:River Trym

The Trym rises near Filton in South Gloucestershire, in the area of Filton Golf Club, and much of its upper course is culverted underneath 20th century housing. It surfaces in the Bristol suburb of Southmead, then flows open through Badock's Wood nature reserve.

{{cite web

|url = http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Environment-Planning/Pollution/blrp--riverside-walks.en?page=4

|title = Bristol Living Rivers Project - Riverside Walks

|publisher = Bristol City Council

|date = 4 June 2006

|access-date = 2009-11-25

|last = Aburrow

|first = Alan

}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Just south of here is Henleaze Swimming Lake, a former quarry fed by springs, the overflow running into the Trym.

{{cite web

|url=http://www.henleazeswimmingclub.org/

|title=Henleaze Lake

|publisher=Henleaze Swimming Club

|access-date=2009-11-25

}}

The river is culverted through Westbury-on-Trym village. A sluice here is used to divert water into a storm drain in times of high rainfall to save the village centre from flooding.

The Trym then disappears into culverts, re-emerging at Henbury Golf Club before entering the Blaise Castle estate, where it is joined on the right bank by the Hazel Brook above Coombe Dingle. The remains of Coombe Mill, which was fed by both the Hazel Brook and the Trym, can be seen here. Passing under Dingle Road bridge, the river then flows through Sea Mills river park, passing under the Portway and the Severn Beach railway line before joining the river Avon. A weir under the Portway prevents flooding upstream, except during the highest spring tides.

Badock's Wood in Southmead is a nature reserve managed by Bristol City Council. Areas of beech, oak and ash woodland support a range of other bushes and shrubs, including hazel, maple, hawthorn and blackthorn. Badock's Meadow, a former prefab housing estate, has been reseeded with native meadow plants including oxeye daisies, yellow rattle, wild carrot and knapweed. Wildlife includes native woodland birds including woodpeckers and owls, also pipistrelle bats.{{cite web|url=https://www.bristol.gov.uk/documents/20182/34504/Badock's%20Wood.pdf/e6c8fdf8-3990-4638-a88b-ecbf02714ecd|title=Badock's Wood leaflet|publisher=Bristol City Council|access-date=31 May 2018|location=Bristol}}

The Blaise Castle estate contains a variety of trees and plant life, also providing cover for birds and small mammals. Further downstream, just above Sea Mills, Himalayan Balsam and Japanese Knotweed, both invasive riverside plants, have established themselves. Ducks and moorhen can be found along many stretches of the river, with gulls and estuary birds near the mouth.

A pollution incident by Wessex Water which allowed sewage to flow into the Trym in 2001, killing eels, sticklebacks and invertebrates, resulted in a fine following prosecution by the Environment Agency.

{{cite web

|url = http://www.environmental-innovations.biz/prosecutions/

|title = Environmental Fines and Prosecutions

|publisher = Environmental Innovations Ltd

|access-date = 2009-11-26

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://archive.today/20130115052728/http://www.environmental-innovations.biz/prosecutions/

|archive-date = 2013-01-15

}}

{{cite news |url=http://www.socialistreview.org.uk/article.php?articlenumber=7839 |title=Enron: Digging the Dirt on New Labour's Friends |work=Socialist Review Website|publisher=Socialist Review |date=February 2002|access-date=2009-11-27|last=Hughes|first=Solomon }} Other pollution incidents have followed.{{cite news |url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7995215588&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7995215596&cisb=22_T7995215595&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=169745&docNo=2 |title=Sewage flows into gardens|newspaper=Bristol Evening Post |via=Nexis |date=7 July 2007|publisher=Bristol News and Media |access-date=2009-11-26|last=Janisch|first=Rupert}}

Image:River Trym at Coombe Dingle.jpg.]]

