:Robert Kagan

Kagan was born in Athens, Greece. His father, historian Donald Kagan, was the Sterling Professor of Classics and History Emeritus at Yale University and a specialist in the history of the Peloponnesian War, was of Lithuanian Jewish descent.{{cite web|publisher=yalealumnimagazine.com|url=http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_04/kagan.html|title=Lion in Winter|access-date=August 19, 2007|date=April 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809010253/http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_04/kagan.html|archive-date=August 9, 2007}} His brother Frederick is a military historian and author. Kagan has a B.A. in history (1980) from Yale, where in 1979 he was editor-in-chief of the Yale Political Monthly, a periodical he is credited with reviving.{{cite web |url=http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2005/oct/27/robert-kagan-80-follows-father-but-forges-own-path/ |title=Robert Kagan '80 follows father but forges own path |publisher=Yale Daily News |date=October 27, 2005 |access-date=November 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119073509/http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2005/oct/27/robert-kagan-80-follows-father-but-forges-own-path/ |archive-date=November 19, 2010 }} He later earned a Master of Public Policy from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and a Ph.D. in American history from American University in Washington, D.C.

Kagan is married to American diplomat Victoria Nuland,{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/18/us/washington-talk-briefing-departing-official.html|title=Washington Talk: Briefing; Departing Official (Published 1988)|newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 18, 1988}} who previously served as deputy national security advisor to Vice President Dick Cheney and assistant secretary of state for European and Eurasian affairs in the Obama administration.

In 1983, Kagan was foreign policy advisor to New York Republican Representative Jack Kemp. From 1984 to 1986, under the administration of Ronald Reagan, he was a speechwriter for Secretary of State George P. Shultz and a member of the United States Department of State Policy Planning Staff. From 1986 to 1988, he served in the State Department Bureau of Inter-American Affairs.{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2014/14-030.html?loclr=rssloc |title=Three-Part Lecture Series at the Kluge Center Looks at Foreign Policy Through the Lens of Realpolitik |publisher=Library of Congress |date=February 21, 2014 |access-date=February 21, 2014 |author=Steinhauer, Jason}}

In 1997, Kagan co-founded the now-defunct neoconservative think tank Project for the New American Century with William Kristol.{{cite web|url=http://www.newamericancentury.org/aboutpnac.htm |title=About PNAC |work=newamericancentury.org |year=2009 |access-date=March 18, 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044710/http://www.newamericancentury.org/aboutpnac.htm |archive-date=February 4, 2012 }} Through the work of the PNAC, from 1998, Kagan was an early and strong advocate of military action in Syria, Iran, Afghanistan as well as to "remove Mr. Hussein and his regime from power."{{Citation

|last1=Kristol

|first1=William

|last2=Kagan

|first2=Robert

|title=Bombing Iraq Isn't Enough

|newspaper=The New York Times

|date=January 30, 1998

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/30/opinion/bombing-iraq-isn-t-enough.html

|access-date=March 17, 2017

|archive-date=September 7, 2017

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907230114/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/30/opinion/bombing-iraq-isn-t-enough.html

|url-status=live

}}{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2007/03/11/kagan_11/ |title=Why would any rational person listen to Robert Kagan? |author=Glenn Greenwald |author-link=Glenn Greenwald |work=Salon |date=March 11, 2007 |access-date=December 30, 2017 |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123162014/https://www.salon.com/2007/03/11/kagan_11/ |url-status=live }} After the 1998 bombing of Iraq was announced Kagan said "bombing Iraq isn't enough" and called on Clinton to send ground troops to Iraq.{{cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/1998/01/bombing-iraq-isnt-enough?lang=en|title=Bombing Iraq isn't enough|access-date=13 March 2023|date=January 30, 1998|publisher=Carnegie Endowment|author=Robert Kagan}}

