:USS Kearsarge (BB-5)

{{Main|Kearsarge-class battleship}}

The Kearsarge-class battleships were designed to be used for coastal defense.{{sfn|Crawford|2008|p=12}} They had a displacement of {{convert|11540|ST}}, an overall length of {{convert|375|ft|4|in}}, a beam of {{convert|72|ft|3|in}} and a draft of {{convert|23|ft|6|in}}.{{sfn|Chesneau|Koleśnik|Campbell|1979|p=141}} The two 3-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines and five Scotch boilers, connected to two propeller shafts, produced a total of {{convert|11674|ihp|lk=in}}, and gave a maximum speed of {{convert|16.816|kn|mph km/h}}.{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=94}} Kearsarge was manned by 40 officers and 514 enlisted men, a total of 554 crew.{{sfn|Newhart|1995|p=21}}

File:Kearsarge - det1994013792 (crop).jpg

Kearsarge had two double turrets, with two 13"/35 caliber gun and two 8"/40 caliber gun each, stacked in two levels.{{sfn|Friedman|1985|pp=30–32}} The guns and turret armor were designed by the Bureau of Ordnance, while the turret itself was designed by the Bureau of Construction and Repair. This caused the guns to be mounted far back in the turret, making the ports very large. Admiral William Sims claimed that as a result, a shell fired into the port could reach the magazines below, disabling the guns.{{sfn|Friedman|1985|p=17}} In addition to these guns, Kearsarge carried fourteen 5"/40 caliber gun, twenty 6-pounder ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on|disp=or}}) guns, eight 1-pounder ({{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on|disp=or}}) guns, four {{convert|.30|in|mm|abbr=on}} machine guns, and four American 18 inch torpedo torpedo tubes.{{sfn|Chesneau|Koleśnik|Campbell|1979|p=141}} Kearsarge had a very low freeboard, which resulted in her guns becoming unusable in bad weather.{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=92}}

The ship's waterline armor belt was {{convert|5|-|16.5|in|0}} thick and the main gun turrets were protected by {{convert|15|-|17|in|0}} of armor, while the secondary turrets had {{convert|6|-|11|in|0}} of armor. The barbettes were {{convert|12.5|-|15|in|0}} thick, while the conning tower had {{convert|10|in|0}} of armor.{{sfn|Chesneau|Koleśnik|Campbell|1979|p=141}} The armor was made of harveyized steel.{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=94}}

Kearsarge carried 16 smaller boats. A {{convert|40|ft|adj=on}} steam cutter, with a capacity of 60 men, together with a {{convert|33|ft|adj=on}} steam cutter, were used for general carrying from and to port, and could tow the other boats if needed. Two 33-foot launches, each capable of carrying 64 men, were the "working boats". There were ten {{convert|30|ft|adj=on}} boats: four cutters, each with a capacity of 45 men, the Admiral's barge, two whaleboats (which served as lifeboats), and the Captain's gig. Four smaller boats completed Kearsarge{{'}}s small fleet: two {{convert|20|ft|adj=on}} dinghies and two {{convert|18|ft|adj=on}} catamarans.{{sfn|New-York Tribune 6 May 1900}}

File:BB05 Kearsarge BB06 Kentucky USN photo www.navsource.org.jpg

Kearsarge was authorized on 2 March 1895,{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=83}} the contract for her construction was awarded on 2 January 1896,{{sfn|NVR Crane Ship No. 1 (AB 1)}} and the keel of the vessel was laid down on 30 June 1896 by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company in Virginia.{{sfn|Chesneau|Koleśnik|Campbell|1979|p=141}}{{sfn|Houston Daily Post 25 March 1898}} The total cost was US$5,043,591.68.{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=94}} She was soon named after the American Civil War sloop-of-war {{USS|Kearsarge|1861|2}}, and was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named by act of Congress. She was the only US battleship not named after a state.{{sfn|Friedman|1985|p=30}} She was christened on 24 March 1898 (the same day as her sister ship, Kentucky) by Mrs. Elizabeth Winslow (née Maynard), the wife of Captain Herbert Winslow,{{sfn|Houston Daily Post 25 March 1898}} daughter-in-law of Captain John Ancrum Winslow, the commander of the original Kearsarge.{{sfn|The New York Times 26 September 1914}} She was commissioned on 20 February 1900, under the command of Captain William M. Folger.{{sfn|Times 20 February 1900}}

As flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron,{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=178}} Kearsarge sailed along the Atlantic seaboard and the Caribbean Sea.{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} In May 1901 Captain Bowman H. McCalla assumed command of Kearsarge,{{sfn|Times 17 March 1901}} although by May 1902 the ship was being commanded by Captain Joseph Newton Hemphill.{{sfn|New-York Tribune 29 May 1902}} Reassigned as flagship of the European Squadron, she sailed from Sandy Hook on 3 June 1903, on her way to Kiel, Germany.{{sfn|New-York Tribune 4 June 1903}} She was visited by Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany on 25 June,{{sfn|St. Louis Republic 26 June 1903}} and by the Prince of Wales – who would later become King George V of the United Kingdom – on 13 July.{{sfn|The San Francisco Call 14 July 1903}}

Kearsarge returned to Bar Harbor, Maine, on 26 July,{{sfn|The San Francisco Call 27 July 1903}} and resumed her position as flagship.{{sfn|The Washington Times 3 August 1903}} On 1 December the ship sailed from New York for Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, where she was present as the United States took formal possession of the Guantanamo Naval Reservation on 10 December.{{sfn|The San Francisco Call 2 December 1903}}{{sfn|The San Francisco Call 11 December 1903}} On 26 March 1904 Captain Raymond P. Rodgers assumed command of the ship.{{sfn|Evening Bulletin 26 March 1904}} Following maneuvers in the Caribbean Sea,{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} Kearsarge left with the North Atlantic Squadron for Lisbon, Portugal, where she met King Carlos I of Portugal on 11 June 1904.{{sfn|St. Louis Republic 12 June 1904}} Independence Day was celebrated in Phaleron Bay, Greece, with King George I of Greece and his son and daughter-in-law, Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg.{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} The squadron visited Corfu,{{sfn|Evening Star 8 July 1904}} Trieste,{{sfn|Evening Star 8 July 1904}} and Fiume{{sfn|Edgefield Advertiser 3 August 1904}} before returning to Newport, Rhode Island, on 29 August 1904.{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}}

On 31 March 1905, {{USS|Maine|BB-10|2}} replaced Kearsarge as flagship of the North Atlantic Fleet,{{sfn|Evening Star 24 March 1905}} although she remained with the fleet.{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} Captain Herbert Winslow took command of the ship during December.{{sfn|Evening Star 13 December 1905}} On 13 April 1906, while participating in an exercise off Cape Cruz, Cuba, the gunpowder in a 13-inch gun ignited accidentally, killing two officers and eight men.{{sfn|Pensacola Journal 21 April 1905}}{{sfn|New-York Tribune 24 April 1905}}

File:USS Kearsarge in great white fleet 1908.jpg]]

Attached to the Fourth Division of the Second Squadron,{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=46}} and under command of Captain Hamilton Hutchins,{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=177}} she sailed on 16 December 1907 with the Great White Fleet.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=181}} The fleet left from Hampton Roads,{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=181}} passed by Trinidad and Rio de Janeiro,{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=54}} and then passed through the Straits of Magellan.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=66}} From there she passed by the west coast of South America, visiting Punta Arenas{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=64}} and Valparaíso, Chile,{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=67}} Callao, Peru,{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=69}} and Magdalena Bay, Mexico.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=73}} The fleet reached San Diego on 14 April 1908{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=184}} and moved on to San Francisco on 6 May.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=185}} Two months later the warships sailed for Honolulu, Hawaii,{{sfn|Albertson|2007|pp=90–95}} and from there to Auckland, New Zealand, arriving 9 August.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=95}} The fleet made Sydney, Australia, on 20 August, and after a week sailed for Melbourne.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=188}}

