:Tropical Storm Matmo and Cyclone Bulbul

{{Short description|West Pacific and North Indian cyclone in 2019}}

{{other hurricanes|List of storms named Matmo|the 2019 tropical storm}}

{{Infobox weather event

| name = Severe Tropical Storm Matmo
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Bulbul

| image = Bulbul 2019-11-09 0742Z.jpg

| caption = Cyclone Bulbul near peak intensity, just before landfall in West Bengal on November 9

| as = Severe Tropical Storm Matmo

| formed = October 28, 2019

| dissipated = October 31, 2019

}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA

| winds = 50

| pressure = 992

}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC

| winds = 55

| pressure = 990

}}{{Infobox weather event/History

| as = Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Bulbul

| formed = November 5, 2019

| dissipated = November 11, 2019

}}{{Infobox weather event/IMD

| winds = 75

| pressure = 976

}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC

| winds = 105

| pressure = 955

| pressure-prefix =

}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects

| deaths = 43 total

| year = 2019

| damages = 3410000000

| affected = Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Eastern India, Bangladesh

}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer

| season = 2019 Pacific typhoon
and North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons

}}

Severe Tropical Storm Matmo{{efn|The name was contributed from the United States of America, which means "heavy rain" in the Chamorro language.}} and Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Bulbul{{efn|The name was provided by Pakistan, which known as the family of birds (Songbird). It also refers to the nightingale in Urdu.}} ({{IPAc-en|'|b|ʊ|l|b|ʊ|l}}) (JTWC designation: 23W) were a pair of destructive tropical cyclones that tracked in the Western Pacific Ocean and the North Indian Ocean in October and November 2019 respectively, killing 43 people and inflicting about US$3.537 billion in damage. Matmo was the 41st tropical depression and the 22nd named storm of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, while Bulbul was the 9th depression and the 7th named storm of the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. The cyclone formed on October 28 in the South China Sea and intensified into Tropical Storm Matmo, as named by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). On October 30, the storm made landfall in central Vietnam, causing flooding. Matmo weakened while moving westward across Mainland Southeast Asia, before degenerating into a remnant low later that day. The remnants of Matmo emerged into the Bay of Bengal, redeveloping into a depression on November 5. Late the next day, it strengthened into a cyclonic storm, renamed Bulbul by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), although the JTWC continued to refer to it as Matmo. The storm peaked on November 8, with maximum sustained winds 140 km/h (85 mph) estimated by the IMD. On November 9, the cyclone made its final landfall in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal, and around that time the storm turned to the northeast, moving into Bangladesh. The system degenerated into a remnant low two days later, over northeastern India.

In India and Bangladesh, the storm caused storm surge, heavy rains, and flash floods.{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cyclone-bulbul-live-updates-odisha-west-bengal-brace-for-severe-cyclonic-storm-kolkata-airport-to-suspend-ops/liveblog/71983808.cms|title=Cyclone Bulbul Live: Bulbul Cyclone crosses West Bengal coast|website=The Times of India|date=November 10, 2019 |access-date=2019-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110001651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cyclone-bulbul-live-updates-odisha-west-bengal-brace-for-severe-cyclonic-storm-kolkata-airport-to-suspend-ops/liveblog/71983808.cms|archive-date=2019-11-10|url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Erdman |first1=Jonathan |title=Tropical Cyclone Bulbul Targets Eastern India, Bangladesh With Flooding Rain, Storm Surge, Winds |url=https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2019-11-08-tropical-cyclone-bulbul-targets-eastern-india-bangladesh-flooding-rain |access-date=9 November 2019 |work=TWC India |publisher=TWC India |date=2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108222208/https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2019-11-08-tropical-cyclone-bulbul-targets-eastern-india-bangladesh-flooding-rain |archive-date=8 November 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Cyclone Bulbul: 5 to 7 feet high storm surge may hit coastal areas |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/bulbul-may-hit-bangladesh-tomorrow-1824769 |access-date=9 November 2019 |publisher=The Daily Star |date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109054929/https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/bulbul-may-hit-bangladesh-tomorrow-1824769 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |url-status=live }} In addition, it is only the second storm to reach hurricane-equivalent strength in the Bay of Bengal after moving over Mainland Southeast Asia, the first being another cyclone in October 1960.{{cite news |title=Tropical Cyclone Matmo is reborn as Bulbul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/tropical-cyclone-matmo-reborn-bulbul-191107140950836.html |accessdate=9 November 2019 |publisher=Aljazeera |date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108142206/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/tropical-cyclone-matmo-reborn-bulbul-191107140950836.html |archive-date=8 November 2019 |url-status=live }}

