:The Hankyoreh

The newspaper was originally established as Hankyoreh Shinmun ({{korean|hangul=한겨레신문|labels=no}}) on 15 May 1988 by ex-journalists from The Dong-a Ilbo and The Chosun Ilbo. At the time, government censors were in every newsroom, newspaper content was virtually dictated by the Ministry of Culture and Information, and newspapers had nearly the same articles on every page.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/13/world/korea-s-road-to-democracy-paved-with-contrary-legacy.html?scp=17&sq=hankyoreh&st=cse&pagewanted=2 |title=Korea's Road to Democracy Paved With Contrary Legacy |work=The New York Times |date=1989-03-13 |access-date=2011-11-20}} The Hankyoreh was intended to provide an independent, left-leaning and liberal-nationalist alternative to mainstream newspapers regarded as blindly pro-business and opposed to national reunification. To underscore its patriotism and its break with tradition, The Hankyoreh became the first daily to completely reject the use of hanja and use only hangul; it continues to make only limited use of the Latin alphabet and limits the use of loanwords. It was also the first newspaper in Korea to be printed horizontally instead of vertically.

The Hankyoreh is the most critical of Japan among major South Korean media outlets. On October 7, 2016, it published article arguing that South Korea's anti-Japanese and Japan's anti-Korean sentiments were completely different, and that it was wrong to conflate the two. In particular, the newspaper argues that Korea's anti-Japan does not lead to hate crimes against the Japanese, and is a legitimate emotion of the country.{{cite web|title=일본의 혐한, 한국의 반일 |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/international/japan/764637.html |publisher=Hankyoreh|date=2016-10-07|access-date=2022-01-22}} However, the newspaper has criticized xenophobia against the Japanese living in Korea {{Clarify span|rather than|date=June 2023}} conservative media.{{cite web|title=한일 공존의 새싹이 자란다 |trans-title=Sprouts of coexistence between the Koreans and the Japanese are growing [in South Korea] |url=http://legacy.h21.hani.co.kr/section-021003000/2006/08/021003000200608170623021.html |publisher=Hankyoreh|date=2006-08-17|access-date=2022-01-22}} The Hankyoreh is known as the most pro-European media in South Korea. When Britain decided on Brexit, The Hankyoreh criticized Britain's move.{{cite web|title=유럽을 위기로 몰아넣는 영국의 선택 |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/opinion/editorial/749604.html |publisher= Hankyoreh|date=2016-06-24|access-date=2021-12-26}}

On the conflictual nature of the territorial sovereignty of the Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo in Korean, Takeshima in Japanese), although exceeded by The Chosun Ilbo in its coverage, The Hankyoreh{{'s}} coverage has been described in "A Comparative Analysis of News Coverage of Dokdo Island" by Yoon Youngchul and E. Gwangho as reflecting the foreign policy interest of South Korea versus Japan.{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/24757.html |title=Let's Shame Japan on the International Stage |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/section-001100000/2005/02/001100000200502250247001.html |title=Japan's Shameless Provocation in foreign policy |language=ko |publisher=Hani.co.kr |date=2005-02-25 |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/section-001100000/2005/02/001100000200502250247001.html |title=Japan Trying to Ruin Relations? |language=ko |publisher=Hani.co.kr |date=2005-02-25 |access-date=2011-11-20}}[http://www.ekoreajournal.net/upload/html/HTML42413.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614034948/http://www.ekoreajournal.net/upload/html/HTML42413.html|date=June 14, 2011}}

