:Trap music

In trap music, lyrical themes mostly revolve around the general life and culture in the "trap" or in the actual southern trap house where controlled substances are being sold. The term "trap" refers to places where drug deals take place. Other topics also include street life, acquiring wealth, violence, American vehicles, and life experiences that artists have faced in their southern American surroundings.{{cite web |date=9 October 2023 |title=What is Trap Music and Where Did It Come From? |url=https://thedemostop.com/blogs/music-education/music-industry/what-is-trap-music/ |access-date=11 January 2024 |website=The Demostop}}

Trap music employs multilayered thin- or thick-textured monophonic drones with sometimes a melodic accompaniment expressed with synthesizers; crisp, grimy, and rhythmic snares, deep 808 kick drums, double-time, triple-time, and similarly divided hi-hats, and a cinematic and symphonic use of synthesized string, brass, woodwind, and keyboard instruments to create an energetic, hard-hitting, deep, and variant atmosphere.{{Cite web |last=Bein |first=Kat |title=It's a Trap! An 11-Part History of Trap Music, From DJ Screw to Gucci Mane to Flosstradamus |url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/its-a-trap-an-11-part-history-of-trap-music-from-dj-screw-to-gucci-mane-to-flosstradamus-6475986 |date=July 25, 2012 |website=Miami New Times |language=en}}{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/magazine/lex-luger-hip-hop-beat-maker.html?pagewanted=all |url-access=subscription | title=Lex Luger Can Write a Hit Rap Song in the Time It Takes to Read This | work=New York Times | date=November 4, 2011 | access-date=27 March 2014 | first=Alex | last=Pappademas | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626035809/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/magazine/lex-luger-hip-hop-beat-maker.html?pagewanted=all | archive-date=26 June 2014 }} These primary characteristics, the signature sound of trap music was pioneered and originated by Shawty Redd's minimalist, horror-inspired style and DJ Toomp's melodic, sample-driven approach, drawing inspiration from jazz, soul, R&B, gospel, and funk. Trap may use a range of tempos (often programmed in half-time to achieve finer hi-hat subdivisions) from 50 (100) BPM to 88 (176) BPM, but the tempo of a typical trap beat is around 70 (140) BPM.{{cite web | url=http://theylife.com/?p=2502 | title=DJ Johnny Terror Spins BASE @ Space | publisher=The Y Life |date= November 9, 2013 |first1=Lauren |last1=Rigau | access-date=27 March 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413132615/http://theylife.com/?p=2502 | archive-date=13 April 2014 }}

As hip hop grew, it created many forms such as gangsta rap, which shone more of a light on the dangerous lifestyle of those in impoverished American neighborhoods, and on political issues. As hip hop mutated into 'gangsta' rap, 'gangsta' rap would then transform to trap, a new form of music, that followed a different thought process and different tones.{{Cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=Extremely Short History of Trap Music |url=https://lab.cccb.org/en/extremely-short-history-of-trap-music/ |first1=Max |last1=Besora |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=CCCB LAB |language=en-US}} Early producers creating trap music included Lil Jon from Atlanta, Georgia, where the term originated as a reference to places where drug deals are made.