Meteorological history

On October 28, a tropical depression formed near Palau, which was named Matmo by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) on October 30. It quickly intensified into a severe tropical storm, packing 10-minute sustained winds up to {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, as it approached the Vietnamese coast. A quick moving storm, Matmo made landfall in Vietnam on the same day, bringing strong winds and heavy rain, causing moderate flooding and many road closures in the country.{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/thailand/weather-warning-tropical-storm-matmo-category-3-no-7-time-issued-october-30-2019|title=Weather Warning "Tropical Storm MATMO, category 3" - No. 7 Time Issued : October 30, 2019 - Thailand|website=ReliefWeb|date=October 30, 2019 |access-date=2019-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113185057/https://reliefweb.int/report/thailand/weather-warning-tropical-storm-matmo-category-3-no-7-time-issued-october-30-2019|archive-date=November 13, 2019|url-status=live}} Not long after landfall in Vietnam, it weakened into a tropical depression, later degenerating into a remnant low as its low-level circulation dissipated.{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/preliminary-report/bulbul.pdf|title=Very Severe Cyclonic Storm "BUL BUL" over the Bay of Bengal (05th – 11th November 2019): Summary|website=Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre – Tropical Cyclones, New Delhi|access-date=2020-05-18}}

File:Matmo-Bulbul 2019-11-04 0830Z.jpg

On November 2, the remnants of Matmo emerged into the northern Andaman Sea.{{cite web|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/nsfc-ntr110519.php|title=NASA tracking remnants of Tropical Cyclone Matmo|publisher=EukerAlert|date=November 5, 2019|access-date=November 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105212549/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/nsfc-ntr110519.php|archive-date=November 5, 2019|url-status=live}} Meteorological agencies began to show interest in the system, as it slowly began to reorganize and develop, with the storm developing a new low-level circulation on November 4. It then fully reformed into a depression on November 5. Upon strengthening into a cyclonic storm, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) assigned the name Bulbul. It continued intensifying and strengthening for the next three days; however, the storm still

slowly moving northward, prompting the IMD to issue coastal warnings for Bangladesh and West Bengal of India, in addition to prohibiting all fishermen activity, beach activity, and boating in and around the Bay of Bengal. About a day later, Bulbul made landfall near Sagar Island in West Bengal, around 18:30 GMT on November 9, killing at least two people and weakening back to a Severe Cyclonic Storm, as it interacted with land and unleashed a high storm surge.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50358663|title=Cyclone Bulbul makes landfall amid India and Bangladesh evacuations|publisher=BBC News|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101052/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50358663|archive-date=November 10, 2019|url-status=live}} Not too long after this land interaction, Bulbul rapidly weakened into a deep depression on the next day, as it began to move over Bangladesh; however, the storm still continued to cause very heavy rain, before weakening into a well-marked low on November 11.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/deadly-cyclone-bulbul-weakens-depression-bangladesh-191110055831520.html|title=Deadly Cyclone Bulbul weakens over Bangladesh|website=Aljazeera|access-date=2019-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110074228/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/deadly-cyclone-bulbul-weakens-depression-bangladesh-191110055831520.html|archive-date=2019-11-10|url-status=live}}