From 1998 until August 2010, Kagan was a Senior Associate with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He was appointed senior fellow in the Center on United States and Europe at the Brookings Institution in September 2010.{{Cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/media/NewsReleases/2010/0908_kagan.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011095052/http://www.brookings.edu/media/NewsReleases/2010/0908_kagan.aspx|title=Robert Kagan joins Brookings|archive-date=October 11, 2012}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/experts/index.cfm?fa=expert_view&expert_id=16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050514080156/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/experts/index.cfm?fa=expert_view&expert_id=16|title=Profile on the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace site|archive-date=May 14, 2005}}Robert Kagan, "I Am Not a Straussian", Weekly Standard 11: 20 (February 6, 2006)

During the 2008 presidential campaign he served as foreign policy advisor to John McCain, the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 election.{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Reynolds |title=Not the end of history after all |date=April 29, 2008 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7370992.stm |work=BBC News |access-date=April 29, 2008 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224052656/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7370992.stm |url-status=live }}

Since 2011, Kagan has also served on the 25-member State Department's Foreign Affairs Policy Board under Secretaries of State Hillary Clinton{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/12/178274.htm |title=Inaugural Meeting of Secretary Clinton's Foreign Affairs Policy Board |access-date=February 19, 2012}} and John Kerry.[https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/p/fapb/c50662.htm Current Board Members"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525210640/https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/p/fapb/c50662.htm |date=May 25, 2019 }}, State Department webpage. Retrieved March 29, 2015.

Andrew Bacevich referred to Kagan as "the chief neoconservative foreign-policy theorist" in reviewing Kagan's book The Return of History and the End of Dreams.{{cite news|last1=Bacevich|first1=Andrew|author-link1=Andrew Bacevich|title=Present at the Re-Creation|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64466/andrew-j-bacevich/present-at-the-re-creation|work=Foreign Affairs|date=February 5, 2009|access-date=January 23, 2023|archive-date=February 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202200325/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64466/andrew-j-bacevich/present-at-the-re-creation|url-status=live}}

A profile in The Guardian described Kagan as being "uncomfortable" with the 'neocon' title, and stated that "he insists he is 'liberal' and 'progressive' in a distinctly American tradition."{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/apr/27/usa |title=A neocon by any other name |first=Peter |last=Beaumont |work=The Guardian |date=April 26, 2008 |publisher=GMG |location=London |issn=0261-3077 |oclc=60623878 |access-date=March 18, 2012 |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213124735/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/apr/27/usa |url-status=live }}

In 2008, Kagan wrote an article titled "Neocon Nation: Neoconservatism, c. 1776" for World Affairs, describing the main components of American neoconservatism as a belief in the rectitude of applying US moralism to the world stage, support for the US to act alone, the promotion of American-style liberty and democracy in other countries, the belief in American hegemony,{{cite book|last1=Micklethwait|first1=John|last2=Wooldridge|first2=Adrian|title=The Right Nation: Conservative Power in America|url=https://archive.org/details/rightnationconse00mick|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/rightnationconse00mick/page/217 217]|year=2004|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-59420-020-5}}, pages 217–18 the confidence in US military power, and a distrust of international institutions.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfsPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 |page=66 |last=Fettweis |first=Christopher J. |title=The Pathologies of Power: Fear, Honor, Glory, and Hubris in U.S. Foreign Policy |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9781107512962}} According to Kagan, his foreign-policy views are "deeply rooted in American history and widely shared by Americans".{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1237310.htm |title=America still capable of military strikes: Robert Kagan |first=Mark |last=Colvin |work=abc.net.au |year=2004 |access-date=March 18, 2012 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224155954/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1237310.htm |url-status=live }}

