_landless_people_s_movement Independent Report into Political Violence Against Landless People's Movement], Jared Sacks, International Alliance of Inhabitants, 2010[http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/article950807.ece/Most-feel-let-down-by-their-municipality Most feel let down by their municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309045433/http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/article950807.ece/Most-feel-let-down-by-their-municipality |date=9 March 2011 }}, Brendan Boyle, The Times, 5 March 2011 including Andries Tatane.[http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/article1019802.ece/SAPS-SABC-under-fire-after-Ficksburg-killing SAPS, SABC under fire after Ficksburg killing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417092919/http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/article1019802.ece/SAPS-SABC-under-fire-after-Ficksburg-killing |date=17 April 2011 }}, The Times, 14 April 2011[http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/columnists/2011/04/19/tatane-s-death-underlines-need-for-government-to-deliver Tatane's Death Underlines Need for Government to Deliver] by Andile Mngxitama, Sowetan, 19 April 2011[http://www.timeslive.co.za/opinion/columnists/article1035758.ece/Only-police-chiefs-can-end-it Only police chiefs can end it], David Bruce, Sunday Times,24 April 2011[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=140782 Police violence in Ficksburg is not anything new], Steven Friedman, Business Day, 20 April 2011[http://www.anarkismo.net/article/19359 Murdered by the Ruling Classes], by Shawn Hattingh, Anarkismo, 21 April 2011[http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/72780 Police brutality and service delivery protests], by Mphutlane wa Bofelo, Pambazuka News, 21 April 2011[http://democraticleft.za.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90:we-condemn-the-murder-of-andries-tatane-and-the-securitisation-of-south-african-politics&catid=34:articles&Itemid=59 We condemn the murder of Andries Tatane and the securitisation of South African politics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814121917/http://democraticleft.za.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90:we-condemn-the-murder-of-andries-tatane-and-the-securitisation-of-south-african-politics&catid=34:articles&Itemid=59 |date=14 August 2011 }}, Democratic Left Front, 21 April 2011[http://mg.co.za/article/2011-04-15-protesters-death-not-an-isolated-case/ Protester's death not an isolated case], ILHAM RAWOOT AND GLYNNIS UNDERHILL, Mail & Guardian, 15 April The number of deaths of protestors after apartheid is currently standing at fifty four. Four people were killed by the police during protests between 2000 and 2004, two in 2006, one in 2008, two in 2009, three in 2010 and eleven in 2011.[http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/1455 The Road to Marikana: Abuses of Force During Public Order Policing Operations], David Bruce, SACSIS, 12 October 2012

There have also been constant allegations of non-fatal police brutality against protestors.{{cite web|url=http://www.abahlali.org/taxonomy/term/842|title=A collection of articles and statements on police brutality|website=abahlali.org|access-date=20 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317004035/http://www.abahlali.org/taxonomy/term/842|archive-date=17 March 2011|url-status=dead}}[http://libcom.org/news/flames-phaphamani-21022011 The Flames of Phaphamani], by Pedro Alexis Tabensky, LibCom[http://www.abahlali.org/node/7829 Profile of a town on fire], Kwanele Sosibo, Mail & Guardian, March 2011[http://str8talkchronicle.com/?p=8526 Worries emerge over freedom of expression in South Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727225239/http://str8talkchronicle.com/?p=8526 |date=27 July 2011 }}, Jane Duncan, 2010 It has been argued that people organizing independently of the ruling African National Congress are more likely to face state repression.[http://mg.co.za/article/2012-08-23-activists-decry-talk-of-third-force-at-marikana/ Activists decry talk of 'third force' at Marikana], by Niren Tolsi, Mail & Guardian, 2012

The worst incidence of police violence in post-apartheid South Africa was the Marikana Massacre in August 2012 in which 34 striking miners were killed and 78 were injured. One pistol was recovered from the strikers after the massacre.[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830150415/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana |date=30 August 2012 }}, Greg Marinovich, The Daily Maverick

Violence on the part of protesters, including attacks on ward councilors and their homes, has been escalating.[http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=174750 Engage citizens to stem rise in violent protests], Karene Heese & Kevin Allen, Business Day, 22 June 2012[http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/a-revolution-s-dreams-betrayed-1.1668254#.UzjvlfmSzY4 A revolution’s dreams betrayed], Malaika wa Azania, Sunday Independent, 30 March 2014 In two years nine houses belonging to ward councillors in Gauteng were burnt down.[http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2012/06/25/our-councillors-are-vulnerable---anc Our councillors are vulnerable – ANC], Dominic Mahlangu, The Times, 25 June 2012

