:Template:Infobox silicon

{{Infobox element

|name =silicon

|symbol =Si

|Z =14

|number =14

|appearance=crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces

|image name=SiliconCroda.jpg

|abundance=

|abundance in earth's crust=

|abundance in oceans=

|abundance in solar system=

|left=aluminium

|right=phosphorus

|above=C

|below=Ge

|electrons per shell=2, 8, 4

|phase=

|phase comment=

|density=2.329085 g/cm3

|density conditions=(at 20° C)

|density gplstp=

|density gpcm3nrt=

|density gpcm3nrt 2=

|density gpcm3mp=2.57

|melting point K=1687

|melting point C=1414

|melting point F=2577

|boiling point K=3538

|boiling point C=3265

|boiling point F=5909

|triple point K=

|triple point kPa=

|critical point K=

|critical point MPa=

|heat fusion=50.21

|heat fusion 2=

|heat vaporization=383

|heat capacity=19.789

|vapor pressure 1=1908

|vapor pressure 10=2102

|vapor pressure 100=2339

|vapor pressure 1 k=2636

|vapor pressure 10 k=3021

|vapor pressure 100 k=3537

|vapor pressure comment=

|crystal structure=diamond cubic

|crystal structure Pearson symbol=cF8

|lattice constant=a = 543.0986 pm (at 20 °C){{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}

|electronegativity=1.90

|number of ionization energies=4

|ionization energy 1=786.5

|ionization energy 2=1577.1

|ionization energy 3=3231.6

|atomic radius=111

|atomic radius calculated=

|covalent radius=111

|Van der Waals radius=210

|magnetic ordering=diamagnetic

|magnetic ordering ref=[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}

|electrical resistivity=

|electrical resistivity at 0=

|electrical resistivity at 20=2.3{{e|3}}

|electrical resistivity at 20 ref={{cite book|author=Eranna, Golla |title=Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bo6ZBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|date=2014|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4822-3281-3|page=7}}

|thermal conductivity=149

|thermal conductivity 2=

|thermal diffusivity=

|thermal expansion=

|thermal expansion comment={{val|2.556|e=−6}}/K (at 20 °C)

|thermal expansion at 25=

|speed of sound=

|speed of sound rod at 20=8433

|speed of sound rod at r.t.=

|magnetic susceptibility= {{val|−3.9|e=−6}}

|magnetic susceptibility ref= (298 K){{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}

|Young's modulus=130–188

|Young's modulus ref={{cite journal

|doi=10.1109/JMEMS.2009.2039697|title=What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?

|year=2010

|last1=Hopcroft|first1=Matthew A.|last2=Nix|first2=William D.|last3=Kenny|first3=Thomas W.

|journal=Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems|volume=19|issue=2|pages=229

|url=http://silicon.reddogresearch.com/}}

|Shear modulus=51–80

|Shear modulus ref=

|Bulk modulus=97.6

|Bulk modulus ref=

|Poisson ratio=0.064–0.28

|Poisson ratio ref=

|Mohs hardness=6.5

|Vickers hardness=

|Brinell hardness=

|CAS number=7440-21-3

|band gap=1.12

|predicted by=Antoine Lavoisier

|prediction date=1787

|discovery and first isolation by=Jöns Jacob Berzelius{{cite journal|title=The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum|last=Weeks|first=Mary Elvira|author-link=Mary Elvira Weeks|year=1932|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|volume=9|issue=8|pages=1386–1412|bibcode=1932JChEd...9.1386W |doi=10.1021/ed009p1386 }}{{cite journal| year=2007| journal=Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry| doi=10.1134/S1070427207120397|title=Silicon era|last1=Voronkov|first1=M. G.|volume=80|page=2190| issue=12}}

|discovery date=1823

|naming=after Latin {{lang|la|silex}} or {{lang|la|silicis}}, meaning 'flint'

|named by= Thomas Thomson

|named date=1817

|history comment label=

|history comment=

|QID=Q670

}}

{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Si}}

{{Template reference list}}

Two of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

  • for the source by Eranna
  • for the source by Hopcroft

{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}

Category:Templates that generate named references