:Rye whiskey

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In the United States, rye whiskey is, by law, made from a mash of at least 51 percent rye. (The other ingredients in the mash are usually corn and malted barley.){{citation needed|date=March 2020}} It is distilled to no more than 160 U.S. proof (80% abv) and aged in charred, new oak barrels. The whiskey must be put in the barrels at no more than 125 proof (62.5% abv). Rye whiskey that has been aged for at least two years and has not been blended with other spirits may be further designated as straight, as in "straight rye whiskey".{{cite web|url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/get-cfr.cgi?TITLE=27&PART=5&SECTION=22&TYPE=TEXT |title=Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits | volume=Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 5.22 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=2013-04-12}}

Rye whiskey was historically the prevalent whiskey in the northeastern states, especially Pennsylvania, New York and Maryland. Pittsburgh was the center of rye whiskey production in the late 1700s and early 1800s.{{cite news |last= Toland |first= Bill |title= Rye is Popular Again |url= http://www.post-gazette.com/libations/2007/05/23/Rye-is-popular-again/stories/200705230301 |access-date= 2013-12-27 |work= Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=May 23, 2007}} By 1808, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania farmers were selling half a barrel for each man, woman and child in the country.{{cite news| title= Whiskey Resurrection: A Look at Local Distillers, and How They are Faring in Repeal's 4th Year|newspaper=The Bulletin Index|date=September 16, 1937}} By the 1880s, Joseph F. Sinnott's distillery, Moore and Sinnott, located in Monongahela, Pennsylvania, was the largest producer of rye whiskey, with a capacity of 30,000 barrels a year.{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=h0IAeM-IrtEC|title=New York Illustrated |date= 1894|publisher=AF Parsons Publishing Co.|location=New York|page=250|access-date=18 April 2018}}{{cite book|title=99 Drams of Whiskey: The Accidental Hedonist's Quest for the Perfect Shot and the History of the Drink |last1= Hopkins |first1= Kate |date= 2009| publisher= St. Martin's Press| location= New York|page=196}} In 1886, rye whiskey was produced in 17 states.{{Cite journal |last=Bready |first=James H. |date=Winter 1990 |title=Maryland Rye: A Whiskey the Nation Long Fancied—But Now Has Let Vanish |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5600/sc5646/000004/000000/000001/pdf/msa_sc5646_4_1.pdf |journal=Maryland Historical Magazine |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=346 |access-date=2023-05-20}}

Rye whiskey largely disappeared after Prohibition. A few brands, such as Old Overholt, survived, although by the late 1960s former Pennsylvania brands like Old Overholt were being distilled mostly in Kentucky.{{cite web |title= American Whiskey & How It Got to Be This Way |url= http://ellenjaye.com/index-history.html |website= EllenJaye.com |access-date=2016-09-04}}

In the early 21st century, an expanding number of rye whiskey brands are produced by Campari Group (Wild Turkey Rye), Diageo (George Dickel Rye and Bulleit Rye), Heaven Hill (Pikesville Rye and Rittenhouse Rye), Suntory Global Spirits (Old Overholt and Jim Beam Rye), The Sazerac Company (Col. E. H. Taylor, Sazerac Rye, and Thomas H. Handy), and various smaller companies. A particularly large producer is MGP of Indiana (formerly known as Lawrenceburg Distillers Indiana), which is a distiller for many brands that are marketed by others (including some of the large companies previously listed).{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/07/28/your-craft-whiskey-is-probably-from-a-factory-distillery-in-indiana.html|title=Your 'Craft' Rye Whiskey Is Probably From a Factory Distillery in Indiana|last=Felten|first=Eric|date=July 28, 2014|website=The Daily Beast|access-date=July 23, 2016}}{{cite web|first=Charles A. |last=Cowdery |url=http://chuckcowdery.blogspot.com/2012/10/george-dickel-gives-different-taste-to.html |title=George Dickel Gives a Different Taste to LDI Rye |work=The Chuck Cowdery Blog |date=October 26, 2012 |access-date=May 19, 2019}}

Rye whiskey has been undergoing a small but growing revival in the US.{{cite web |url=http://www.winespectator.com/Wine/Archives/Show_Article/0,1275,6637,00.html |title=Rye's Revival |work=Wine Spectator |date=July 31, 2008 |access-date=2013-04-12 |archive-date=2013-02-09 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130209064550/http://www.winespectator.com/magazine/show/id/12589 |url-status=dead }} Since the beginning of the 21st century, more producers have been experimenting with rye whiskey, and several now market aged rye whiskey. For example, Brown-Forman began production of a Jack Daniel's rye whiskey and released unaged and lightly aged versions as limited editions. A reconstructed distillery at Mount Vernon (the estate of George Washington) sells a rye that is similar to the whiskey Washington made. At its peak, Washington's original distillery was among the largest producers of rye whiskey in the United States, averaging {{convert|11000|gal}} per year.{{cite web| url= http://www.mountvernon.org/the-estate-gardens/distillery/ | title= Mount Vernon Distillery | website= mountvernon.org |access-date= January 22, 2018}} In 2023, Maryland passed legislation naming Maryland rye whiskey as the state's official liquor.{{cite news |last1=Connolly |first1=Connie |title=Moore declares rye whiskey state spirit |url=https://www.cecildaily.com/news/state_news/moore-declares-rye-whiskey-state-spirit/article_54e7bd09-1f3f-5aa6-84a6-408290f0e4ab.html |access-date=May 17, 2023 |work=Cecil Whig |date=May 17, 2023}}