Lil Jon, along with Mannie Fresh from New Orleans and DJ Paul & Juicy J from Memphis, Tennessee worked with local acts in Atlanta including Dungeon Family, Outkast, Goodie Mob, Three 6 Mafia, Tommy Wright III and Ghetto Mafia.{{cite book |last1=Goldsmith |first1=Melissa Ursula Dawn |title=Hip Hop around the World: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes] |date=2019 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |pages=701 |isbn=9780313357596 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6mR2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA701 |access-date=14 July 2019}} In 1992, one of the earliest records to release was UGK's "Cocaine In The Back of the Ride" from their debut EP, "The Southern Way". Later in 1992, they released the popular "Pocket Full of Stones" from their major-label debut album Too Hard to Swallow. It was also featured in the 1993 film Menace II Society. In 1996, Master P released his single "Mr. Ice Cream Man" from his fifth studio album Ice Cream Man. Fans and critics started to refer to rappers whose primary lyrical topic was drug dealing as "trap rappers". T.I.'s 2001 song "Dope Boyz", from his debut album I'm Serious, includes the lyrics "the dope boyz in the trap nigga / the thug nigga, drug dealer where you at".{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/Trending/ti-chats-to-us-about-being-at-the-tip-of-trap-music-20201027|title=TI at the Tip of trap music|first=Phumlani S.|last=Langa|website=News24.com|access-date=15 February 2022}} David Drake of Complex wrote that "the trap in the early 2000s wasn't a genre, it was a real place", and the term was later adopted to describe the "music made about that place".{{cite web|last=Drake|first=David|title=The Commodification of Southern Rap's Drug-Fueled Subgenre|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2012/10/real-trap-sht-the-commodification-of-southern-raps-drug-fueled-subgenre/page/2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011194549/http://www.complex.com/music/2012/10/real-trap-sht-the-commodification-of-southern-raps-drug-fueled-subgenre/page/2|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 11, 2012|publisher=Complex|access-date=May 30, 2013}}

During the early- to mid-2000s, trap music began to emerge as a recognized genre after the mainstream success of a number of albums and singles with lyrics that covered life in "the trap", drug dealing and the struggle for success. Several Southern rappers with drug dealer personas such as T.I., Young Jeezy, Gucci Mane, Boosie Badazz, Young Dolph, Lil Wayne, and Rick Ross produced crossover hits and helped expand the popularity of the genre, with trap records beginning to appear more heavily on mixtapes and radio stations outside of the South. Though trap artists were somewhat diverse in their production styles, the signature and quintessential trap sound (typically based around synth, orchestra, and string swells with tight, bass-heavy 808 kick drums) that would come to be associated with the genre developed in Atlanta during trap's mid-2000s breakthrough. Some of the notable trap producers during the mid to late 2000s include DJ Toomp, Fatboi, Drumma Boy, Shawty Redd, D. Rich, and Zaytoven. The first wave of the trap sound was influenced by earlier Southern producers such as Lil Jon, Mannie Fresh, and DJ Paul.

{{Blockquote |quote = With the exception of Outkast, let me think, Goodie Mob... with the exception of that, before I came in the game, it was Lil Jon, Outkast, Goodie Mob, okay so you had crunk music and you had Organized Noize. There was no such thing as trap music, I created that, I created that. I coined the term, it was my second album, Trap Muzik it dropped in 2003. After that, there was an entire new genre of music created. An open lane for each of you to do what you do, and live your lives, on T.V., and be accepted by the masses. The masses have accepted you 'cause I opened the door and you walked through it. Don't forget who opened that door, cuz.|source = Atlanta-based rapper T.I., in a December 2012 interview{{cite web|url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/t-i-speaks-on-trap-music-genre-says-he-created-it-news.3805.html|title=T.I. Speaks on Trap Music Genre, Says He Created It|first=Rose|last=Lilah|date=18 December 2012|publisher=HotNewHipHop|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082729/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/t-i-speaks-on-trap-music-genre-says-he-created-it-news.3805.html|archive-date=24 September 2015}}}}

File:Waka-Flocka-Flame 101219 photoby Adam-Bielawski.jpg in 2010.]]

By the end of the decade, a second wave of trap artists gained momentum and frequently topped the Billboard hip hop charts. Trap producer Lex Luger gained huge popularity, and produced more than 200 songs in 2010 and 2011, including a number of singles for mainstream rap artists such as Rick Ross' "B.M.F. (Blowin' Money Fast)". Since Luger's rise, his signature trap sound has been the heavy use of 808s, crisp snares, fast hihats, synth keys, and orchestration of brass, strings, woodwind, and keyboards. Many of his sounds have been adopted by other hip hop producers trying to replicate his success. As such, Luger is often credited with popularizing the modern trap sound.{{cite web |url=http://massappeal.com/lex-luger-lex-luger-experience-the-tour/ |title=Lex Luger 'Lex Luger Experience: The Tour Vol. 1' |publisher=Mass Appeal |date=22 March 2016 |access-date=23 March 2016 |author=Johnson, James |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406001919/http://massappeal.com/lex-luger-lex-luger-experience-the-tour/ |archive-date=6 April 2016 }} Since the 2010s, an array of modern trap producers have gained industry popularity, most notably 808 Mafia's Southside and TM88, Sonny Digital, Young Chop, DJ Spinz, Tay Keith and Metro Boomin. Some producers expanded their range to other genres, such as contemporary R&B (Mike WiLL Made It) and electronic music (AraabMuzik).