In 2006, Kagan wrote that Russia and China are the greatest "challenge liberalism faces today": "Nor do Russia and China welcome the liberal West's efforts to promote liberal politics around the globe, least of all in regions of strategic importance to them. ... Unfortunately, al-Qaeda may not be the only challenge liberalism faces today, or even the greatest.""[http://www.ipsnews.net/2006/05/politics-us-hawks-looking-for-new-and-bigger-enemies/ US: Hawks Looking for New and Bigger Enemies?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205093531/http://www.ipsnews.net/2006/05/politics-us-hawks-looking-for-new-and-bigger-enemies/ |date=February 5, 2021 }}". IPS. May 5, 2006.{{cite news|last1=Kagan|first1=Robert|title=League of Dictators?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/28/AR2006042801987.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=April 30, 2006|access-date=September 10, 2017|archive-date=December 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212184513/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/28/AR2006042801987.html|url-status=live}}{{third-party-inline|reason=Please find a reliable source stating that this is important or at least mentioning this. A biography of a living person needs be written reflecting the due weight in (high quality) reliable sources, to which selected primary sources by the subject can be added when they are judged to be important by independent, reliable sources.|date=January 2015}} In a February 2017 essay for Foreign Policy, Kagan argued that U.S. post-Cold War retrenchment in global affairs has emboldened Russia and China, "the two great revisionist powers," and will eventually lead to instability and conflict.{{cite news|last1=Kagan|first1=Robert|title=Backing Into World War III|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/02/06/backing-into-world-war-iii-russia-china-trump-obama/|work=Foreign Policy|date=February 6, 2017|access-date=September 10, 2017|archive-date=September 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913154949/http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/02/06/backing-into-world-war-iii-russia-china-trump-obama/|url-status=live}}

In October 2018, Kagan said, "Unless are you willing to punish" Saudi Arabia for the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi, "then they own you."{{cite news |title=What Trump can do about Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/what-trump-can-do-about-saudi-arabia/ |work=The Seattle Times |date=October 11, 2018 |access-date=January 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119120943/https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/what-trump-can-do-about-saudi-arabia/ |url-status=live }}

Kagan was a columnist for The Washington Post. He has also written for The New York Times, Foreign Affairs, The Wall Street Journal, Commentary, World Affairs, and Policy Review.{{external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?174980-1/of-paradise-power Booknotes interview with Kagan on Of Paradise and Power, February 16, 2003], C-SPAN| video2 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?195160-1/dangerous-nation Presentation by Kagan on Dangerous Nation, October 18, 2006], C-SPAN| video3 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?194623-6/dangerous-nation Washington Journal interview with Kagan on Dangerous Nation, October 23, 2006], C-SPAN| video4 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?196850-1/qa-robert-kagan Q&A interview with Kagan on Dangerous Nation, Mach 4, 2007], C-SPAN}}

In 2003, Kagan's book Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order, published on the eve of the US invasion of Iraq, created something of a sensation through its assertions that Europeans tended to favor peaceful resolutions of international disputes while the United States takes a more "Hobbesian" view in which certain kinds of disagreement can only be settled by force, or, as he put it: "Americans are from Mars and Europe is from Venus." A New York Times book reviewer, Ivo H. Daalder wrote:

{{blockquote|When it comes to setting national priorities, determining threats, defining challenges, and fashioning and implementing foreign and defense policies, the United States and Europe have parted ways, writes Mr. Kagan, concluding, in words already famous in another context, 'Americans are from Mars and Europeans are from Venus.'{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/05/books/books-of-the-times-americans-are-from-mars-europeans-from-venus.html|title=BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Americans Are From Mars, Europeans From Venus (Published 2003)|first=Ivo H.|last=Daalder|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 5, 2003|access-date=February 12, 2017|archive-date=March 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309102301/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/05/books/books-of-the-times-americans-are-from-mars-europeans-from-venus.html|url-status=live}}}}

In Dangerous Nation: America's Place in the World from its Earliest Days to the Dawn of the Twentieth Century (2006) Kagan argued forcefully against what he considers the widespread misconception that the United States had been isolationist since its inception. Dangerous Nation was awarded the 2007 Lepgold Prize by Georgetown University.{{cite web|url=http://explore.georgetown.edu/news/?ID=36299&PageTemplateID=289|title=Georgetown Awards 2007 Lepgold Book Prize|publisher=Georgetown University|date=September 17, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919081807/http://explore.georgetown.edu/news/?ID=36299&PageTemplateID=289|archive-date=September 19, 2009}}