In line with the newspaper's nationalism and aspirations for reunification, its reporting of inter-Korean and East Asian affairs is based on its editorial policy seeking reconciliation, stability and peaceful co-prosperity through dialogue rather than pressure on the government of North Korea. In terms of national affairs, Cheongwadae, Office of the President, studies on the editorial policies of South Korean newspapers have found that The Hankyoreh, which published its first issue early in the Roh Tae-woo administration, has shown little fluctuation from administration to administration.{{cite web|url=http://16cwd.pa.go.kr/cwd/en/archive/archive_view.php?meta_id=en_press_release&id=923b7455acffde2d3ca835fe |title=Cheongwadae, Office of the President, Republic of Korea |publisher=16cwd.pa.go.kr |date=2007-02-26 |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_entertainment/335460.html |title=New Year in North Korea |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/335469.html |title=Kim Jong-il's growing interest in progress at the six-party talks |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}} The Hankyoreh also runs a "Hankyoreh Foundation for Reunification and Culture" as a forum for advocacy of peace and reunification on the Korean peninsula.{{cite web|url=http://www.koreahana.net/ |title=Hankyoreh Foundation for Reunification and Culture |publisher=Koreahana.net |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web |url=http://seoul.usembassy.gov/113_112506.htm |access-date=2023-05-08 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719123158/http://seoul.usembassy.gov/113_112506.htm |title=Archived}} Notwithstanding the newspaper's support for democracy, human rights, and free speech in South Korea, in June 2009, The Hankyoreh described the arrest and imprisonment of two US journalists in North Korea, condemned by Reporters Without Borders, as a sham trial,{{cite web|url=http://www.rsf.org/American-reporters-get-very-severe.html|title=American reporters get "very severe" 12-year sentences designed to scare all foreign journalists|publisher=Rsf.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611211518/http://www.rsf.org/American-reporters-get-very-severe.html|archive-date=June 11, 2009|url-status=dead|access-date=April 23, 2018|df=mdy-all}} as a "not entirely negative signal" of North Korea's openness to communicate.{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/359391.html |title=N. Korea's sentencing of two U.S. journalists may signal the possibility of talks |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}

Other legacies of its early dissident history include a strong emphasis on human rights in South Korea, a position it continues to hold today{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/354903.html |title=Police's irrational response against civil society |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_opinion/335728.html |title=S. Korea's duty to protect the rights of all citizens |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/300880.html |title=Asian human rights organizations criticize S. Korea for violations |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}} together with several international organizations have criticized South Korea for its retreat in democracy, human rights and press freedom.{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA25/005/2009/en|title=Document|website=www.amnesty.org|date=April 28, 2009 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.ajanews.asia/c_wfpd.jsp|title=World Press Freedom Day|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719171658/http://www.ajanews.asia/c_wfpd.jsp|archive-date=July 19, 2009|url-status=usurped|access-date=April 23, 2018}}{{cite web|url=http://www.forum-asia.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2280&Itemid=132 |title=Forum-Asia |publisher=Forum-Asia |access-date=2011-11-20}} The Hankyoreh{{'s}} advocacy of human rights also extends to North Koreans and tends to support normalization of relations with the U.S. and have been critical of approaches towards improving the situation by encouraging system collapse such as the Lefkowitz approach and absorption by South Korea or by encouraging defections.{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/84020.html |title=The Need to be Productive About NK Human Rights |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/section-001100000/2004/09/001100000200409300022001.html |title="NK Human Rights Bill" Has Hidden Dagger |language=ko |publisher=Hani.co.kr |date=2004-09-30 |access-date=2011-11-20}}

The Hankyoreh opposes censorship and wiretapping and encourages active debate on news that is circulated, and like many newspapers in South Korea, is opposed to circulation of graphic news content and took a strong stance in the instance of the video footage of Kim Sun-il's death in Iraq.{{cite web|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/section-001100000/2004/06/001100000200406260226001.html |title=Video Footage Defames the Deceased |language=ko |publisher=Hani.co.kr |date=2004-06-26 |access-date=2011-11-20}} It strongly endorsed the 2008 "mad cow protests" as a victory for "substantive democracy" over merely "procedural democracy."{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/292444.html |title=June Struggle, Candlelight Revolution |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}} It strongly encouraged coverage of the 2008 demonstrations and a greater understanding of "candlelight spirit" that academics are referring to as an emergence of a new social movement and form of democracy in South Korea that protests policy development on trade, liberalization of public education, the privatization of health, and the environmental consequences of a cross-country canal project without substantial public opinion gathering.{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr./arti/english_edution_/e_national/292645.html |title=Massive candlelight protests draw one million nationwide: National: Home |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/352309.html |title=[Forum] Professors say candlelight vigils mark the entrance of a new social movement in S. Korea: National: Home |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr./arti/english_edution_/e_national/315196.html |title=Civic groups unite to address broad range of social issues: National: Home |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr. |access-date=2011-11-20}}

The Hankyoreh has campaigned for higher standards of ethics in journalism since its founding and had initiated a campaign against journalists' taking bribes, which had been customary in the industry in South Korea until the late 1990s.{{cite web|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/media/287635.html |script-title=ko:'언론권력' 대해부 침묵 카르텔 깨: 미디어: 사회: 뉴스: 한겨레 |language=ko |publisher=Hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20|date=May 14, 2008 }}{{cite news|author=#{artist} |url=http://media.daum.net/society/media/view.html?cateid=1016&newsid=20031014040850450&p=ohmynews |title="부동산기자 1년 촌지 1000만원" | Daum 미디어다음 | newspaper=오마이뉴스 |language=ko|publisher=Media.daum.net |date=2003-10-14 |access-date=2011-11-20}}