Throughout 2011 and 2012, trap music maintained a strong presence on the mainstream Billboard music charts with a number of records released by rappers such as Young Jeezy, Chief Keef and Future. Jeezy's single "Ballin" reached number 57 on the Billboard charts and was considered one of Jeezy's best tracks in some time.{{cite web |url=http://www.thefader.com/2011/08/26/beat-construction-lil-lody |title=Beat Construction: Lil Lody |publisher=Fader |date=Aug 26, 2011 |access-date=29 June 2015 |first=Matthew |last=Schnipper |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823160748/http://www.thefader.com/2011/08/26/beat-construction-lil-lody/ |archive-date=23 August 2015}} Future's single, "Turn On the Lights", was certified gold and entered at number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100 and Keef's "I Don't Like" and "Love Sosa" generated over 30 million views on YouTube, spawning a new subgenre within trap called drill, or later called Chicago drill following the rise of the less-trap oriented, grime-influenced UK drill.{{cite web |url=https://history.hiphop/the-origins-of-drill-music/ |title=The Origins of Drill Music |date=8 October 2022 |access-date=May 16, 2023 }} Music critics called drill production style the "sonic cousin to skittish footwork, southern-fried hip-hop and the 808 trigger-finger of trap". Young Chop is frequently identified by critics as the genre's most characteristic producer.{{cite web |url=http://www.factmag.com/2013/04/19/hip-hop-in-2013-for-dummies-part-2-the-producers/14/ |title=Hip-Hop in 2013... for Dummies (Part 2: The Producers) |newspaper=Fact |date=April 19, 2013 |access-date=June 21, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726002941/http://www.factmag.com/2013/04/19/hip-hop-in-2013-for-dummies-part-2-the-producers/14/ |archive-date=July 26, 2013}}{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/9019-the-year-in-news-2012/6/ |title=One Nation Under Drill |first=Carrie |last=Battan |newspaper=Pitchfork |date=December 28, 2012 |access-date=June 21, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605053125/http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/9019-the-year-in-news-2012/6/ |archive-date=June 5, 2013}} The sound of trap producer Lex Luger's music is a major influence on drill,{{cite web |url=http://www.thefader.com/2012/08/21/chief-keef-lost-boys/ |title=Chief Keef: Lost Boys |first=Felipe |last=Delerme |newspaper=The Fader |date=August 21, 2012 |access-date=June 21, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702030647/http://www.thefader.com/2012/08/21/chief-keef-lost-boys/ |archive-date=July 2, 2013}} and Young Chop identified Shawty Redd, Drumma Boy and Zaytoven as important precursors to the drill movement.{{cite web |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/young-chop-talks-lex-luger-chief-keef-and-studio-habits/ |title=Young Chop Talks Lex Luger, Chief Keef, and Studio Habits |first=Jaeki |last=Cho |newspaper=XXL |date=February 7, 2013 |access-date=April 29, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130519040652/http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2013/02/young-chop-talks-lex-luger-chief-keef-and-studio-habits/ |archive-date=May 19, 2013}} "I Don't Like" inspired fellow Chicago native, notable hip hop producer and rapper Kanye West to create a remix of the song, which was included on his label GOOD Music's compilation album Cruel Summer. Stelios Phili of GQ called trap music "the sound of hip hop in 2012".