Kagan's essay "Not Fade Away: The Myth of American Decline" (The New Republic, February 2, 2012){{cite magazine |url=http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/99521/america-world-power-declinism |title=Not Fade Away: The myth of American decline. |magazine=The New Republic |author=Robert Kagan |date=January 11, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2012 |archive-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120181926/http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/99521/america-world-power-declinism |url-status=live }} was very positively received by President Obama. Josh Rogin reported in Foreign Policy that the president "spent more than 10 minutes talking about it...going over its arguments paragraph by paragraph."{{cite magazine |url=http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/01/26/obama_embraces_romney_advisor_s_theory_on_the_myth_of_american_decline |title=Obama embraces Romney advisor's theory on 'The Myth of American Decline' |author=Josh Rogin |date=January 26, 2012 |magazine=Foreign Policy |access-date=February 19, 2012 |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021001106/http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/01/26/obama_embraces_romney_advisor_s_theory_on_the_myth_of_american_decline |url-status=dead }} The essay was excerpted from Kagan's book, The World America Made (2012).

John Bew and Kagan lectured on March 27, 2014, on Realpolitik and American exceptionalism at the Library of Congress.{{cite web|title=The Return of Realpolitik - A Window into the Soul of Anglo-American Foreign Policy, Event Recap|url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/kluge/news/realpolitik-2014.html|work=Kluge Center|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=May 14, 2014|archive-date=May 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514151725/http://www.loc.gov/loc/kluge/news/realpolitik-2014.html|url-status=live}}

In February 2016, Kagan publicly left the Republican party (referring to himself as a "former Republican"), endorsing Democrat Hillary Clinton for president. He argued that the Republican Party's "wild obstructionism" and an insistence that "government, institutions, political traditions, party leadership and even parties themselves" were things meant to be "overthrown, evaded, ignored, insulted, laughed at" set the stage for the rise of Donald Trump. Kagan called Trump a "Frankenstein monster" and compared him to Napoleon.{{cite news|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-is-the-gops-frankenstein-monster-now-hes-strong-enough-to-destroy-the-party/2016/02/25/3e443f28-dbc1-11e5-925f-1d10062cc82d_story.html|first=Robert|last=Kagan|title=Trump is the GOP's Frankenstein monster. Now he's strong enough to destroy the party.|date=February 25, 2016|access-date=March 4, 2016}} In May 2016, Kagan wrote an opinion piece in The Washington Post regarding Trump's campaign entitled "This is how fascism comes to America".{{cite news |last=Kagan |first=Robert |date=May 18, 2016 |title=This Is How Fascism Comes to America |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/this-is-how-fascism-comes-to-america/2016/05/17/c4e32c58-1c47-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=August 8, 2016 |archive-date=August 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801144132/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/this-is-how-fascism-comes-to-america/2016/05/17/c4e32c58-1c47-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7_story.html |url-status=live }} Kagan has said that "all Republican foreign policy professionals are anti-Trump."{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/07/25/robert-kagan-and-other-neocons-back-hillary-clinton/|title=Robert Kagan and Other Neocons Are Backing Hillary Clinton|first=Rania|last=Khalek|date=July 25, 2016|access-date=January 27, 2017|archive-date=January 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123162007/https://theintercept.com/2016/07/25/robert-kagan-and-other-neocons-back-hillary-clinton/|url-status=live}} In September 2021, Kagan wrote a related opinion essay published in The Washington Post by the title "Our constitutional crisis is already here".{{cite news |last=Kagan |first=Robert |authorlink=Robert Kagan |title=Our Constitutional Crisis Is Already Here |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/23/robert-kagan-constitutional-crisis/ |date=September 23, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 23, 2021 }} He continued his criticism of Trump in November 2023 with another essay in The Washington Post entitled "A Trump dictatorship is increasingly inevitable. We should stop pretending."{{Cite news |date=2023-11-30 |last=Kagan |first=Robert |title=A Trump dictatorship is increasingly inevitable. We should stop pretending. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/11/30/trump-dictator-2024-election-robert-kagan/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en}}

