:Socialist Forces Front

{{Infobox political party

| colorcode = {{party color|Socialist Forces Front}}

| name = Socialist Forces Front

| native_name = {{unbulletedlist| |{{noitalic|{{langx|ar|جبهة القوى الاشتراكية}}}}}}

| logo = Logo of the Socialist Forces Front.svg

| flag = Flag of the Socialist Forces Front (2023).jpg

| abbreviation = FFS

| leader1_title = First National Secretary

| leader1_name = Youcef Aouchiche

| leader2_title =

| leader2_name =

| founder = Hocine Aït Ahmed

| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1963|9|29}}

| split = FLN

| headquarters = Algiers, Algeria

| ideology = Democratic socialism {{unbulletedlist|Social democracy|Secularism}}

| position = Centre-left to left-wing

| national = Forces of the Democratic Alternative (2019–2020)

| international = {{unbulletedlist|Progressive Alliance|Socialist International}}

| seats1_title = Council of the Nation

| seats1 = {{Composition bar|4|144|hex={{party color|Socialist Forces Front}}}}

| legalised = 1990

| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Socialist Forces Front}}|border=darkgray}} Blue

| website = {{URL|http://www.ffs.dz/|www.ffs.dz}}

| country = Algeria

| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|407|hex={{party color|Socialist Forces Front}}}}

| seats2_title = People's National Assembly

| seats3 = {{Composition bar|63|2004|hex={{party color|Socialist Forces Front}}}}

| seats3_title = People's Provincial Assemblies

| seats4 = {{Composition bar|64|1540|hex={{party color|Socialist Forces Front}}}}

| seats4_title = Municipalities

| seats5 = {{Composition bar|897|24786|hex={{party color|Socialist Forces Front}}}}

| seats5_title = People's Municipal Assemblies

}}

The Socialist Forces Front ({{Langx|ar|جبهة القوى الاشتراكية}}; {{Langx|ber|Tirni n (Y)iɣallen Inemlayen}}) is a social democratic and secularist political party, mainly supported by Berbers in Algeria. The FFS is a member of the Socialist International and the Progressive Alliance. It led an unsuccessful rebellion against the Algerian government from 1963 to 1964.

History and profile

=Establishment and rebellion (1963)=

The party was formed by Hocine Aït Ahmed on 29 September 1963{{cite book|author=Augustus Richard Norton|title=Civil society in the Middle East. 2 (2001)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k61qG1OlLl4C&pg=PA83|access-date=13 September 2014|year=2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-10469-0|page=83|archive-date=21 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521151515/https://books.google.com/books?id=k61qG1OlLl4C&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Leftist Parties of Algeria|url=http://www.broadleft.org/dz.htm|publisher=Broad Left|access-date=7 May 2016|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010003912/http://www.broadleft.org/dz.htm|url-status=dead}} in the city of Tizi Ouzou to oppose Ben Bella's government. Following the party's creation, Aït Ahmed began an armed rebellion and captured a number of towns in Kabylia. The Ben Bella government, aided by the National Liberation Army, swiftly took control of the dissident towns during a mostly bloodless confrontation. The FFS rebels were not supported by the people and were pushed into the mountains by the government's army.{{Cite book |last1=SSSR) |first1=Institut Afriki (Akademii͡a nauk |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AfcEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA84 |title=A History of Africa 1918-1967 |last2=Smirnov |first2=Sergeĭ Rufovich |date=1968 |publisher="Nauka" Publishing House |language=en}} Preferring to avoid direct conflict, the FFS and its soldiers retracted into the mountains from where they could launch guerrilla tactics. The rebellion was defeated in 1964 and Hocine Aït Ahmed was arrested and sentenced to death.

The 1963 conflict resulted in 10 months of armed confrontation in the region, leaving more than four hundred dead, and most of the FLN leaders from Kabylia and the eastern provinces were either executed or forced into exile.{{Cite book|title=Émeutes et Mouvements sociaux au Maghreb|last1=Le Saout|first1=Didier|last2=Rollinde|first2=Marguerite|publisher=Karthala|year=1999|isbn=978-2-865-37998-9|pages=46}} Hocine Aït Ahmed escaped prison in 1966 and fled to Switzerland.

=Party legalization (1990)=

The party was legalised in 1990. It however boycotted the 2002 and 2007 legislative elections and the 2009 presidential election "calling it systematic electoral fraud in favour of the ruling parties".[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2012/03/02/97001-20120302FILWWW00472-algerie-le-ffs-ira-aux-legislatives.php "Algérie : le FFS ira aux législatives"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106044232/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2012/03/02/97001-20120302FILWWW00472-algerie-le-ffs-ira-aux-legislatives.php |date=6 November 2014 }}. Le Figaro. Retrieved on 10 May 2012.

= 2012 legislative election =

Though former Prime Minister Sid Ahmed Ghozali urged a boycott on the grounds that the election would be "a foregone conclusion",[http://www.siwel.info/Le-FFS-ira-aux-elections-le-boycott-du-prochain-scrutin-ne-constitue-pas-un-meilleur-choix-que-la-participation_a2994.html Le FFS ira aux élections : « le boycott du prochain scrutin ne constitue pas un meilleur choix que la participation »] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424215831/http://www.siwel.info/Le-FFS-ira-aux-elections-le-boycott-du-prochain-scrutin-ne-constitue-pas-un-meilleur-choix-que-la-participation_a2994.html|date=24 April 2012}}. Siwel.info. Retrieved on 10 May 2012. the party decided to participate in the 2012 legislative election. Apart from international monitors being invited to observe the process, Algerian Workers' Party leader Louisa Hanoune, a quite successful candidate in the 2009 presidential elections, had announced to work towards an alliance of the two parties.[http://www.lexpressiondz.com/actualite/149195-louisa-hanoune-candidate-a-alger.html L'Expression – Le Quotidien – Louisa Hanoune candidate à Alger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106004413/http://www.lexpressiondz.com/actualite/149195-louisa-hanoune-candidate-a-alger.html |date=6 November 2014 }}. Lexpressiondz.com. Retrieved on 10 May 2012.

Hocine Aït Ahmed wrote to the Council of the Nation saying that "participation in these elections is a tactical necessity for the FFS, which falls in line with (its) construction strategy of peaceful democratic alternative to this despotic regime, corrupt and destructive. [The purpose of the party] does not lie in a quota of seats to reach [but] in mobilising political[ly] and peaceful[ly] in our party and our people." With an electoral result of mere 2.47%, the party reached 27 seats making it the second-largest opposition power after the Islamist Green Algeria Alliance.