:Travis Bickle

Travis Bickle is a 26-year-old living in New York City. When applying for a job as a taxi driver, he says he is a former U.S. Marine who served in the Vietnam War and was given an honorable discharge in May 1973, and has had "some" education. With few friends, and suffering from depression, loneliness, existential crises, and severe and chronic insomnia, he takes a job as a graveyard shift cab driver to occupy his time, working grueling 12–14 hour shifts 6–7 days a week. Working late at night in dangerous neighborhoods, his customers tend to include pimps and drug addicts. He is visibly angered by them, and begins fantasizing about "cleansing" such "filth" from the streets.

Bickle becomes attracted to a woman, Betsy (Cybill Shepherd), who works in the local campaign office of presidential candidate and United States Senator Charles Palantine. Bickle often spies on Betsy from his cab, and finally enters the office to ask her out. They meet for coffee, and Betsy finds him strange but charming, and agrees to see him again. He then takes her to a porn theater he frequents, which disgusts her and makes her refuse to see him again.

After Betsy rejects him, Bickle becomes increasingly paranoid and starts acting out his fantasies. He buys several guns and takes to carrying them secreted about his person – taped to his limbs, for example, or in hidden spring-loaded holsters. He begins a physical training regimen which consists of doing 50 pushups and 50 pullups every morning and practices an intimidating, thuggish presence in the mirror to use on whoever challenges him. Eventually, he shaves his head into a Mohawk. He attends one of Palantine's speeches, apparently intent on shooting him. However, he attracts the notice of Secret Service agents and flees.

File:DeNiroWigTaxiDriver.jpg{{Robert De Niro sidebar}}

He later becomes obsessed with protecting Iris Steensma (Jodie Foster), a 12-year-old prostitute he has seen on his route. He pays her pimp, Matthew "Sport" Higgins (Harvey Keitel), for her time, but is not interested in having sex with her; instead, he tries to persuade her to leave prostitution and return home. Iris rebuffs him, only increasing his anger and resolve to take her away from a perilous life. He confronts Sport and shoots him in the stomach, leaving him to die on the street. He then goes on a rampage through a brothel with his concealed weapons while Iris is servicing a client. Bickle shoots the approaching bouncer's hand off as soon as he walks in, but he in turn is shot in the neck from behind by a dying Sport.

Bickle begins to advance only to have the wounded bouncer attack him while going up the stairs. Iris' client, a Mafioso, overhears the previous gunshots; he sneaks up behind the distracted Bickle and shoots him in the arm. Bickle kills the mafioso and the bouncer, and then turns the gun on himself, but finds that he is out of ammunition. Severely injured, Bickle collapses on Iris' couch. When the police arrive, Bickle stares at them and smiles, pointing his bloodied finger like a gun at his head.

The newspapers hail Bickle as a hero for rescuing Iris. While in hospital he receives a letter from her parents, thanking him for returning their daughter to them; she had been sent home after the police arrived and found out she was a runaway. After recovering he sees Betsy, who tells him that she read about him in the news; when she gets out of the cab and asks him how much the ride costs, he smiles and drives away.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmmakermagazine.com/fall1992/movie_high.php |title=Paul Schrader's Light Sleeper |publisher=Filmmaker magazine |date=Fall 1992 |access-date=May 14, 2010 |archive-date=February 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201221804/http://filmmakermagazine.com/fall1992/movie_high.php |url-status=dead }}

Taxi Driver, American Gigolo, Light Sleeper, and The Walker make up a series referred to variously as the "Man in a Room" or "Night Worker" movies. Screenwriter Paul Schrader (who directed the other three films) has stated that he considers the central characters of the four films to be one character, who has changed as he has gotten older.[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/arts/filmprogramme/rams/filmprogramme_20070810.ram Interview] with Paul Schrader, BBC Radio 4's Film Programme, August 10, 2007{{cite web|url=https://offscreen.com/view/taxi_driver |title=The Last Temptation of Travis Bickle |date=September 1997 |website=Offscreen |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://facets.org/blog/exclusive/watch/essays/the-betrayal-of-travis-bickle/ |title=The Betrayal of Travis Bickle |date=June 19, 2018 |website=Facets |language=en |access-date=October 12, 2019}}