• Political repression in post-apartheid South Africa
• Abahlali baseMjondolo
• The Anti-Privatisation Forum
• The Landless Peoples Movement
• The Marikana miners' strike
• The Mandela Park Backyarders
• The Poor People's Alliance
• Sikhula Sonke
• The South African Unemployed Peoples' Movement
• The Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
• The Western Cape 2012 Farm Workers' Strike

• [http://libcom.org/library/we-are-third-force We are the Third Force], by S'bu Zikode, 2005
• [http://www.uj.ac.za/Portals/159/natasha%20paper.doc National Trends Around Protest Action by the Freedom of Expression Institute]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720213148/http://www.fxi.org.za/content/view/83/ Amandla! Protest in the New South Africa]}}, Simon Delaney, Freedom of Expression Institute, May 2007
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719232725/http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/papers/papsaps.htm In Service of the People's Democracy: An assessment of the South African Police Service], by David Bruce with Gareth Newham & Themba Masuku, Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 2007
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100429042133/http://www.cde.org.za/article.php?a_id=246 Voices of anger. Phumelela and Khutsong: Protest and conflict in two municipalities], Centre for Development Enterprise, 2007
• [http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=76611 Burning message to the state in the fire of poor’s rebellion], Richard Pithouse, Business Day, 2009/07/23
• [http://mostlywater.org/elite_and_community_protests_south_africa The Elite and Community Protests in South Africa], Shawn Hattingh, 5 August 2009
• [http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=77115 People are demanding public service, not service delivery], Steven Friedman, Business Day, 2009
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120403042425/http://www.uj.ac.za/EN/Faculties/humanities/researchcentres/csr/research/Documents/Quick%20response%20research%20into%20Service%20Delivery%20Protest%20Hotspots.pdf Service Delivery Protests: Findings from Quick Response Research on Four Hot-Spots’ – Piet Retief, Balfour, Thokoza, Diepsloot], Centre for Sociological Research, 2009
• [http://mg.co.za/article/2010-06-04-what-are-the-prospects-of-real-political-realignment-in-south-africa What are the prospects of real political realignment in South Africa?], Imraan Buccus, Mail & Guardian, 2010
• [http://sabarometerblog.wordpress.com/archive/volume-eight-2010/political-tolerance-on-the-wane-in-south-africa/ Political tolerance on the wane in South Africa], Imraan Buccus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, SA Reconciliation Barometer, 2011
• [http://abahlali.org/node/6665 Rebellion of the poor: South Africa’s service delivery protests – a preliminary analysis], by Peter Alexander, 2010
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110610224000/http://www.peopleofcolororganize.com/analysis/south-africa-enduring-rationality-revolt/ South Africa: The Enduring Rationality of Revolt], Richard Pithouse, 2010
• [http://abahlali.org/files/DIF_Feb_2011-1.pdf Making sense of municipal revolts], by Mandisi Majavu, Foundation for Contemporary Research, 2011
• [http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/635.1 A State of Deep Crisis in South Africa's Local Government], by Dale T. McKinley, SACSIS, 2011
• [http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/news/detail.asp?idata=616&iChannel=1&nChannel=news&iCat=250 Local Government Elections: The Will of the People? ]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, by Jane Duncan, SACSIS, 2011
• [http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/72780 Police brutality and service delivery protests], by Mphutlane wa Bofelo, Pambazuka News, 21 April 2011
• [https://www.ru.ac.za/documents/Politics/Duncan_Dissent_Under_Zuma%5B1%5D.doc Dissent Under Jacob Zuma]{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Jane Duncan, May 2011
• [https://www.ru.ac.za/documents/Politics/Duncan_Dissent_Under_Mbeki%5B1%5D.doc Dissent Under Thabo Mbeki]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Jane Duncan, May 2011
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110509023308/http://www.thedailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2011-05-06-rebellions-of-the-poor-by-the-poor-for-the-poor Rebellions of the poor, by the poor, for the poor], Khadija Patel, The Daily Maverick, May 2011