Preparations

=Bangladesh=

Ahead of Bulbul's landfall, Bangladeshi officials ordered 2.1 million people to evacuate coastal areas.{{cite report|publisher=International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies|via=ReliefWeb|date=November 14, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|title=Bangladesh: Cyclone Bulbul – Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) DREF Operation n° MDRBD023|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MDRBD023do.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209204252/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MDRBD023do.pdf|archive-date=December 9, 2019|url-status=live}} Due to the cyclone, all the JSC–JDC examinations on November 9, 11, and 12, and the National University examination on November 9 were suspended.{{cite web|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/08/saturdays-jsc-jdc-exams-deferred-due-to-cyclone-bulbul|title=Cyclone Bulbul forces rescheduling of Saturday's JSC, JDC, National University exams|publisher=bdnews24.com|date=November 8, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108205410/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/08/saturdays-jsc-jdc-exams-deferred-due-to-cyclone-bulbul|archive-date=November 8, 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/education/2019/11/09/monday-s-jsc-jdc-exams-postponed-due-to-cyclone-bulbul|title=JSC, JDC exams on Nov 11 rescheduled due to cyclone Bulbul|publisher=Dhaka Tribune|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109102947/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/education/2019/11/09/monday-s-jsc-jdc-exams-postponed-due-to-cyclone-bulbul|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2019/11/10/cyclone-bulbul-tuesday-s-jsc-jdc-exams-rescheduled|title=Cyclone Bulbul: Tuesday's JSC, JDC exams rescheduled|publisher=Dhaka Tribune|date=November 10, 2019|access-date=November 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111014319/http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2019/11/10/cyclone-bulbul-tuesday-s-jsc-jdc-exams-rescheduled|archive-date=November 11, 2019|url-status=live}} Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority suspended all sorts of activities at three maritime ports and riverine transport services during the cyclone.{{cite web|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/08/bangladesh-suspends-water-transport-as-cyclone-bulbul-nears|title=Bangladesh suspends maritime port operations, water transport as cyclone nears|publisher=bdnews24.com|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108173751/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/08/bangladesh-suspends-water-transport-as-cyclone-bulbul-nears|archive-date=November 8, 2019|url-status=live}} All flights to and from Shah Amanat International Airport in Chittagong and Cox's Bazar, Barisal, Jashore domestic airports were cancelled for 14 hours owing to the inclement weather under the influence of the cyclone.{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/flights-cancelled-for-cyclone-bulbul-1825117|title=Flights to and from Cox's, Ctg, Barisal, Jashore cancelled for 14hrs for 'Bulbul'|publisher=The Daily Star|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109143240/https://www.thedailystar.net/country/flights-cancelled-for-cyclone-bulbul-1825117|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}} Health department officials in these districts formed 1,599 teams to attend to those affected by the cyclone. Around 56,000 volunteers were deployed to conduct rescue and relief efforts while the military bases at the coastal districts remain on alert.{{cite web|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/09/met-office-issues-danger-signal-10-for-mongla-payra-ports-as-cyclone-approaches-coast|title=Cyclone Bulbul to hit Bangladesh coast Saturday night|publisher=bdnews24.com|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109080308/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/09/met-office-issues-danger-signal-10-for-mongla-payra-ports-as-cyclone-approaches-coast|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}} All coastal infantries of the Bangladesh Army prepared to take immediate action to provide assistance during and post cyclonic destruction.{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/2019/11/09/cyclone-bulbul-army-deploys-teams-in-satkhira|title=Cyclone Bulbul: Army deploys teams in Satkhira|publisher=Dhaka Tribune|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109134841/http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/2019/11/09/cyclone-bulbul-army-deploys-teams-in-satkhira|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}} The Bangladesh Navy and the Bangladesh Coast Guard prepared to undertake emergency rescue and relief operations with warships and vessels.{{cite web|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/09/cyclone-bulbul-naval-ships-ready-for-emergency-rescue-relief-efforts|title=Cyclone Bulbul: Naval ships ready for emergency rescue, relief efforts|publisher=bdnews24.com|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109145807/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2019/11/09/cyclone-bulbul-naval-ships-ready-for-emergency-rescue-relief-efforts|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}}