The Hankyoreh has a fairly favorable view of feminism,{{cite news|url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1008420.html

|title=이대남을 화나게 한 '그 페미니즘' |trans-title="Feminism" that made Idaenam angry |work=Hankyoreh |date=25 December 2021 |access-date=10 January 2022}} LGBT rights, opposes discrimination against ethnic minorities and supports political correctness.{{cite news|url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/schooling/1017487.html

|title=흑형, 짱깨…친근함으로 위장된 차별 |trans-title=Black hyung, Jjangkkae{{nbsp}}... Discrimination disguised as familiarity |work=Hankyoreh |date=1 November 2021 |access-date=10 January 2022}} However, some editorials criticized political correctness.{{cite news|url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1008420.html

|title="정체성 정치, 공론장 무너뜨리는 사이비 정치"|trans-title=Identity politics, pseudo politics that destroys public opinion. |work=Hankyoreh |date=20 August 2021 |access-date=10 January 2022}} The Hankyoreh shows a favorable tone for the Democratic Party of Korea, but opposes their somewhat socially conservative approach to LGBT rights.{{cite web|title='성소수자 혐오' 판 깔아준 민주당|url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/assembly/1020858.html |publisher=Hankyoreh|date=25 November 2021|access-date=28 December 2021}}

The Hankyoreh has been critical of Korean big business and conglomerates that overwhelm the market,{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/popups/print.hani?ksn=261778 |title=Speaking for the chaebol |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}} the Korean university entrance system, widening income disparities in Korean society,{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/36852.html |title=Take rising poverty seriously |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}} while maintaining a generally favorable attitude towards organized labor,{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/popups/print.hani?ksn=262526 |title=Lee Myung-bak's indifference to the labor community |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/355642.html |title=Government's head-on collision with labor |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}} and the redistribution of income.{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/98795.html |title=Tax code must be fixed despite difficulties |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}

The Hankyoreh supported protectionism in the early days of its foundation, but now it is closer to the tone of support for free trade. The Hankyoreh described Joe Biden's protectionist policy in 2022 negatively, referring to the reactions of experts and European countries, and pointed out that it was "economic nationalism" (경제적 민족주의) similar to Donald Trump's.{{cite web | url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/international/america/1057452.html | title=트럼프 따라가는 바이든…동맹국 쥐어짜 미국 경제 수혈 | date=September 5, 2022 }}

The Hankyoreh departed from established convention by relying more on sales, periodic private donation campaigns,{{cite web|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/section-001100000/2005/06/001100000200506230234001.html |title=Tear-jerking donations |language=ko |publisher=Hani.co.kr |date=2005-06-23 |access-date=2011-11-20}} and the sale of stock, rather than advertising from major corporations to sustain itself.{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/73.htm |title=Country Studies South Korea- THE MEDIAsupra |publisher=Countrystudies.us |date=1987-06-29 |access-date=2011-11-20}} The newspaper currently has more than 60,000 citizen shareholders, none of whom have a more than one percent share. Core shareholders include students, professors, lawyers, writers, liberals and urban industrial workers. The company remains intentionally unlisted to avoid hostile takeover; it has also never shown three consecutive years of profit, one of the requirements for listing. Readership of the newspaper is evenly distributed between provinces and the major metropolitan areas, of which 63.2% were in their twenties and thirties, and 44.5% were college graduates. The Hankyoreh{{'s}} readership is mostly of low to middle class income.

After three decades in print, Its circulation of about 600,000 readers, puts it at one third the size of any of the three major dailies (The Chosun Ilbo, JoongAng Ilbo, and The Dong-a Ilbo), though still ahead of specialist economic dailies. It is the fourth largest newspaper in Korea. The Hankyoreh{{'s}} editorial content consists of strident criticism of the three major newspapers.{{refn|{{cite web|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/english/editorials_historic.html |title=About Us |language=ko |publisher=Hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_opinion/350071.html |title=A new horizon for satire from ". . . ilbo" |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/291261.html |title=A new role for the media |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/295928.html |title=Signs of the conservative media's fall |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/112623.html |title=DongA Ilbo Must Apologize |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/84332.html |title=Papers That Can't See the Logs in Their Eyes |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/294390.html |title=ChoJoongDong's irrational reply to netizens |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/139623.html |title=Chosun and JoongAng have no right to preach |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/292872.html |title=Candlelight protests elevate democratic principles |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}}} It has also endorsed boycott campaigns of companies that advertise in its competitors.{{cite web|url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2009061157558 |title=2 Progressive Dailies Under Fire for Supporting Ad Boycott |publisher=English.donga.com |access-date=2011-11-20}}