De Niro received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as Bickle. In the American Film Institute's AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains, Bickle was named the 30th greatest film villain of all time. Empire magazine also ranked him 18th in their "The 100 Greatest Movie Characters" poll.{{cite news | title = The 100 Greatest Movie Characters | work = Empire | url = http://www.empireonline.com/100-greatest-movie-characters/default.asp?c=18 | access-date = December 2, 2008}} Premiere ranked De Niro's performance as the 42nd best in cinematic history.{{cite web|url=https://www.filmsite.org/100greatperformances3.html|title=100 Greatest Film Performances|publisher=Filmsite.org|page=3|access-date=May 23, 2020}}

The character has often been referenced in popular culture due to his famous "You talkin' to me?" monologue. The scene was listed by IGN as the 4th best moment in film history when counting their top 100. Bickle sinisterly utters the line while he stands in front of the mirror, clad in a USMC jacket, threatening his unseen foes with the gun up his sleeve. The line has been parodied multiple times throughout film history, including by De Niro himself in the film The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle. The line can also sometimes be heard in the famous game Grand Theft Auto III when the player tries to steal a taxi by forcing the driver out.{{cite web|url=https://au.ign.com/lists/movie-moments/4 |title=Top 100 Best Movie Moments |date=July 28, 2018 |website=IGN |language=en |access-date=October 12, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://helenair.com/entertainment/you-talkin-to-me-joaquin-channels-his-inner-deniro/article_92b8c8f2-6a44-53e5-a45d-ea48cbd50f53.html |title=You talkin' to me? Joaquin channels his inner DeNiro |date=October 10, 2019 |website=Helena Independent Record |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/22/robert-de-niro-taxi-driver-tribeca-you-talkin-to-me |title=Robert De Niro: 'Every day for 40 years someone has said: You talkin' to me?' |date=April 22, 2016 |website=The Guardian |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/taxi-driver-you-talking-to-me-story-2016-4 |title=Here's the amazing story behind one of the most famous lines ever uttered in a movie |date=April 23, 2016 |website=Business Insider |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBz7pwx2I-oC&pg=PT106|page=106|title=Untouchable: Robert De Niro: Unauthorised|author=Andy Dougan|publisher=Random House|year=2011|isbn=978-0-7535-4684-0}}{{cite web|first=Sandra E.|last=Cohen|url=https://charactersonthecouch.com/film/taxi-driver-reality-or-grandiose-fantasy/ |title=TAXI DRIVER Is Travis Bickle A Hero? Reality Or Grandiose Fantasy? |date=May 2, 2019 |website=Characters on the Couch |language=en |access-date=October 12, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/14/robert-de-niro-travis-bickle-taxi-driver |title=Robert De Niro: 'I'd like to see where Travis Bickle is today' |date=November 14, 2013 |website=The Guardian |language=en |access-date=October 12, 2019}}