Impact and aftermath

=Vietnam=

Matmo destroyed 2,700 houses and 35 schools, causing 912 billion VND (US$39.4 million) in damage in Vietnam, with majority of losses in two provinces: Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định.{{Cite news| url=http://www.bienphong.com.vn/thiet-hai-do-thien-tai-trong-nam-2019-giam-ky-luc/ |title =Thiệt hại do thiên tai trong năm 2019 giảm kỷ lục |author=Nguyen Bich|work=Bienphong|language=Vietnamese|date = December 26, 2019|accessdate=October 3, 2021}} The storm also killed two people in the country.{{cite report|url=http://phongchongthientai.mard.gov.vn/FileUpload/2020-07/bFG9wLGe0Ueo0fQbTHIET%20HAI%20NAM%202019%20pdf.pdf|title=TỔNG HỢP THIỆT HẠI DO THIÊN TAI NĂM 2019|author=|publisher=Government of Vietnam|language=Vietnamese|date=July 1, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2021}}

=Bangladesh=

File:Cyclone Bulbul (3).jpg affected by cyclone Bulbul]]

Cyclone Bulbul caused severe damage across coastal Bangladesh, resulting in the deaths of 25 people. In the Khulna District, 9,455 homes were destroyed and 37,820 were damaged.{{cite news|newspaper=The Independent|date=November 11, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|title=Cyclone 'Bulbul' destroys 9,455 homesteads in Khulna|url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/223210|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209202738/http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/223210|archive-date=December 9, 2019|url-status=live}} Across the Bagerhat District, 8,788 homes were destroyed and 35,779 were damaged.{{cite news|newspaper=The Independent|date=November 12, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|title=25 killed as cyclone Bulbul ravages coastal districts|url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/223328|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209202745/http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/223328|archive-date=December 9, 2019|url-status=live}} The nation's agriculture industry was severely affected, with {{convert|289006|hectare|acre|abbr=on}} of farmland—roughly 14 percent of the nation's total farmland—was damaged. Approximately 72,000 metric tons of crops were lost, with a total value of Tk 2.68 billion (US$31.6 million).{{cite news|newspaper=Daily Bangladesh|date=November 12, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|title=Tk 268 cr damage in agriculture caused by Cyclone 'Bulbul'|url=https://www.daily-bangladesh.com/english/Tk-268-cr-damage-in-agriculture-caused-by-Cyclone-Bulbul/31391}}

=India=

==Odisha==

In Odisha, the cyclone's outer bands produced heavy rain and squalls, causing agricultural damage, uprooting trees, and knocking down power lines.{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cyclone-bulbul-kills-man-in-kolkata-brings-heavy-rain-to-odisha/articleshow/71989407.cms|title=Cyclone Bulbul kills man in Kolkata, brings heavy rain to Odisha|work=Times of India|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110060020/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cyclone-bulbul-kills-man-in-kolkata-brings-heavy-rain-to-odisha/articleshow/71989407.cms|archive-date=November 10, 2019|url-status=live}} Although, as part of rescue, around 350 local villagers in the district of Balesore were taken to cyclone shelters as the storm neared.{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/101119/cyclone-bulbul-around-350-people-take-shelter-at-baleswar-district.html|title=Cyclone 'Bulbul': Around 350 people take shelter at Baleswar district in Odisha|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=November 10, 2019|access-date=November 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110190455/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/101119/cyclone-bulbul-around-350-people-take-shelter-at-baleswar-district.html|archive-date=November 10, 2019|url-status=live}} An estimated {{convert|200000|hectare|acre|abbr=on}} of crops were damaged statewide.{{cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=India Today|date=November 11, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|title=Cyclone Bulbul: Power services in affected areas of Odisha, West Bengal restored|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cyclone-bulbul-power-services-affected-areas-odisha-west-bengal-restored-1617950-2019-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112183406/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cyclone-bulbul-power-services-affected-areas-odisha-west-bengal-restored-1617950-2019-11-11|archive-date=November 12, 2019|url-status=live}} Two people died in storm-related incidents.{{cite report|publisher=Government of India|via=ReliefWeb|date=November 10, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|title='Bulbul' claims 2 lives in Odisha, extensive damage to crops|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/india/bulbul-claims-2-lives-odisha-extensive-damage-crops|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120111436/https://reliefweb.int/report/india/bulbul-claims-2-lives-odisha-extensive-damage-crops|archive-date=November 20, 2019|url-status=live}}