Since maintaining a strong presence on the mainstream music charts, trap music has been influential to non-hip hop artists. R&B singer Beyoncé's songs "Drunk in Love", "Flawless" and "7/11", all from her 2013 album Beyoncé, also contained trap influences. American dance-pop singer Lady Gaga recorded a trap-inspired song titled "Jewels 'n Drugs" for her 2013 album Artpop, featuring rappers T.I., Too Short and Twista. The combination of pop and trap music was met with mixed responses from critics.{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga Artpop|url=https://slantmagazine.com/music/review/lady-gaga-artpop|work=Slant Magazine|date=4 November 2013|access-date=2013-11-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214004507/http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/lady-gaga-artpop|archive-date=2014-02-14}}{{cite web|title=Lady Gaga 'ARTPOP' review: What's the verdict?|date=6 November 2013|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/album-reviews/a529185/lady-gaga-artpop-review-whats-the-verdict/|publisher=Digital Spy|access-date=April 29, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407013028/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/review/a529185/lady-gaga-artpop-review-whats-the-verdict.html|archive-date=2014-04-07}} In September 2013, American pop singer Katy Perry released a song titled "Dark Horse" featuring rapper Juicy J, from her 2013 album Prism; the song is credited with cementing trap music's place on the Billboard charts.{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/katy-perrys-prism-album-preview-10-things-you-need-to-know-5687099/ |title=Katy Perry's 'Prism' Album Preview: 10 Things You Need To Know |last=Lipshutz |first=Jason |date=September 6, 2013 |magazine=Billboard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072407/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/5687099/katy-perrys-prism-album-preview-10-things-you-need-to-know |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=April 29, 2022}}{{cite web |url=https://consequence.net/2013/09/listen-katy-perry-goes-trap-with-juicy-j-on-dark-horse/ |title=Listen: Katy Perry goes trap with Juicy J on 'Dark Horse' |publisher=Consequence of Sound |date=September 17, 2013 |access-date=April 29, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921151619/https://consequence.net/2013/09/listen-katy-perry-goes-trap-with-juicy-j-on-dark-horse/ |archive-date=September 21, 2013}} The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 by the end of January 2014.{{cite magazine|last=Trust|first=Gary|title=Katy Perry's 'Dark Horse' Gallops to No. 1 on Hot 100|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/katy-perry-dark-horse-hot-100-no-1/|magazine=Billboard|date=29 January 2014|access-date=29 April 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131082410/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5885830/katy-perry-dark-horse-hot-100-no-1|archive-date=31 January 2014}}

File:Fetty Wap 2015.png in August 2015]]