On March 30, 1981, John Hinckley Jr. attempted to assassinate United States president Ronald Reagan in an attempt to impress the actress Jodie Foster, who played Iris in Taxi Driver. Hinckley's inspirations for his assassination attempt were directly linked to Travis Bickle's attempted assassination of Charles Palantine in the film, with Hinckley even fashioning his appearance to resemble Bickle's mohawk and army jacket. Ironically, Bickle's character was inspired by Arthur Bremer, who attempted to assassinate presidential candidate George Wallace on May 15, 1972. Upon hearing of Hinckley's assassination attempt, Taxi Driver director Martin Scorsese considered quitting the film industry.{{cite web|url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hinckley/taxidriver.htm|title=Taxi Driver: Its Influence on John Hinckley Jr.|publisher=University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law|access-date=February 8, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302175446/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hinckley/taxidriver.htm|archive-date=March 2, 2007}}{{Cite book |title=Scorsese: A Journey Through the American Psyche |publisher=Plexus Publishing|location=Medford, New Jersey|year=2005 |isbn=0-85965-355-2 |editor-last1=Woods |editor-first1=Paul A.|page=135 }}{{Cite news |first1=Laura A.|last1=Kiernan|first2=Eric|last2=Pianin|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/06/22/hinckley-found-not-guilty-insane/939fafa6-9441-4579-bb04-39da0d287e2d/ |title=Hinckley Found Not Guilty, Insane |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=June 22, 1982|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405135856/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/06/22/hinckley-found-not-guilty-insane/939fafa6-9441-4579-bb04-39da0d287e2d/|archive-date=April 5, 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite news |first=Laura A.|last=Kiernan|date=May 29, 1982|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/05/29/hinckley-jury-watch-taxi-driver-film/783cde2f-1eea-4ec5-a36f-5ccf5d2a290f/?noredirect=on |title=Hinckley, Jury Watch 'Taxi Driver' Film|newspaper=The Washington Post}}{{Cite web |first=Anjelica|last=Cappellino|date=June 23, 2020|url=https://www.theexpertinstitute.com/the-trial-of-john-hinckley-jr-and-its-impact-on-expert-testimony/ |title=The Trial of John Hinckley Jr. and Its Impact on Expert Testimony |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215215828/https://www.theexpertinstitute.com/the-trial-of-john-hinckley-jr-and-its-impact-on-expert-testimony/|archive-date=February 15, 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |first=A.A.|last=Dowd|url=https://www.avclub.com/taxi-driver-remains-one-of-the-best-and-most-troubling-1798265454 |title=Taxi Driver remains one of the best (and most troubling) of Palme winners |website=The A.V. Club|date=January 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216035253/https://film.avclub.com/taxi-driver-remains-one-of-the-best-and-most-troubling-1798265454|archive-date=February 16, 2019|url-status=live}}

Several contemporary artists have directly referenced and appropriated Travis Bickle and Taxi Driver in their artwork. These include Douglas Gordon in his video installation 'Through a looking glass (1999),{{Cite web|title=through a looking glass|url=https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/5432|date=January 1, 1999|website=Guggenheim|language=en-US|access-date=May 30, 2020}} which features the well-known scene in which Bickle asks, "You talkin' to me?" while gazing into a mirror. In Gordon's piece, the scene is projected onto large dual screens placed on opposite walls of a gallery space and plays on a continual loop. This artwork can be seen in the collection of the Guggenheim Museum, New York. The art duo Beagles & Ramsay created an artwork titled We Are The People – Suck On This' (ICA, London 2000),{{Cite web|title=Everything Must Go|url=https://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/everything-must-go|last=Seymour|first=Ben|date=October 4, 2000|website=Mute|language=en|access-date=May 30, 2020}} which featured a video based on re-staged, downbeat version of Taxi Driver. Ramsay was dressed and styled to appear like Travis Bickle, complete with mohawk, and handed a petition into the British Prime Minister Tony Blair at 10 Downing Street. This artwork can be seen in the Glasgow Museums Collection and includes the petition which reads We Are The People – Suck On This, which is signed only by the two artists.