Rye grain is known for imparting what many call a spicy or fruity flavor to the whiskey. Bourbon, distilled from at least 51% corn, is noticeably sweeter and tends to be more full-bodied than rye. As bourbon gained popularity beyond the southern United States, bartenders increasingly substituted it for rye in cocktails such as the whiskey sour, Manhattan, and Old Fashioned, which were originally made with rye. All other things being equal, the character of the cocktail will be drier (i.e., less sweet) with rye.See, for example: {{cite book |last=Wondrich |first=David |title=Imbibe!: From Absinthe Cocktail to Whiskey Smash, a Salute in Stories and Drinks to "Professor" Jerry Thomas, Pioneer of the American Bar |publisher=Perigee Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-399-53287-0}} At page 241 Wondrich states, in giving the recipe for a Manhattan, that "[a]ll things being equal, a 100-proof rye will make the best Manhattan..."

American straight rye whiskey has historically been subdivided into regional styles, which differ in the rye content of the mash and subsequent flavor profiles. Typically, the more rye in the mash bill, the spicier the whiskey should be, aging notwithstanding.

Maryland-style, for example, historically contained 65-70% rye and 30-35% corn in the mash bill, and generally had a sweet flavor. Pennsylvania-style, also called Monongahela rye, conversely, was traditionally made with a very high percentage of rye in its mash bill, upwards of 95%, and is generally spicier.{{cite news |last= Micallef |first= Joseph V |title= Ten Exceptional Rye Whiskey Values That You Have Probably Never Heard Of |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/joemicallef/2019/11/09/ten-exceptional-rye-whiskey-values-that-you-have-probably-never-heard-of/?sh=52b575562bf3 |access-date= 2023-11-19 |work= Forbes |date=November 9, 2019}}

Kentucky-style rye is characterized by even sweeter profile than Maryland-style, as its mash bill is normally 51-55% rye, only slightly to the minimum required for a straight rye, with the remaining grains being a mix of corn and malted barley. Because of its relatively low rye content, it is comparable to high-rye bourbons.{{cite news |last= White |first= Olivia |title= All the Different Styles of Rye, Explained |url= https://vinepair.com/articles/styles-of-rye-explained/ |work= VinePair |date=November 16, 2022}}

With the decline of straight rye whiskey after Prohibition, and the subsequent closure of large distilleries in Maryland and Pennsylvania, the historic distinctions were mostly lost, though the 21st century revival of American straight rye has seen modern producers describe their productions in terms of these historic styles.

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{{Main|Canadian whisky}}

Canadian whisky is often referred to as "rye whisky" because historically much of the content was from rye. There is no requirement for rye to be used to make Canadian whisky, and the labels "Canadian whisky", "Canadian rye whisky" and "Rye whisky" are all legally permitted, regardless of the actual composition, provided the whiskies "possess the aroma, taste and character generally attributed to Canadian whisky".{{cite web |url= http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/F-27/C.R.C.-c.870/section-B.02.020.html |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120709161352/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/F-27/C.R.C.-c.870/section-B.02.020.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-09 |title=Canadian Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870) - Canadian Whisky, Canadian Rye Whisky or Rye Whisky (B.02.020) |website=Laws.justice.gc.ca |access-date=2013-04-12}}

In modern practice, most Canadian whiskies are blended to achieve this character, primarily consisting of a high-proof base whisky typically made from corn or wheat and aged in used barrels combined with a small amount of flavoring whisky made from a rye mash and distilled to a lower proof. In some cases, the corn-to-rye ratio may be as high as 9:1.{{cite web | url= http://www.agr.gc.ca/mad-dam/index_e.php?s1=pubs&s2=bi&s3=php&page=bulletin_19_08_2006-06-02 | title= Rye: Situation and Outlook | work= Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Bi-Weekly Bulletin, AAFC No. 2081/E | date= 2006-06-02 | volume= 19 | number= 8 | issn= 1494-1805 | publisher= Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada | via= agr.gc.ca | access-date= 2013-04-12 | archive-date= 2012-02-06 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120206195636/http://www.agr.gc.ca/mad-dam/index_e.php?s1=pubs&s2=bi&s3=php&page=bulletin_19_08_2006-06-02 | url-status= dead }} There are a few exceptions, such as Alberta Premium and Canadian Club Chairman's Select, which are made from 100% rye mash.{{Cite web|url=https://www.alcoholprofessor.com/blog-posts/alberta-premium-us|title=Alberta Premium Is Finally Available in the US & Why It Matters|date=6 July 2022|website=The Alcohol Professor}}

Canadian whisky must be aged in wooden barrels that are not larger than {{convert|700|L|0}} for at least three years, and the barrels do not have to be new oak or charred. This requirement differs from regulations for U.S. blended whiskey, in which the bulk base spirits are not required to be aged.

Scotch whisky distillers were using rye as a mash ingredient for grain whisky in the 18th century. By the 2020s, tariffs on biogas producers had led to an increase in availability of the grain, leading modern distilleries to begin experimenting with the new raw material.{{cite news |last1=McCormick |first1=Jonny |title=Scottish Distillers Are Making Rye Whisky—Sort Of |url=https://www.whiskyadvocate.com/scottish-distillers-making-rye-whisky/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |agency=Whisky Advocate |date=April 17, 2018}}

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