At the confluence of the Trym with the Avon was the Roman port and small town of Abona, which took its name from the main river Avon, which simply means 'river' in British Celtic. Abona was a staging point for the Roman invasion of Wales and was at the western end of the Roman road from Silchester.{{cite journal |last1=Higgins |first1=David |title=The Roman town of Abona and the Anglo-Saxon charters of Stoke Bishop of AD969 and 984 |journal=Bristol and Avon Archaeology |date=2004 |volume=19 |pages=75-86 |url=https://bristolandavonarchaeology.org.uk/app/uploads/2021/01/vol-19-v3.pdf |access-date=27 April 2024}}

By the 15th century there was a water mill just above the tidal limit of the Trym. In later centuries there were also two water mills in Coombe Dingle: Clack Mill (also known as Black Mill) beside what is now the bend in Coombe Bridge Avenue, and Coombe Mill where the Hazel Brook joins the Trym.{{cite web |title=Conservation Area 21: Sea Mills - Character Appraisal & Management Proposals |url=https://www.bristol.gov.uk/files/documents/2937-sea-mills-character-appraisal/file |date=2011 |publisher=Bristol City Council |access-date=27 April 2024 |page=8 }}

An attempt was made in 1712 by the entrepreneur Joshua Franklyn to open a commercial dock at the mouth of the Trym, on the Roman site, but the venture foundered after a few decades.{{cite book|last=Rudge|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas Rudge|title=The history of the county of Gloucester: compressed, and brought down to the year 1803|editor=Atkyns, Robert|publisher=G F Harris, Herald Newspaper Office|location=Gloucester|year=1803|volume=II|page=362|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5dJAAAAMAAJ&q=Cook%27s+Folly+stoke+bishop|access-date=2009-11-27}} A whale fishery enterprise set up in 1752 was equally short lived. Parts of the dock walls can still be seen.

{{cite web

|url=http://www.seamills.org.uk/about/

|title=About Sea Mills

|publisher=Sea Mills Community Web Site

|access-date=2009-11-24

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406153741/http://www.seamills.org.uk/about/

|archive-date=2010-04-06

}}

{{cite book|last=Jenkins|first=J T|title=A History of the Whale Fisheries: From the Basque Fisheries of the Tenth Century to the Hunting of the Finner whale at the present date|publisher=H. F. & G. Witherby|location=London|year=1921|edition=archived at Archive.org|pages=186–187|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofwhalefi00jenkrich/historyofwhalefi00jenkrich_djvu.txt}}

Linguistics sources indicate that the name Trym may derive from the Anglo-Saxon, meaning 'firm' or 'strong' one'.{{cite journal|last=Coates|first=Richard|year=2006|title=Stour and Blyth as English river-names|journal=English Language and Linguistics|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|url-access=subscription|volume=10|issue=1|pages=23–29|doi=10.1017/S1360674305001693|s2cid=124626907 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=ELL&volumeId=10&issueId=01#}}

{{cite web

|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Westbury.html

|title=Westbury - Origin of Westbury

|work=Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names

|publisher=OUP

|access-date=2009-11-26

}}

The flow of the river has decreased in power in recent years, partly because of surface run-off in the upper catchment of the Hazel Brook, especially from the large retail centre at Cribbs Causeway. The run-off sends a good deal of silt into the system, slowing the flow and creating a risk of flooding downstream. This problem has now been partially alleviated by the construction of the Catbrain attenuation reservoir near Cribbs Causeway.

{{cite web

|url=http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Environment-Planning/Pollution/bristol-living-rivers--watercourses.en?page=3

|title=Waterways Monitoring: River Trym and Hazel Brook

|publisher=Bristol City Council

|access-date=2009-11-24

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520045642/http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Environment-Planning/Pollution/bristol-living-rivers--watercourses.en?page=3

|archive-date=2011-05-20

}}

Measurements of pollution by the city council show the water to be relatively clean.

{{cite web

|url = http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/cms-service/stream/asset/?asset_id=35130136

|title = Bristol surface water quality monitoring results

|date = September 2010

|publisher = Bristol City Council

|access-date = 16 October 2010

}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Commons category|River Trym}}

• Mogford, Ernest H. (1954) The history, survey and description from earliest times of Westbury-on-Trym. [Privately published.]
• Smith, A.H. (1964) ''The place-names of Gloucestershire.'Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, vol. 3.

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{{Transport in Gloucestershire}}

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Category:Rivers of Gloucestershire

Category:Rivers of Bristol

Category:Westbury-on-Trym

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