In May 2015, trap music once again surfaced to the top of mainstream music charts as New Jersey rapper Fetty Wap's hit single "Trap Queen" peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.{{citation |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/break-fetty-wap/|title=The Break Presents: Fetty Wap |work=XXL |date=November 18, 2014 |access-date=April 29, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222160953/http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/the-break/2014/11/break-fetty-wap/ |archive-date=February 22, 2015}} Fetty Wap's subsequent singles, "My Way" and "679", also reached the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 chart.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/omi-cheerleader-third-week-hot-100/|title='Cheerleader' spends third week at No. 1 on Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|date=July 27, 2015|access-date=April 29, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613045047/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6642164/omi-cheerleader-third-week-hot-100|archive-date=2016-06-13}} Brooklyn-based rapper Desiigner gained major recognition in 2016 upon the release of "Panda" as his debut single which topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/desiigner-panda-billboard-hot-100-number-1/|title=Desiigner's 'Panda' Claws to No. 1 on Hot 100, Bringing Americans Back to the Top|newspaper=Billboard|access-date=April 29, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119131356/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7341870/desiigner-panda-billboard-hot-100-number-1|archive-date=2017-01-19}} The commercial success of trap songs also began to be assisted by Internet memes, as was the case with Rae Sremmurd and Gucci Mane's 2016 song "Black Beatles", which reached number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart after exposure through the Mannequin Challenge Internet phenomenon.{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/hot-100-rae-sremmurd-black-beatles-number-one/|title=Rae Sremmurd's 'Black Beatles' Blasts to No. 1 on Hot 100|newspaper=Billboard|access-date=April 29, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170110084652/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7573655/hot-100-rae-sremmurd-black-beatles-number-one|archive-date=2017-01-10}} Similarly, in 2017 the collaboration between Migos and Lil Uzi Vert "Bad and Boujee", with the now popularly spread lyrics "Raindrop (drip), Drop top (drop top)"{{Citation|title=Migos (Ft. Lil Uzi Vert) – Bad and Boujee|url=https://genius.com/Migos-bad-and-boujee-lyrics|access-date=2017-03-08|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310022220/https://genius.com/Migos-bad-and-boujee-lyrics|archive-date=2017-03-10}} reached number-one after internet meme exposure.{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/hot-100-migos-bad-and-boujee-lil-uzi-vert-number-one/|title=Migos' 'Bad and Boujee', Featuring Lil Uzi Vert, Tops Hot 100|newspaper=Billboard|access-date=April 29, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110114641/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7648006/hot-100-migos-bad-and-boujee-lil-uzi-vert-number-one|archive-date=2017-01-10}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2017/01/09/migos-bad-and-boujee-jumps-to-no-1-on-the-hot-100/#78ac53464507|title=Migos' 'Bad And Boujee' Jumps To No. 1 on the Hot 100|last=McIntyre|first=Hugh|newspaper=Forbes|access-date=2017-01-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110150643/http://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2017/01/09/migos-bad-and-boujee-jumps-to-no-1-on-the-hot-100/#78ac53464507|archive-date=2017-01-10}} 2 Chainz released his fourth studio album Pretty Girls Like Trap Music in June 2017. Rapper Cardi B became extremely popular with her song "Bodak Yellow", which topped the Billboard Hot 100 in 2017.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/cardi-b-no-1-hot-100-post-malone-portugal-the-man/|title=Cardi B 'Moves' to No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'Bodak Yellow', Post Malone Debuts at No. 2 With 'Rockstar'|magazine=Billboard|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=September 25, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102040401/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7973958/cardi-b-no-1-hot-100-post-malone-portugal-the-man|archive-date=November 2, 2017}}{{cite magazine|last1=Trust|first1=Gary|title=J Balvin, Willy William & Beyoncé Blast to No. 3 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'Mi Gente', Cardi B No. 1 for Third Week|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/j-balvin-willy-william-beyonce-cardi-b-hot-100/|magazine=Billboard|date=9 October 2017|access-date=April 29, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106100352/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7990506/j-balvin-willy-william-beyonce-cardi-b-hot-100|archive-date=6 November 2017}}

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|quote = We're the pop stars. Trap rap is pop now. People's ears have adjusted to what we have to say and how we say it.|source = — 2 Chainz in a June 2017 interview with Rolling Stone.{{cite magazine|last=Lee|first=Christina|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/2-chainz-explains-why-pretty-girls-like-trap-music-talks-his-bucket-list-and-benihana-193850/|title=2 Chainz Explains Why 'Pretty Girls Like Trap Music,' Talks His Bucket List and Benihana|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=June 16, 2017|access-date=April 29, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623031217/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/2-chainz-talks-pretty-girls-like-trap-music-and-benihana-w488309|archive-date=June 23, 2017}}

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In 2013, trap-influenced EDM came into the mainstream, popularized by producer DJ Snake.