Kearsarge departed Albany, Western Australia, on 18 September for ports in the Philippine Islands, Japan, China, and Ceylon before transiting the Suez Canal.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|pp=188–190}} The fleet split at Port Said, with Kearsarge leaving on 10 January 1909 for Malta, and arriving in Algiers on 24 January, before reforming with the fleet at Gibraltar on 1 February. She returned to Hampton Roads on 22 February, and was inspected by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|pp=191–192}}

File:USS Kearsarge after WWI refit 1916.jpg

As with most of the Great White Fleet ships, Kearsarge was modernized on her return.{{sfn|Friedman|1985|p=82}} She was decommissioned at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 4 September 1909,{{sfn|Newhart|1995|p=21}} and the modernization was completed in 1911, at a cost of US$675,000.{{sfn|Friedman|1985|pp=82–83}} The ship received cage masts, new water-tube boilers, and another four 5-inch guns. The 1-pounder guns were removed, as were sixteen of the 6-pounders.{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=92}} She was recommissioned on 23 June 1915,{{sfn|Newhart|1995|p=21}} and operated along the Atlantic coast. On 17 September she left Philadelphia to land a detachment of US Marines at Veracruz, Mexico, remaining there from 28 September 1915 to 5 January 1916.{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} She then carried the Marines to New Orleans, Louisiana,{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} before joining the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Philadelphia on 4 February.{{sfn|Newhart|1995|p=21}} Until the United States joined World War I, she trained naval militia from Massachusetts and Maine. During the war she was used to train Armed Guard crews and naval engineers during cruises along the Atlantic seaboard.{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} On 18 August 1918 Kearsarge rescued 26 survivors of the Norwegian barque Nordhav which had been sunk by {{SMU|U-117||2}}, bringing them to Boston.{{sfn|Daniels|1920|p=95}}

File:USS Kearsarge as crane ship AB-1.jpg

Between 29 May and 29 August 1919, Kearsarge trained United States Naval Academy midshipmen in the Caribbean. Kearsarge sailed from Annapolis, Maryland to the Philadelphia Navy Yard, where she decommissioned on either 10 May{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}}{{sfn|Friedman|1985|p=419}}{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=179}} or 18 May 1920.{{sfn|NVR Crane Ship No. 1 (AB 1)}}{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=83}}

Kearsarge was converted into a crane ship, and was given hull classification symbol IX-16 on 17 July 1920,{{sfn|Bauer|Roberts|1991|p=103}} but it was changed to AB-1 on 5 August.{{sfn|Friedman|1985|p=419}}{{efn|name=classification}} Her turrets, superstructure, and armor were removed, and were replaced by a large revolving crane with a lifting capacity of 250 tons (230 tonnes), as well as {{convert|10|ft|adj=on}} blisters, which improved her stability.{{sfn|Graff|2010|p=54}} The crane ship was utilized often over the next 20 years, including the raising of {{USS|Squalus|SS-192|6}} in 1939.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=179}}

On 6 November 1941, Kearsarge was renamed Crane Ship No. 1, allowing her name to be given to {{USS|Hornet|CV-12|3}}, and later to {{USS|Kearsarge|CV-33|3}}.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=179}} She continued her service, however, handling guns, turrets, armor, and other heavy lifts for vessels such as {{USS|Indiana|BB-58|2}},{{sfn|Garzke|Dulin|1995|p=72}} {{USS|Alabama|BB-60|2}}, {{USS|Savannah|CL-42|2}}, {{USS|Chicago|CA-29|2}}, and {{USS|Pennsylvania|BB-38|2}}.{{sfn|Newhart|1995|p=21}}

She was transferred to the San Francisco Naval Shipyard in 1945, where she participated in the construction of Hornet and {{USS|Boxer|CV-21|2}} and the re-construction of {{USS|Saratoga|CV-3|2}}.{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} One of her last projects was performing heavy lifts during the reassembly of another crane vessel, YD-171 (ex-Schwimmkran nr. 1) on Terminal Island.{{sfn|Popular Mechanics|September 1948}} In 1948 she left the West Coast for the Boston Naval Shipyard.{{sfn|Morris|Kearns|2011|p=206}} On 22 June 1955 her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register, and she was sold for scrap on 9 August.{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=177}}

