:SS Valbanera
{{short description|Spanish steam ship wrecked in Florida, US}}
| {{Infobox ship begin|display title= |infobox caption=Valbanera}}
{{Infobox ship image |Ship image= Valbanera in dry dock in Barcelona.jpg |Ship caption=Valbanera in a Barcelona dry dock }} {{Infobox ship career |Ship country=Spain |Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Spain|civil-1785}} |Hide header= |Ship name=Valbanera |Ship owner= Pinillos, Izquierdo & Co. |Ship operator= |Ship registry= |Ship homeport=*Cadiz |Ship route=Spain to Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Gulf Coast |Ship ordered= |Ship builder= Charles Connell & Co., Scotstoun |Ship original cost= |Ship yard number=309 |Ship way number= |Ship laid down= |Ship launched=31 October 1906 |Ship completed= |Ship christened= |Ship acquired= |Ship maiden voyage= |Ship in service= |Ship out of service= |Ship identification=*Call sign JTHC
|Ship fate=Sank, 9 September 1919 |Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class= |Ship type=Passenger-cargo ship |Ship tonnage=*{{GRT|5099}}
|Ship displacement= |Ship length={{convert|399.7|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship beam={{convert|48.0|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship height= |Ship draught= |Ship draft= |Ship depth={{convert|21.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship decks= |Ship deck clearance= |Ship ramps= |Ship power=444 Nhp |Ship propulsion=*Dunsmuir & Jackson 3-cylinder triple expansion |Ship speed={{convert|12|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}} |Ship capacity=c. 1,200 passengers |Ship crew= 88 |Ship notes= }} |
Valbanera was a steamship operated by the Pinillos Line of Spain from 1905 until 1919, when she sank in a hurricane with the loss of all 488 crew and passengers aboard. Valbanera was a {{convert|400|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} steamer capable of carrying close to 1,200 passengers.{{sfn|Barnette|2008|p=21}} She sailed a regular route between Spain and Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Gulf Coast of the United States. The ship sank with the loss of all 488 people on board during the Florida Keys Hurricane in September 1919.
Sinking
In the summer of 1919 the ship left the Canary Islands after earlier calling at several ports in Spain, loaded with cargo and 1,142 passengers, mostly immigrants to Cuba, and 88 crew members. Although most of the passengers were booked for Havana, 749 left the ship when it called at Santiago de Cuba on September 5. The 1919 Florida Keys Hurricane hit Havana on September 8, before Valbanera reached the port. She was unable to enter the harbor, and signalled she would move away from shore to ride out the storm.{{sfn|Barnette|2008|p=22}}
On September 13, the Cuban consul in Key West contacted the commandant of the United States Navy base in Key West concerning rumors that Valbanera had sunk. Radio operators at the base reported hearing Valbanera in contact with the Morro Castle radio station in Havana on September 12, but further investigation indicated that they had probably mistaken the call letters for Infante Isabel, ECY, which had been in contact with Morro Castle, for the call letters for Valbanera, ECV. The last confirmed radio communication with Valbanera had been on September 9. The U.S. Navy submarine chaser {{USS|SC-320}} spotted a submerged wreck with just the masts above water in the vicinity of Rebecca Shoal (about {{convert|45|mi}} west of Key West) on September 12, but identified it as a two-masted schooner. Two other Navy ships passing the area on September 13 did not notice anything of a wreck. Another sub chaser sent out on September 16 returned the next day with confirmation that a large ship was wrecked on Half Moon Shoal. On September 19 Coast Guard cutter Tuscarora and sub chaser 203 were able to see the name Valbanera on the wreck. The next day the officer who had reported the wrecked schooner on September 12 confirmed that he had seen Valbanera. The wreck was {{convert|6|mi|km}} east of Rebecca Shoal, with just the masts and a couple of lifeboats above the water. There were 488 passengers and crew on Valbanera when she sank. No bodies were seen or recovered.{{cite journal |last=Decker|first= Benton C.|date= Spring 2005 |title=Loss of the Spanish Steamship Valbanera|journal= Florida Keys Sea Heritage Journal|volume= 15 |issue=3 |pages=14–15 |url=http://keywestmaritime.org/journal/v15-3_2005-spring.pdf|accessdate= May 25, 2021}}
{{cite news |title= Decker is Convinced Wreck is Valbanera| last=The New York Times|author-link=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1919/09/21/archives/decker-is-convinced-wreck-is-valbanera-admiral-examines-sunken.html?mtrref=www.google.co.jp&gwh=A977845A6C3AF2666B408CB4F2FD9201&gwt=pay|newspaper=The New York Times|location=New York|issn=1553-8095|oclc=1645522 |date=September 21, 1919 |page=22 |accessdate= May 25, 2021}}
Legacy
"After the Storm", a short story by Ernest Hemingway, was based on a tale he had heard about an attempt to salvage goods from the Valbanera.{{Cite book|last=Reynolds|first=Michael S.|title=Hemingway: The 1930s|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=1998|isbn=9780393317787|location=New York|pages=86}}
Notes
{{reflist|20em}}
References
- {{cite book |last=Barnette|first=Michael C. | author-link = Michael C. Barnette| title = Florida's Shipwrecks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9rCexEYazUC&dq=valbanera&pg=PA6 |year=2008| publisher = Arcadia Publishing| isbn= 9780738554136|pages=127}}
Further reading
- {{Cite journal|last=Soto Rodríguez|first=José Ramón|date=December 2007|title=La Pérdida del Valbanera|url=https://armada.defensa.gob.es/archivo/rgm/2007/200712.pdf|journal=Revista general de marina|language=Spanish|volume=253|pages=889–904|issn=0034-9569|via=DIALNet}}
{{Coord|24.5737|-82.4939|display=title}}
{{1919 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Valbanera}}
Category:Passenger ships of Spain
Category:Maritime incidents in 1919
Category:Shipwrecks of the Florida Keys