:Tetrazene explosive
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| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 432243463
| ImageFile = 1(5-tetrazolyl)-4-guanyl tetrazene hydrate.svg
| ImageAlt = Structural formula
| ImageFile1 = Tetrazene-explosive-3D-balls.png
| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model
| IUPACName = 1-(5-tetrazolyl)-3-guanyl tetrazene hydrate
| OtherNames = Tetracene{{cite web | title=MIL-T-46938C, MILITARY SPECIFICATION: TETRACENE | url=http://www.everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS/MIL-SPECS-MIL-T/MIL-T-46938C_14978/ | format=PDF | publisher=United States Department of Defense | date=16 May 1994 }}
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| index2_label = (anhydrous)
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 31330-63-9
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2 = 776249-85-5
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = U3EB9RU4TD
| PubChem = 5486788
| SMILES = N=C(N)N(N)/N=N/C1=NNN=N1
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C2H6N10·H2O
| MolarMass = 188.15 g/mol
| Appearance = Pale yellow/colorless crystal plates
| Density = 1.7 g/cm3
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt = Decomposes at
| BoilingPtC = 160
| Solubility = }}
|Section6={{Chembox Explosive
| ShockSens = High
| FrictionSens = High
| DetonationV = ~4000 m/s
| REFactor = }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt = }}
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Tetrazene (1-(5-tetrazolyl)-3-guanyl tetrazene hydrate){{ cite journal | last = Duke | first = J. R. C. | title = X-Ray crystal and molecular structure of 'tetrazene', ('Tetracene'), C2H8N10O | journal = Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical Communications | year = 1971 | volume = 1971 | issue = 1 | pages = 2–3 | doi = 10.1039/C29710000002 }} is an explosive material used for sensitization of priming compositions. It is a derivative of the compound with the IUPAC name tetrazene.
Tetrazene is slightly more impact-sensitive than mercury fulminate. When pressed enough, its sensitivity is reduced or destroyed; this is known as dead pressing. It also decomposes in boiling water. In contact with fire, it readily explodes, producing large amounts of black smoke. It is prepared by reacting sodium nitrite with an aminoguanidine salt dissolved in acetic acid at 30–40 °C.
Reactions
=Decomposition=
The decomposition of tetrazene is quite rapid around 90 °C. A sample of tetrazene was heated in an oven at 90 °C and its rate of thermal decomposition was monitored by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy.{{ cite web |author1=Bird, R. |author2=Power, A. | publisher = Department of Defence | location = Melbourne, Victoria | title = Thermal Decomposition of Tetrazene at 90°C | year = 1978 | id = MRL-R-710 AR-000-886 | url = http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a056265.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140429080205/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a056265.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = April 29, 2014 }} The thermal decomposition reaction is autocatalytic and it is likely that the same reaction can occur at even lower temperatures, however at much slower rates.
=Sensitivity to friction=
Many explosives are considered to be highly sensitive to mechanical stimuli such as impact, friction, stab, heat, static electricity, flame, etc. Since explosive compounds are subject to friction practically every time they are handled, it is of particular interest to be aware of the sensitivity to friction. The sensitivity of tetrazene was determined using a FSKM-PEx friction sensitivity tester.{{cite journal |author1=Matyáš, R. |author2=Šelešovský, J. |author3=Musil, T. | title = Sensitivity to friction for Primary Explosives | journal = Journal of Hazardous Materials | year = 2012 | volume = 213–214 | pages = 236–41 | pmid = 22349715 | doi = 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.085 |bibcode=2012JHzM..213..236M }} The probability of ignition of tetrazene is 100 percent likely at 27N of frictional force.
Hazards
Instances of occupational rhinitis, dermatitis, and asthma have been reported due to prolonged exposure to tetrazene.{{ cite journal |author1=Burge, P. S. |author2=Hendy, M. |author3=Hodgson, E. S. | title = Occupational asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis due to tetrazene in a detonator manufacturer | journal = Thorax | year = 1984 | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 470–1 | pmid = 6235620 | pmc = 459834 | doi=10.1136/thx.39.6.470}}
References
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