In 2015, a new fusion of trap music named Latin trap began to emerge.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/latin-trap-brief-history-ozuna-bad-bunny-de-la-ghetto-7933904/|title=Ozuna, Bad Bunny, De La Ghetto, Farruko & Messiah Narrate a Brief History of Latin Trap|magazine=Billboard|date=17 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921223141/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7933904/latin-trap-brief-history-ozuna-bad-bunny-de-la-ghetto|archive-date=2017-09-21|access-date=April 29, 2022}} Spain was the first Spanish-speaking country to make trap music, with performers as the music group PXXR GVNG, formed by Yung Beef, Kaydy Cain, Khaled and the producer Steve Lean, who was a part of 808 Mafia. Latin trap is similar to mainstream trap in its themes of {{lang|es|la calle}} (the streets), hustling, sex, and drugs.{{cite news |last=Portilla |first=Christina |date=August 23, 2017 |title=Latin Trap Brings New Music to Miami |url=http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/latin-trap-music-brings-a-new-kind-of-hip-hop-to-miami-9588021 |work=Miami New Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043321/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/latin-trap-music-brings-a-new-kind-of-hip-hop-to-miami-9588021 |archive-date=December 1, 2017}} Prominent artists of Latin trap include Bryant Myers, Anuel AA, Miky Woodz, Almighty, Maluma and Bad Bunny.{{cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2017/07/05/traps-latin-american-takeover-spotify-playlist-trap-land|title=Trap's Latin American Takeover|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915203944/http://www.thefader.com/2017/07/05/traps-latin-american-takeover-spotify-playlist-trap-land|archive-date=2017-09-15}} In July 2017, The Fader wrote "Rappers from Puerto Rico have taken elements of trap—the lurching bass lines, jittering 808s and the eyes-half-closed vibe—and infused them into banger after banger." In an August 2017 article for Billboard{{'}}s series, "A Brief History Of", they enlisted some of the key artists of Latin trap, including Ozuna, De La Ghetto, Bad Bunny, Farruko and Arcángel—to narrate a brief history on the genre.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/latin-trap-brief-history-ozuna-bad-bunny-de-la-ghetto-7933904/|title=Ozuna, Bad Bunny, De La Ghetto, Farruko & Messiah Narrate a Brief History of Latin Trap|magazine=Billboard|date=17 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921223141/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7933904/latin-trap-brief-history-ozuna-bad-bunny-de-la-ghetto|archive-date=2017-09-21|access-date=April 29, 2022}}{{cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/2017/08/latin-trap-history/|title=Rappers Discuss Brief History Of Latin Trap|date=21 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918155407/https://www.vibe.com/2017/08/latin-trap-history/|archive-date=18 September 2017}} Elias Leight of Rolling Stone noted "[Jorge] Fonseca featured Puerto Rican artists like Anuel AA, Bryant Myers and Noriel on the compilation Trap Capos: Season 1, which became the first "Latin trap" LP to reach number one on Billboard{{'}}s Latin Rhythm Albums chart."{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/inside-latin-trap-the-viral-sound-too-hot-for-american-radio-255923/|title=Inside Latin Trap, the Viral Sound Too Hot for American Radio|magazine=Rolling Stone|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917170456/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/inside-latin-trap-the-viral-sound-too-hot-for-radio-w501823|archive-date=2017-09-17|access-date=April 29, 2022}} A remixed version of Cardi B's single "Bodak Yellow" (which had previously reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart), dubbed the "Latin Trap Remix", was officially released on August 18, 2017, and features Cardi B rapping in Spanish with Dominican hip hop recording artist Messiah contributing a guest verse.{{cite web|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/cardi-b-drops-spanish-remix-bodak-yellow-featuring-messiah/|title=Cardi B Drops Spanish Remix of 'Bodak Yellow' With Messiah|website=XXL Mag|date=18 August 2017 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915160606/http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/08/cardi-b-drops-spanish-remix-bodak-yellow-featuring-messiah/|archive-date=2017-09-15|access-date=April 29, 2022}}{{cite web|url=https://www.vibe.com/2017/08/cardi-b-bodak-yellow-spanish-remix-messiah/|title=Cardi B Premieres 'Bodak Yellow' Spanish Remix With Messiah|date=18 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915203914/https://www.vibe.com/2017/08/cardi-b-bodak-yellow-spanish-remix-messiah/|archive-date=15 September 2017}} In November 2017, Rolling Stone wrote that "a surging Latin trap sound is responding to more recent developments as it fuses with Reggaeton, embracing the slow-rolling rhythms and gooey vocal delivery popularized by Southern hip-hop".