In October of 2024, he resigned as editor-at-large from the Post due to its decision not to endorse a candidate in the 2024 United States presidential election between Trump and Kamala Harris.{{Cite web |last=Flood |first=Brian |date=2024-10-25 |title=Washington Post editor at large quits after paper declines to endorse presidential candidate |url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/washington-post-editor-large-quits-after-paper-declines-endorse-presidential-candidate |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Fox News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2024-10-25 |title=Neocon Grandee Kagan Resigns Over Post Non-Endorsement

|url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/neocon-grandee-kagan-resigns-over-post-non-endorsement/|access-date=2024-10-25 |language=en-US}}

• [https://archive.org/details/twilightstruggle00kaga A Twilight Struggle: American Power and Nicaragua, 1977-1990.] (1996) {{ISBN|978-0-028-74057-7}}
• [https://archive.org/details/presentdangers00robe Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in America's Foreign and Defense Policy], with William Kristol (2000)
• Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order. (2003) {{ISBN|1-4000-4093-0}}
• [https://archive.org/details/dangerousnation00kaga Dangerous Nation: America's Place in the World from its Earliest Days to the Dawn of the Twentieth Century.] (2006) {{ISBN|0-375-41105-4}}
• [https://archive.org/details/returnofhistorye00kaga The Return of History and the End of Dreams.]{{Cite news|title=The Return of History and the End of Dreams Review|url=https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2008/07/the-return-of-history-and-the-end-of-dreams/}}{{Cite news|title=Return of History and the End of Dreams Review|url=https://mises.org/mises-review/return-history-and-end-dreams-robert-kagan}}{{Cite news|title=Robert Kagan's Mythology of U.S. Exceptionalism|url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/robert-kagans-mythology-of-u-s-exceptionalism/}} (2008) {{ISBN|978-0-307-26923-2}}
• The World America Made. (2012) {{ISBN|978-0-307-96131-0}}
• The Jungle Grows Back: America and Our Imperiled World. (2018) {{ISBN|978-0525521655}}
• The Ghost at the Feast: America and the Collapse of World Order, 1900-1941 (2023) {{ISBN|978-0307262943}}
• Rebellion: How Antiliberalism Is Tearing America Apart - Again{{Cite news|title=Think Trump is bad? This book reminds you that Neo-cons are worse

|url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/other/think-trump-is-bad-this-book-reminds-you-that-neo-cons-are-worse/ar-BB1lTPCy?ocid=BingNewsSerp}}{{Cite news|title=Robert Kagan Goes on a Tear

|url=https://mises.org/mises-wire/robert-kagan-goes-tear}}{{Cite news|title=Crisis of Liberalism Divided

|url=https://www.commentary.org/articles/brian-stewart/antiliberalism-america-robert-kagan/}} (2024) {{ISBN|978-0593535783}}

• Stop Trump movement

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{wikiquote}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{C-SPAN|43065}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123095003/http://online.sfsu.edu/mroozbeh/CLASS/h-607-pdfs/W.Kristol-Neo-Reaganite.pdf "Toward a Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy"] by William Kristol and Robert Kagan
• [https://www.brookings.edu/experts/robert-kagan/ Articles at Brookings]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20190507004545/http://www.weeklystandard.com/author/robert-kagan Articles at Weekly Standard]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170108190955/http://carnegieendowment.org/experts/16 Articles at Carnegie Endowment]
• [https://reason.com/2001/06/01/foreign-policy-folly-2/ Foreign Policy Folly] by Willian Ruger
• [https://www.ussc.edu.au/analysis/superpowers-dont-retire-but-robert-kagan-should Superpowers don't retire, but Robert Kagan should] by Tom Switzer
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120410080100/http://www.newamerica.net/publications/articles/2007/dangerous_history_6238 'Dangerous Nation' trilogy Book One Review] by Michael Lind
• [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/11/books/review/ghost-at-the-feast-robert-kagan.html 'Dangerous Nation' trilogy Book Two 'The Ghost at the Feast' Review] by Thomas Meaney

{{Neoconservatism}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kagan, Robert}}

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