In 2009, The Hankyoreh joined Amnesty International, the Broadcaster Producers Association of Korea, and other civic groups in expressing concern over the atypical behavior exhibited by prosecutors in the detention of Korean TV channel MBC journalists and the attack on press freedom in South Korea.{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/346509.html |title=Lee Myung-bak administration presses against freedom of press: National: Home |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}} Although there has been controversy over distortions in MBC's reporting on US beef imports,{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/346913.html |title=Scientists protest prosecution's investigation into "PD Notebook": National: Home |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}} the arrest of journalists and the continued persecution of the press have been primary concerns for The Hankyoreh and other international journalist organizations.{{cite web|author=CPJ concerned by South Korean pressure on media |url=http://cpj.org/2009/05/cpj-concerned-by-south-korean-pressure-on-media.php |title=CPJ concerned by South Korean pressure on media – Committee to Protect Journalists |date=May 7, 2009 |publisher=Cpj.org |access-date=2011-11-20}}{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_editorial/361297.html |title=Violence against the media cloaked as law |language=ko |publisher=English.hani.co.kr |access-date=2011-11-20}}

In April 2020, The Hankyoreh became the first mainstream paper in Korea to establish a newsroom team dedicated to climate change.{{Cite web |date=2022-01-04 |title=기후변화 콘텐츠의 모든 것, 여기에 있다 👈 |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/environment/1025852.html |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Hankyoreh |language=ko}} The climate section is called "ClimateChange&" and covers topics such as nuclear power, environmental and ecological destruction, endangered and at-risk species, and green pledges. The paper has been critical of nuclear power for safety concerns, and has published multiple editorials{{Cite web |title=[Editorial] Ocean release of Fukushima water is unacceptable |url=https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/english_editorials/990979.html |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Hankyoreh}} condemning Japan for its plans to release treated water from the Fukushima nuclear catastrophe into the ocean.

The paper's series "Climate Crisis and Human Rights"{{Cite web |title=기후위기와 인권 |trans-title=Climate Crisis and Human Rights |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/SERIES/1523/home01.html |website=Hankyoreh |language=ko}} earned it the Journalists Association of Korea and National Human Rights Commission of Korea's 11th annual "Human Rights Reporting Prize" in 2022, with the selection committee stating it had "highly appraised the series' on-the-ground coverage of lives uprooted by climate change, which shows that the climate crisis is ultimately an issue of inequality and justice, and its ability to unravel the climate crisis from the perspective of human rights."{{Cite web |title=제11회 인권보도상 대상에 한겨레 '기후위기와 인권' - 한국기자협회 |url=http://m.journalist.or.kr/m/m_article.html?no=51099 |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=m.journalist.or.kr |language=ko}}

In 2014, it partnered with a comic artists union, Toonion, to create a global creative content company called RollingStory, which launched an online sharing platform, Spottoon, for South Korean digital comics in 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_entertainment/667112.html|title=South Korean webtoons taking aim at US market with Huffington Post as partner}}

• Cine 21
• HuffPost Korea (joint venture with HuffPost News, a division of BuzzFeed)
• Hankyoreh Education
• Hankyoreh Book Publishing (HaniBook)

• Media of South Korea
• Liberalism in South Korea
• List of newspapers in South Korea
• Culture of South Korea
• Democratic Party of Korea
• Justice Party (South Korea)
• Korean nationalism
• 386 Generation
• Gangnam leftist

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{Official website|http://www.hani.co.kr/}} {{in lang|ko}}
• [http://company.hani.co.kr/ About Hankyoreh] {{in lang|ko}}
• [http://english.hani.co.kr International edition (web only)]
• [http://www.cine21.com Homepage of Cine21, film weekly by Hankyoreh] {{in lang|ko}}
• [http://h21.hani.co.kr Homepage of Hankyoreh21, weekly newsmagazine] {{in lang|ko}}
• [http://www.economy21.co.kr Homepage of Economy21, business weekly] {{in lang|ko}}

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