==West Bengal==

Bulbul's landfall in West Bengal around the Sunderban forest brought extremely heavy rain and winds up to 137 km/h (85 mph) across much of the southern portion of the state.{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cyclone-bulbul-live-updates-odisha-west-bengal-brace-for-severe-cyclonic-storm-kolkata-airport-to-suspend-ops/liveblog/71983808.cms|title=Cyclone Bulbul kills 10 in West Bengal, 2.73 lakh families affected in the state|work=Times of India|date=November 10, 2019|access-date=November 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110001651/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cyclone-bulbul-live-updates-odisha-west-bengal-brace-for-severe-cyclonic-storm-kolkata-airport-to-suspend-ops/liveblog/71983808.cms|archive-date=November 10, 2019|url-status=live}} A 59-year-old man was killed after being electrocuted by a lamp post, and another was killed due to a collapsed wall. Before the cyclone even made landfall, however, a man was killed after a cedar tree branch fell on top of him.{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-bulbul-4-killed-normal-life-disrupted-in-west-bengal-11573375106806.html|title=Cyclone Bulbul: 7 killed, normal life disrupted in West Bengal|publisher=liveMint|date=November 10, 2019|access-date=November 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110190428/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/cyclone-bulbul-4-killed-normal-life-disrupted-in-west-bengal-11573375106806.html|archive-date=November 10, 2019|url-status=live}}

Fallen trees caused road blockages across the city of Kolkata as well, and members of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) removed these blockages. Operations at Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata were suspended for 12 hours.{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/india/cyclone-bulbul-operations-at-kolkata-airport-1825135|title=Cyclone 'Bulbul': Operations at Kolkata airport suspended for 12 hrs|publisher=The Daily Star|date=November 9, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109143250/https://www.thedailystar.net/india/cyclone-bulbul-operations-at-kolkata-airport-1825135|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}}

Throughout West Bengal, approximately 3.5 million people were directly affected by the cyclone; 14 people died in storm-related incidents. A total of 517,535 homes and {{convert|1489924|hectare|acre|abbr=on}} of crops were damaged or destroyed, with losses reaching Rs 238.11 billion (US$3.34 billion).{{cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|publisher=India Today|date=November 17, 2019|access-date=December 9, 2019|title=Cyclone Bulbul caused Rs 23,811 crore losses: West Bengal Government|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cyclone-bulbul-caused-rs23811-crore-losses-says-west-bengal-government-1619723-2019-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117153403/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cyclone-bulbul-caused-rs23811-crore-losses-says-west-bengal-government-1619723-2019-11-17|archive-date=November 17, 2019|url-status=live}}

West Bengal's Public Health Engineering department distributed 435,000 tarpaulins and 620,000 water containers in the affected areas.

Notes

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20190617222827/http://imd.gov.in/Welcome%20To%20IMD/Welcome.php India Meteorological Department]
[http://www.bmd.gov.bd/ Bangladesh Meteorological Department]

Matmo

Category:2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Category:Very severe cyclonic storms

Category:2019 disasters in Bangladesh

Category:November 2019 in Asia

Category:Tropical cyclones in 2019

Matmo