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120126053228/http://www.socialtextjournal.org/periscope/2011/05/politics-of-grieving---drucilla-cornell.php Politics of Grieving], by Drucilla Cornell, Social Text, May 2011
• [http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=145000 Jobless youth a ‘ticking time bomb’ for SA, Vavi warns], Sam Mkokeli, Business Day, 2011/06/07
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120328100756/http://www.swopinstitute.org.za/node/286 The smoke that calls: Insurgent citizenship, collective violence and the struggle for a place in the new South Africa], Society, Work & Development Institute, 2011
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120429084353/http://www.amandlapublishers.co.za/home-page/702--ten-theses-on-democracy-unemployed-peoples-movement-grahamstown Ten Thesis on Democracy], Unemployed People's Movement, Amandla Magazine, 2011
• [http://www.redpepper.org.uk/reclaiming-the-south-african-dream/ Reclaiming the South African dream], Vishwas Satgar, Red Pepper, December 2011
• [http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-01-23-ring-of-fire-not-so-crazy-a-picture Ring of Fire: Not so crazy a picture], Greg Nicholson, The Daily Maverick, 2012
• [http://www.amandlapublishers.co.za/general-downloads/protests-and-police-statistics Protests and Police Statistics: Some Commentary], Peter Alexander, Amandla Magazine, April 2012
• [http://www.rollingstone.co.za/opinion/item/913-after-kevin-bacon-the-class-struggle After Kevin Bacon, the Class Struggle], by Chris Rodrigues, Rolling Stone, May 2012
• [http://www.abahlali.org/node/8724 "We are the people who do not count": Thinking the disruption of the biopolitics of abandonment], Anna Selmeczi, PhD Thesis, 2012
• [http://www.businessday.co.za/Articles/Content.aspx?id=171836 Cosatu finds a way through the tricky political minefield], Carol Paton, Business Day, 2012
• [http://mg.co.za/article/2012-08-21-the-politics-of-protests-in-cape-town The Politics of Protest], by Jared Sacks, Mail & Guardian, 21 August 2012
• [http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/media-underplaying-police-state-brutality-1.1369675#.UDpA2cHibgy Media underplaying police, state brutality], Jane Duncan, Sunday Independent, 26 August 2012
• [http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-20-apolitical-truth-about-civil-disobedience Apolitical truth about civil disobedience], by Jared Sacks, Mail & Guardian, 21 September 2012
• [http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/1455 The Road to Marikana: Abuses of Force During Public Order Policing Operations], David Bruce, SACSIS, 12 October 2012
• [http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-11-15-the-day-the-cape-winelands-burned The day the Cape winelands burned], REBECCA DAVIS & KATE STEGEMANN, The Daily Maverick, 15 November 2012
• [http://mg.co.za/article/2013-01-25-00-fighting-for-scraps-in-the-republic-of-sasolburg Fighting for scraps in the Republic of Sasol(burg)], by Stephen Sparks, Mail & Guardian, 21 January 2012
• [http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-02-13-uganda-transit-camp-durban-a-report-from-the-frontlines-of-the-struggle-for-democracy/ Uganda Transit Camp, Durban: A report from the frontlines of the struggle for democracy], Jared Sacks, Daily Maverick, 13 February 2013
• [http://www.localgovernmentaction.org/blog/increasing-use-collective-violence-%E2%80%98right%E2%80%99-assert-dignity-poor The Increasing Use of Collective Violence: The ‘right’ to assert the dignity of the poor], by Thapelo Tselapedi, September 2013
• [http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-02-05-analysis-bonfires-of-discontent-in-horrifying-numbers Bonfires of discontent, in horrifying numbers], ALEX ELISEEV, The Daily Maverick, 2014
• [http://www.polity.org.za/article/loss-of-trust-and-legitimacy-result-in-ungovernability-2014-02-11 Loss of trust and legitimacy result in ungovernability], Raymond Suttner, Polity, 2014
• [http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/a-revolution-s-dreams-betrayed-1.1668254#.UzjvlfmSzY4 A revolution’s dreams betrayed], Malaika wa Azania, Sunday Independent, 30 March 2014
• [http://www.seri-sa.org/index.php/38-latest-news/285-research-report-seri-launches-an-anatomy-of-dissent-and-repression-the-criminal-justice-system-and-the-2011-thembelihle-protest-16-september-2014 An Anatomy of Dissent and Repression: The Criminal Justice System and the 2011 Thembelihle Protest"], Socio-Economic Rights Institute, 2014

• [http://energygeographies.com/2011/05/05/mapping-service-delivery-protest/ Service Delivery Protest Map (with media resources)], Durham University

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