"Bubblegum rap" consists of a "booming, trap-laden" beat with "flavorful" elements and mumble rap.{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/rico-nasty-hit-that-video-420-8357300/ |title=Rico Nasty Celebrates 4/20 With New Song 'Hit That': Premiere |magazine=Billboard |date=20 April 2018 |access-date=April 29, 2022}} It is also described as "ushering in a new wave of Internet-born music stars".{{Cite web |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/happy-birthday-lil-yachty/|title=Happy Birthday, Lil Yachty! |website=XXL Mag |date=23 August 2016 |access-date=April 29, 2022}}

On 5 May 2018, rapper and musician Childish Gambino released "This Is America", which is "built on the sharp contrast between jolly, syncretic melodies and menacing trap cadences".{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/childish-gambino-this-is-america/|title="This Is America" by Childish Gambino Review |website=Pitchfork}} It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was streamed over 65 million times in the first week of its release.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/childish-gambino-this-is-america-no-1-hot-100/|title=Childish Gambino's 'This Is America' Blasts in at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=May 14, 2018|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 29, 2022}}

In 2018, in promotion for his album Dime Trap, T.I. opened a pop-up Trap Music Museum in Atlanta:{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/ti-talks-pop-up-escape-the-trap-museum-dime-trap-album-8477341/|title=T.I. Shines Spotlight on Trap with Pop-Up 'Escape The Trap' Museum Experience & 'Dime Trap' Album|magazine=Billboard|date=28 September 2018|access-date=April 29, 2022}} "We curated it from conception. The purpose of it was to acknowledge the most significant contributors to the culture. Secondly, inform those who may be least knowledgeable about the genre. And inspire those who are in the environment that inspires the genre."{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/ti-dime-trap-dave-chappelle-outkast-interview-8478413/|title=T.I. On Making Grown Up Trap Music, Bar Hopping with Dave Chappelle & Recording With Outkast|magazine=Billboard|date=5 October 2018|access-date=October 11, 2018}} The museum also includes an escape room entitled 'Escape the Trap'.{{cite web|url=https://rollingout.com/2018/10/02/how-t-i-s-trap-music-museum-came-to-life/|title=How T.I.'s Trap Music Museum turns pain into art|website=rollingout.com|date=2 October 2018|access-date=October 11, 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theroot.com/t-i-will-curate-new-atlanta-pop-up-museum-dedicated-to-1829274895|title=T.I. Will Curate New Atlanta Pop-Up Museum Dedicated to Trap Music|first=Anne|last=Branigin|website=The Root|date=24 September 2018 |access-date=April 29, 2022}}

In 2018, American pop-R&B singer Ariana Grande incorporated trap elements in her fourth studio album, Sweetener, while maintaining her signature pop-R&B sound. She furthered trap experimentation in "7 Rings", "Bad Idea", "In My Head" and "Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored" from her fifth studio album Thank U, Next. Both Sweetener and Thank U, Next were critical and commercial successes, with the former winning the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album, and the latter breaking numerous streaming records and spawning two number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Grande's sixth studio album, Positions, is largely a trap-inspired R&B-pop album.

In 2019, Lil Nas X's "Old Town Road" crossed trap with Western and country music.{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/lil-nas-x-old-town-road-810844/|title=Lil Nas X's 'Old Town Road' Was a Country Hit. Then Country Changed Its Mind|first=Elias|last=Leight|date=March 26, 2019|access-date=March 27, 2019|magazine=Rolling Stone}} In March 2019, the song debuted at number 19 on the Hot Country Songs before being removed from the chart a week later.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/apr/02/lil-nas-song-removed-from-billboard-not-country-enough|title=Lil Nas' song was removed from Billboard for not being 'country' enough. But who gets to decide categories?|last=Adjei-Kontoh|first=Hubert|date=2019-04-02|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-07-31|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} A remix with Billy Ray Cyrus was released on April 5, 2019, and later became the longest-running number one hip-hop single of all time and the overall longest number one single of all time on the Billboard Hot 100, at 19 weeks, surpassing the record set by Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men's "One Sweet Day" and Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's "Despacito" featuring Justin Bieber.{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/lil-nas-x-old-town-road-number-one-hot-100-19-weeks/|title=Lil Nas X's 'Old Town Road' Leads Billboard Hot 100 for 19th Week, Ariana Grande & Social House's 'Boyfriend' Debuts in Top 10|magazine=Billboard|date=12 August 2019|access-date=April 29, 2022}}

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