{{Notelist

|refs=

{{efn|name=classification|From the time of its conversion to a crane ship, the classification and naming of Kearsarge is highly problematic. The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships mentions that Kearsarge was reclassified as AB-1 on 5 August 1920, and that it was renamed to Crane Ship No. 1 on 6 November 1941.{{sfn|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}} This is repeated by a number of other sources.{{sfn|Friedman|1985|p=419}}{{sfn|Newhart|1995|p=21}}{{sfn|Albertson|2007|p=179}} However, the symbol AB was not used in 1920: Roberts claims the symbol was created in 1931,{{sfn|Roberts|2010}} while Reilly and Scheina claim it was established even later, in 1939.{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=93}} According to Reilly and Scheina, on 5 August 1920 Kearsarge (BB-5) became Kearsarge (Crane Ship No. 1), with the "Crane Ship" serving instead of a different designation, and on 15 April 1939,{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=83}} when the AB designation was adopted, she became Kearsarge (AB-1). In 1941, when the name Kearsarge was wanted for other ships, she was renamed, and she became Crane Ship No. 1 (AB-1).{{sfn|Reilly|Scheina|1980|p=93}}

The IX-16 classification is also uncertain. Bauer and Roberts report that Kearsarge was reclassified as IX-16 on 17 July 1920, before being classified AB-1 on 15 April 1939,{{sfn|Bauer|Roberts|1991|p=103}} although Roberts also claims that the designation IX-16 may have been used for {{USS|Tallahassee|BM-9}} between 1921 and 1922, and that this was before it was used for Kearsarge.{{sfn|Roberts|2010}} However, a number of other sources also mention Kearsarge being designated IX-16.{{sfn|Fitzsimons|1978|p=1581}}{{sfn|Polmar|2005|p=242}}

}}

}}

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• {{cite DANFS

| title = Kearsarge

| url = https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/k/kearsarge-ii.html

| access-date = 13 January 2017

| ref = {{sfnRef|DANFS Kearsarge (BB-5)}}

}}

• {{cite web

| title = Crane Ship No. 1 (AB 1)

| url = {{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=AB1}}

| work = Naval Vessel Register

| publisher = United States Navy

| access-date = 11 January 2013

| ref = {{sfnRef|NVR Crane Ship No. 1 (AB 1)}}

}}

• {{cite web

| url = http://www.shipscribe.com/usnaux/IX3/IX3type.html

| title = Unclassified (IX), Special Types

| last = Roberts

| first = Stephen S.

|date=December 2010

| work = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy: Auxiliary Vessels 1884–1945

| access-date = 31 January 2013

}}

• {{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CtkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA96 |title=One Crane Builds Another |author= |date=September 1948 |magazine=Popular Mechanics |pages=96–97 |volume=90 |number=3 |publisher=Popular Mechanics Company |access-date=18 November 2016|ref={{sfnRef|Popular Mechanics|September 1948}}}}

• {{cite book

| last = Alden

| first = John D.

| year = 1989

| title = American Steel Navy: A Photographic History of the U.S. Navy from the Introduction of the Steel Hull in 1883 to the Cruise of the Great White Fleet

| location = Annapolis, Maryland

| publisher = Naval Institute Press

| isbn = 0-87021-248-6

}}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20030407133249/http://history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-k/bb5.htm Naval Historical Center USS Kearsarge (Battleship # 5), 1900–1955. Later Crane Ship # 1 (AB-1).]
• [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/uss_kearsarge_bb5_craneship_1_ab1.htm MaritimeQuest USS Kearsarge BB-5 Photo Gallery]
• {{navsource|01/05a|Kearsarge}}
• [https://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/man-findingaids/MS_314.EAD.xml Rough Log Book of the U.S.S. Kearsarge, 1901 MS 314] held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

{{Kearsarge class battleship}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kearsarge (BB-05)}}

Category:Kearsarge-class battleships

Category:1898 ships

Category:Banana Wars ships of the United States

Category:World War I battleships of the United States

Category:Crane ships of the United States Navy

Category:World War II auxiliary ships of the United States

Category:Ships built in Newport News, Virginia

Category:Crane vessels

Category:Floating cranes

Category:Individual cranes (machines)