Todd Phillips' 2019 film Joker pays tribute to Travis Bickle and Taxi Driver through the character of Arthur Fleck (played by Joaquin Phoenix). The character's descent into madness and chaos was seen as reminiscent of Bickle, leaving many critics and audiences to speculate whether the character was an homage to Bickle or simply the use of familiar storylines. The film further references the character by having Robert De Niro play the character of Murray Franklin, a talk-show host pivotal in Arthur Fleck's descent into madness and subsequent transformation into The Joker. De Niro's casting was also a reference to another collaboration between him and Scorsese with their 1983 film The King of Comedy and his character Rupert Pupkin. The film includes a visual reference to Bickle miming shooting himself in the head in a scene in an elevator between Arthur and his neighbour, Sophie (Zazie Beetz). Sophie mentions how much she hates living in the apartment block and mimes shooting herself in the head, which Arthur does as well.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/10/todd-phillips-joker-rewatching-taxi-driver |title=Rewatching Taxi Driver in the Age of Joker |date=October 9, 2019 |magazine=Vanity Fair |last=Collins |first=K. Austin |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/joker-movie-film-inspirations-robert-de-niro-taxi-driver-king-comedy-1462484 |title='Joker': 10 Essential Films To See Before Watching The Movie |first=Samuel |last=Spencer |date=October 4, 2019 |website=Newsweek |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/a29388605/joker-martin-scorsese-taxi-driver-king-of-comedy-comparisons/ |title=Todd Phillips's Joker Captures all the Artifice of Scorsese's Movies Without Any of The Soul |date=October 8, 2019 |website=Esquire |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/gallery/movies-watch-before-joker/ |title= The 17 Movies to Watch Before 'Joker' |date=September 12, 2019 |website=IndieWire |last=Sharf |first=Zack |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/joker-movie-robert-de-niro-character-comics-king-comedy/ |title=Robert De Niro's Joker Character References A Movie, Not Batman Comics |date=October 6, 2019 |website=ScreenRant |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/10/28/joker-a-violent-noxious-scorsese-rip-off/#slide-1 |title=Joker: A Violent, Noxious Scorsese Rip-Off |date=October 10, 2019 |website=National Review |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/joker-setting/ |title= Why 'Joker' is Set Decades Ago and How Martin Scorsese's 'The King of Comedy' Inspired It |date=September 16, 2019 |website=/FILM |language=en |access-date=October 11, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/joaquin-phoenix-goes-full-taxi-driver-for-the-shallow-b-1838730448 |title=Joaquin Phoenix Goes Full 'Taxi Driver' for the shallow but striking psychodrama of 'Joker' |date=October 3, 2019 |website=The AV Club |last=Dowd |first=A.A. |language=en |access-date=October 25, 2019}}

The Clash song "Red Angel Dragnet" on the 1982 album Combat Rock references Travis Bickle and directly quotes or paraphrases some of his lines from the movie.

Punk rock band Rancid recorded a song called "Travis Bickle", which was released on their 2003 studio album Indestructible.{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Rancid-Indestructible/master/39177|title=Rancid – Indestructible|work=Discogs|access-date=September 29, 2020}}

Metalcore band Emmure also recorded a song called "Travis Bickle", which was released on their 2007 studio album Goodbye to the Gallows.

Hip-Hop artist Prime Minister Pete Nice mentions Travis Bickle in a lyric of the song "Blowin' Smoke" on the Dust to Dust album.

Alternative musician Rusty Cage* recreated scenes as Travis Bickle in the music video for the 2018 song "The Grave".

In the season 4 episode of Oz titled "A Town without Pity", Clayton Hughes dresses in the look of Bickle, complete with the haircut and tries to kill Governor James Devlin.

In the 1990 film Look Who's Talking Too, John Travolta's character refers to another as "Travis Bickle" during an argument with Kirstie Alley.

The limo driver character in the 2003 Comedy Central film Windy City Heat is named Travis Bickle.

Travis Bickle made a cameo appearance during the third issue of the 2012 comic book Before Watchmen: Rorschach, written by Brian Azzarello and illustrated by Lee Bermejo.{{cite web|url=https://bleedingcool.com/comics/robert-de-niros-taxi-driver-picks-up-rorschach-in-before-watchmen/|title=Robert De Niro's Taxi Driver Picks Up Rorschach In Before Watchmen|publisher=Bleeding Cool|first=Rich|last=Johnston|date=December 12, 2012|access-date=September 29, 2020}}

Bickle's "finger gun" was also referenced in season 1 of FX horror television series American Horror Story in the scene where the police attempt to arrest Tate Langdon after he commits a mass shooting. Tate mimes the finger gun to his head, resulting in the police opening fire, killing him.{{cite web|url=https://fathersonholygore.com/2019/04/03/the-twisted-parallels-of-cinema-edition-4-american-horror-story-vol-1/ |title=[The Twisted Parallels of Cinema] Edition #4: American Horror Story (Vol. I) |date=April 3, 2019 |website=FatherSonHolyGore |language=en |access-date=October 25, 2019}}

Natasha Lyonne's Russian Doll references Bickle in season 2, episode 1, at the 7:36 mark, with her character Nadia Vulvokov speaking the line, "Hey, Travis Bickle, what year do you think it is, man?"

One of the "Elite Bundle" skin sets in Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Siege partially references Travis Bickle's signature mohawk and sunglasses.

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