:Shin'ichirō Tomonaga

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Shin'ichirō Tomonaga

| image = Tomonaga.jpg

| caption = Tomonaga in 1965

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1906|3|31}}

| birth_place = Tokyo, Japan

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1979|7|8|1906|3|31}}

| death_place = Tokyo, Japan

| fields = Theoretical physics

| workplaces = Leipzig University
Institute for Advanced Study
Tokyo University of Education
RIKEN
University of Tokyo

| alma_mater = Kyoto Imperial University

| doctoral_advisor =

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| notable_students =

| known_for = Quantum electrodynamics
Schwinger–Tomonaga equation
Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid

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| influences =

| influenced =

| awards = {{no wrap|Asahi Prize (1946)
Lomonosov Gold Medal (1964)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1965)}}

| signature =

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}}

{{nihongo|Shinichiro TomonagaFor this spelling see: Shigeru Nakayama, Kunio Gotō, Hitoshi Yoshioka (eds.), A Social History of Science and Technology in Contemporary Japan: Road to self-reliance 1952-1959, Trans Pacific Press, 2005, p. 723.|朝永振一郎|Tomonaga Shin'ichirō|extra=March 31, 1906 – July 8, 1979}}, usually cited as Sin-Itiro Tomonaga in English,{{cite book |last=Schweber |first=S. S. |author-link=S. S. Schweber |title=QED and the Men Who Made It: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga |year=1994 |page=[https://archive.org/details/qedmenwhomadeitd0000schw/page/252 252] |isbn=9780691033273 |url=https://archive.org/details/qedmenwhomadeitd0000schw/page/252 |publisher=Princeton University Press }}. was a Japanese physicist, influential in the development of quantum electrodynamics, work for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965{{cite journal|author=Hayakawa, Satio|title=Obituary: Sin-itiro Tomonaga|journal=Physics Today|date=December 1979|volume=32|issue=12|pages=66–68|doi=10.1063/1.2995326|bibcode=1979PhT....32l..66H|doi-access=free}} along with Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger.

Biography

Tomonaga was born in Tokyo in 1906. He was the second child and eldest son of a Japanese philosopher, Tomonaga Sanjūrō. He entered the Kyoto Imperial University in 1926. Hideki Yukawa, also a Nobel laureate, was one of his classmates during undergraduate school. During graduate school at the same university, he worked as an assistant in the university for three years. In 1931, after graduate school, he joined Nishina's group in RIKEN. In 1937, while working at Leipzig University (Leipzig), he collaborated with the research group of Werner Heisenberg. Two years later, he returned to Japan due to the outbreak of the Second World War, but finished his doctoral degree (Dissertation PhD from University of Tokyo) on the study of nuclear materials with his thesis on work he had done while in Leipzig.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/tomonaga-bio.html|title=Sin-Itiro Tomonaga - Biographical|website=www.nobelprize.org|access-date=2018-01-03}}

In Japan, he was appointed to a professorship in the Tokyo University of Education (a forerunner of Tsukuba University). During the war he studied the magnetron, meson theory, and his super-many-time theory. In 1948, he and his students re-examined a 1939 paper by Sidney Dancoff that attempted, but failed, to show that the infinite quantities that arise in quantum electrodynamics (QED) can be canceled with each other. Tomonaga applied his super-many-time theory and a relativistic method based on the non-relativistic method of Wolfgang Pauli and Fierz to greatly speed up and clarify the calculations. Then he and his students found that Dancoff had overlooked one term in the perturbation series. With this term, the theory gave finite results; thus Tomonaga discovered the renormalization method independently of Julian Schwinger and calculated physical quantities such as the Lamb shift at the same time.

In 1949, he was invited by Robert Oppenheimer to work at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. He studied a many-body problem on the collective oscillations of a quantum-mechanical system. In the following year, he returned to Japan and proposed the Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid. In 1955, he took the leadership in establishing the Institute for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo. In 1965, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, with Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman, for the study of QED, specifically for the discovery of the renormalization method. He died of throat cancer in Tokyo in 1979.

Tomonaga was married in 1940 to Ryōko Sekiguchi. They had two sons and one daughter. He was awarded the Order of Culture in 1952, and the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun in 1976.

In recognition of three Nobel laureates' contributions, the bronze statues of Shin'ichirō Tomonaga, Leo Esaki, and Makoto Kobayashi was set up in the Central Park of Azuma 2 in Tsukuba City in 2015.[http://mainichi.jp/feature/news/m20150316ddlk08040111000c.html ノーベル賞:江崎、小林、朝永氏の銅像やレリーフ設置　完成記念式でお披露目　「子どもが夢を」−−つくば・中央公園　／茨城 - 毎日新聞] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424074404/http://mainichi.jp/feature/news/m20150316ddlk08040111000c.html |date=2015-04-24 }}

Recognition

1946 – Asahi Prize
1948 – Japan Academy Prize
1951 – Member of the Japan Academy
1952 – Order of Culture
1964 – Lomonosov Gold Medal
1965 – Nobel Prize in Physics
1965 – elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences{{Cite web |title=Sin-itiro Tomonaga |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001858.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=www.nasonline.org}}
1966 – elected to the American Philosophical Society{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Shinichiro+Tomonaga&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}
1967 – Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
1975 – elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences{{Cite web |title=Sin-itiro Tomonaga |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/sin-itiro-tomonaga |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}

Selected publications

=Books=

{{Cite book |last=Tomonaga |first=Sin-Itiro |others=Oka, Takeshi (trans.) |title=The Story of Spin |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=he9sANipCj8C |isbn=0-226-80794-0}}

=Articles=

Tomonaga, S. "On a Relativistically Invariant Formulation of the Quantum Theory of Wave Fields." Prog. Theor. Phys. 1, 27–42 (1946).
Koba, Z., Tati, T. and Tomonaga, S. "On a Relativistically Invariant Formulation of the Quantum Theory of Wave Fields. II." Prog. Theor. Phys. 2, 101–116 (1947).
Koba, Z., Tati, T. and Tomonaga, S. "On a Relativistically Invariant Formulation of the Quantum Theory of Wave Fields. III." Prog. Theor. Phys. 2, 198–208 (1947).
Kanesawa, S. and Tomonaga, S. "On a Relativistically Invariant Formulation of the Quantum Theory of Wave Fields. IV." Prog. Theor. Phys. 3, 1–13 (1948).
Kanesawa, S. and Tomonaga, S. "On a Relativistically Invariant Formulation of the Quantum Theory of Wave Fields. V." Prog. Theor. Phys. 3, 101–113 (1948).
Koba, Z. and Tomonaga, S. "On Radiation Reactions in Collision Processes. I." Prog. Theor. Phys. 3, 290–303 (1948).
Tomonaga, S. and Oppenheimer, J. R. "On Infinite Field Reactions in Quantum Field Theory." Phys. Rev. 74, 224–225 (1948).

References

External links

{{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, May 6, 1966 Development of Quantum Electrodynamics
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060316092917/http://physics.nobel.brainparad.com/shinitiro_tomonaga.html Shinichiro Tomonaga]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20051124062410/http://holiker.narod.ru/five/tomonaga-lecture.html Fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles.]

Category:1906 births

Category:1979 deaths

Category:Japanese physicists

Category:Kyoto University alumni

Category:Nobel laureates in Physics

Category:Japanese Nobel laureates

Category:Academic staff of Leipzig University

Category:Recipients of the Order of Culture

Category:Japanese theoretical physicists

Category:Foreign members of the USSR Academy of Sciences

Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences

Category:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars