:Walter Hunt (inventor)

Walter Hunt was born July 29, 1796, in the town of Martinsburg, in Lewis County in the state of New York. He was the first born child of Sherman Hunt and Rachel Hunt. He had twelve siblings. Hunt received his childhood education in a one-room schoolhouse. Hunt was muscular, tall and slender with a ruddy complexion.{{sfn|Kane|1997|pages = 1,13}} He married Polly Loucks in 1814 and they had four children. Hunt went to college and earned a master's degree in masonry in 1817 at the age of 21.{{cite web |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=Biographies&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&hitCount=4&searchType=PersonSearchForm¤tPosition=2&docId=GALE%7CK1631007661&docType=Biography&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=ZXAM-MOD1&prodId=BIC&pageNum=1&contentSet=GALE%7CK1631007661&searchId=R1&userGroupName=wikipedia&inPS=true |title= Walter Hunt |author= |date=2001 |website=Encyclopedia of World Biography Online (subscription required) |publisher= Gale, a Cengage Company|access-date=March 21, 2022 |quote= }}

Hunt traveled to New York City in 1826 to get money for one of his inventions. While there he witnessed an accident where a horse-drawn carriage ran over a child.{{cite web |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=Biographies&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=MultiTab&hitCount=1&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm¤tPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CK1647000190&docType=Biography&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=ZXAM-MOD1&prodId=BIC&pageNum=1&contentSet=GALE%7CK1647000190&searchId=R2&userGroupName=wikipedia&inPS=true |title= Walter Hunt |author= |date=2006 |website=World of Invention Online (subscription required) |publisher= Gale, a Cengage Company|access-date=March 22, 2022 |quote= }} The accident event motivated him to come up with a metal bell that was operated with a hammer that could be controlled by one of driver's feet without letting go of the horse reins. Hunt patented his new innovation on July 30, 1827.{{sfn|Hunt|1935|page=3}}{{sfn|Kane|1997|pages=34-42}} He promoted his concept to many prospects and eventually was able to sell his foot operated coach alarm mechanism idea to the stagecoach operators Kipp and Brown.{{sfn|Kane|1997|pages=43-44}} Hunt's innovation was soon adopted by most public horse-drawn vehicles throughout the city.{{sfn|Kane|1997|page=45}}{{sfn|Kane|1997|pages=45-56}} Hunt's coach alarm was further developed and used throughout the United States.{{cite news |author= |date=September 20, 1937 |title=Seeking Honor For Inventor of Sewing Machine |page=2|url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108298569/the-jackson-sun/ |work=The Jackson Sun |location=Jackson, Tennessee|access-date=August 25, 2022}}

Hunt was a prolific inventor. From 1827 to 1830, while earning a living in the real estate field, he invented a fire engine, an improvement for hard coal-burning stoves, the first home knife sharpener,{{sfn|Brandon|1977|page=58}} and a restaurant steam table apparatus.{{sfn|Kane|1997|pages=57-68}} He also invented the precursor of the Winchester repeating rifle{{sfn|Bowman|1958|pages=54, 55}}{{cite news |author= |date=June 28, 1991 |title=Winchester / An American Legend |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108301869/chino-champion/ |work=Chino Champion |location=Chino, California |access-date=August 25, 2022}} {{cite news |author= |date=October 20, 1949 |title=Sports Afield |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108302921/the-lake-geneva-regional-news/ |work=Lake Geneva Regional News |location=Lake Geneva, New York |access-date=August 25, 2022}} and the forerunner of the American fountain pen as used in the twentieth century.{{sfn|Kane|1997|page=302}}{{sfn|Tonson|1848|page=243}}{{sfn|Wilson|2017|page=33}} Additionally, Hunt invented a flax spinner, an improved oil lamp, artificial stone, the first rotary street sweeping machine,{{sfn|Brandon|1977|page=58}}{{sfn|Thanhauser|2022|page=34}} mail sorting machinery, velocipedes, and ice plows.{{sfn|Lamphier|Welch|2019|page=284}} He also made improvements to guns, cylindro-conoidal bullets,{{sfn|Hellstrom|1953|pages=13, 14}} ice-breaking wooden hull boats, paraffin oil candles, velocipedes, machines for making rivets and nails, and self-closing inkwells.{{sfn|Abbot|1944|page=249}}{{sfn|Keeley|1950|page=27}} He also invented the Antipodean Performers suction-cup shoes claimed to be used by circus performers to ascend up solid side walls and walk upside down across high ceilings.{{cite news |last= |first=|date= April 9, 1955 |title= Patent Laws Spur Inventiveness |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84028102/1955-04-09/ed-1/seq-6/#date1=1777&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Hunt+Inventor+inventor+inventors+Walter&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=walter+hunt&andtext=inventor&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 |work= The Geauga Record |page= 6 |location= Chardon, Ohio }}{{cite web |url= https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-inventive-mind-of-walter-hunt-yankee-mechanical-genius-5331323/|title= The Inventive Mind of Walter Hunt, Yankee Mechanical Genius |author= Jimmy Stamp|date=2013 |website=Smithsonian arts-culture|publisher= Smithsonian |access-date=March 23, 2022 |quote= }} He did not realize the significance of many of his inventions when he produced them and sold off most of his patent rights to others for low prices making little for himself in the long run.{{cite web |url= https://biography.yourdictionary.com/walter-hunt|title= Walter Hunt |author= |date=2021 |website=Your Dictionary|access-date=April 18, 2022 |quote= }} In the twentieth century many of his patented devices were widely used everyday common products.{{cite news |last= Block |first=Jean Libman|date= February 22, 1952 |title= The Forgotten Inventor |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98138233/ |work= The Sun Times |page= 4 |location= Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}}

File:Walter Hunt's 1854 sewing machine patent model.tif

He developed the first modern feasible operating sewing machine sometime between the years 1835 and 1837{{sfn|Byrn|1900|page=184}} at his Amos Street shop that was up a narrow alley in Abingdon Square{{sfn|Parton|1872|page=19}} at the borough of Manhattan in the city of New York.{{sfn|Kane|1997|pages=69-76}} He manufactured and sold a few of these machines at the time.{{cite news |last= Kaghan |first=Theodore|date= March 26, 1939 |title= Humanity's Hall of Fame |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98094770/ |work= The Cincinnati Enquirer |page= 98 |location= Cincinnati, Ohio|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} He never initially patented the mechanical device he created that used a lockstitch for sewing.{{sfn|Cooper|1968|page=11}} It had a characteristic of an eye-pointed needle and used two threads whereby one thread passed through a twisted loop in the other thread and then both interlocked.{{cite news |last= |first=|date= June 19, 1889 |title= The History of Sewing Machines !! |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98097116/ |work= The Indiana Progress |page= 13 |location= Indiana, Pennsylvania|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} The uniqueness of this was that it was the initial time an engineer or technician inventor had not imitated a single stitch done by hand and used two interlocking threads at a seam.{{sfn|Fulton|2008|page=846}} He used a technique for sewing which was revolutionary at the time.{{sfn|Cooper|1968|page=11}}{{sfn|Fulton|2008|page=846}} The eye opening was near the point of the needle and operated on a vibrating arm and a loop was formed under the cloth by this thread through which a shuttle, reeling off another thread, was forced back and forth making an interlocked stitch.{{sfn|Singer Sewing Machine|1897|page=13}}

Hunt completed his working model before he showed it to anyone.{{sfn|Kane|1997|page=72}}

Hunt sold one-half the patent rights in 1834 to businessman and blacksmith George A. Arrowsmith who never manufactured it to sell.{{cite news |last= |first=|date= November 5, 1878 |title= The Sewing Machine, Its History and Development |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98135620/ |work= The Courier and Argus |page= 7 |location= Dundee, Tayside, Scotland|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}}{{cite news |last= |first=|date= April 18, 1868 |title= The Rise and Progress of the Sewing Machine Trade |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98135917/ |work= Glasgow Herald |page= 3 |location= Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}}{{sfn|Kane|1997|pages=76-79}} He instead had Hunt's wooden version duplicated in iron by Adoniram, Hunt's brother. Adoniram was a skilled mechanic and duplicated the original wooden version. It performed better because no splinters of wood impeded the passage of the cloth.{{sfn|Kane|1997|pages=74}} Arrowsmith had no interest patenting the sewing machine then and had decided to postpone that step for a later time. He gave as reasons for not procuring a patent that 1) he was busy with other businesses then; 2) the expense of getting the appropriate drawings and paperwork together to register a patent was more than he could afford and; 3) the difficulty of introducing the new sewing machine into public use, saying it would have cost two thousand ({{Inflation|US|2000|1834|fmt=eq|r=-1}}) or three thousand ({{Inflation|US|3000|1834|fmt=eq|r=-1}}) dollars to start the sewing machine business.{{sfn|Singer Sewing Machine|1897|page=13}} Had he seen the newspaper article titled Sewing by Machinery of December 1835 and January 1836 that was in many nationwide newspapers he may have applied for a patent right away,{{cite news |last= |first=|date= January 6, 1836 |title= Sewing by Machinery|url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98282439/ |work= National Banner and Nashville Wig|page= 2 |location= Nashville, Tennessee|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}}{{sfn|Kane|1997|page=79}} because it said that a mechanic of Rochester had invented a machine for making clothes which would thereafter take the place of fingers and thimbles.{{cite news |author= |date=January 29, 1836 |title=Sewing by Machinery |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108312789/the-weekly-mississippian/ |work=The Weekly Mississippian |location=Jackson, Mississippi |access-date=August 25, 2022}}

Hunt did not seek a patent for his sewing machine at the time because he worried it would create unemployment with seamstresses.{{sfn|Klooster|2009|page=172}}{{sfn|Lewtin|1930|page=559}} History records show that his wife and daughter advised him against marketing his sewing apparatus.{{cite news |last= |first=|date= July 11, 1878 |title= Do Inventions Injuren the Laborer?|url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98098073/ |work= The Jackson Standard |page= 1 |location= Jackson, Ohio|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}}{{sfn|Kane|1997|page=76}} Hunt's daughter Caroline operated a corset-making shop with twelve seamstress ladies and was watching out for their interest and thousands of other seamstresses. This ultimately led to a court case in 1854 when the lockstitch sewing machine concept was applied for by Elias Howe in a patent application.{{cite news|title=Inspiring innovators: Walter Hunt|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/innovation/2011/0429/1224295375203.html|access-date=October 28, 2011|newspaper=Irish Times|date=April 29, 2011|location=Ireland|first=Davin|last=O'Dwyer}} Hunt submitted his initial application for his 1834 sewing machine on April 2, 1853. Records at the Supreme Court show Hunt's invention was made before Howe's machine and the Patent Office identified Hunt's preexistence but it did not issue a patent to him for this.{{cite news |last= |first=|date= April 9, 1889 |title= Walter Hunt, Inventor |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98104118/ |work= The Brooklyn Daily Eagle|page= 23 |location= Brooklyn, New York|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} The reason was because he had not filled out the proper paperwork for a patent before Howe's paperwork application and had abandoned the design experiment of the 1830s.{{sfn|Keiper|1924|page=60}} Hunt acquired public acknowledgement for his invention, however Howe's official patent remained lawful because of the technicality of the timing of the paperwork. Isaac Singer arranged to give Hunt $50,000 ({{Inflation|US|50000|1858|fmt=eq|r=-1}}) in installments for his sewing machine design in 1858 in order to clear up the patent confusion about sewing machines, but Hunt died before Singer was able to consummate the agreement.{{cite web |url= https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1070410|title=1854 - Walter Hunt's Patent Model of a Sewing Machine |author= |date= |website=Americanhistory.si.edu |publisher= Smithsonian - National Museum of American History|access-date=March 21, 2022 |quote=}}

File:1849 Safety Pin model representation.jpg

Hunt thought little of the safety pin, his best-known invention. He sold his patent of it for $400 ({{Inflation|US|400|1849|fmt=eq|r=-1}}) to W R Grace and Company, to pay a draftsman he owed $15 to ({{Inflation|US|15|1849|fmt=eq|r=-1}}). J.R. Chapin pressured Hunt to pay off what was due to him for the drafting work he had done on previous inventions that needed patent drawings for application submissions.{{sfn|Meyer|1962|page=267}}

Hunt came up with the safety pin ("C") in 1849 through experimentation with high tension wire.{{cite news |last= |first=|date= April 17, 1971 |title= The first modern safety pin |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98159518/ |work= The Evening Review |page= 7 |location= East Liverpool, Ohio|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} His invention was an improvement on the current way clothing items were attached together before because of a protective clasp ("D") at the end and a coiled wire design ("B") with a spring tension on the pointed end leg ("A") to keep it in the protective clasp even if the pin device was moved around. The basic design is the same in the twentieth century as when Hunt came up with the device in the nineteenth century and is manufactured inexpensively now.{{cite news |last= Block |first=Jean Libman|date= September 30, 2002 |title= Joseph Kane, 103; Author Gug for Forgotten Facts and History |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99279310/ |work= The Los Angeles Times |page=74 |location= Los Angeles, California|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} W R Grace and Company made millions of dollars profit off the product.{{sfn|Ayres|2021|page=167}}

File:Shirt collar patent no 14,019.jpg

One of Hunt's popular inventions was a paper shirt collar. This time he sold the patented design and negotiated for royalty payments, but the item only became popular after he died. The unusual item was first put on sale in New York City in 1854 and used then mostly for stage purposes. In time it became fashionable and the general public then started using them. High production of the item came about and at one time there were as many as forty factories making paper collars in the United States. The manufactured output in 1868 became 400,000 that were sold to the general public.{{cite news |last= |first=|date= August 1, 1920 |title= Brooklyn Man's Name submitted for Hall of Fame |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98137641/ |work= The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |page= 21 |location= Brooklyn, New York|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} {{Source-attribution}}

File:Paper collar.jpg

File:Hunt tombstone 2012 far.jpg

Hunt often used the legal services and patent research work of Charles Grafton Page, a certified patent lawyer who had worked at the Patent Office before, when seeking a potential patent for one of his inventions.{{sfn|Post|1976|page=159}} His inventions covered a wide variety of fields and subjects. About two dozen of Hunt's inventions are still used in the form in which he created them over one hundred years ago.{{sfn|Kane|1997|page=xi}}

Some of Hunt's important inventions are shown below with the patent drawings.

File:Patent 4927.jpg|Fountain pen
Patent 4927

File:Patent 6281.jpg|Safety pin
Patent 6281

File:Patent 3305.png|Nail making machine
Patent 3305

File:Patent 11,161.jpg|Sewing machine Patent #11,161 (issued June 27, 1854)

File:Patent 9,527.jpg|Swivel-Cap Stopper
Patent 9,527

File:Patent 4221.jpg|Inkstand
Patent 4221

File:Patent 6,663.jpg|Firing cock repeating gun
Patent 6663

File:Patent 958.png|Ice Boat
Patent 958

Hunt created numerous usable everyday inventions in his lifetime, however he never became independently wealthy from them.{{sfn|Fulton|2008|page=846}} He died of pneumonia at his place of business in New York City on June 8, 1859. He is interred in Green-Wood Cemetery at Brooklyn, New York.{{cite news |last= |first=|date= May 5, 1995 |title= Brooklyn Deadly serious / Guides lifetime love is tombs of departed |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98141887/ |work= The Courier-Journal |page= 2 |location= Louisville, Kentucky|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}}{{cite news |last= |first=|date= June 11, 1978 |title= 'Here Lies America' is aimed at grave cultists |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98157386/ |work= The Times-News |page= 68 |location= Twin Falls, Idaho|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} His grave is marked by a small red granite shaft about a hundred feet from Howe's massive bust monument.{{sfn|Kane|1997|page=xi}}{{cite news |last= |first=|date= August 27, 1937 |title= Today's Housewife Is Using Hunt's Everyday Inventions|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98382597/ |work= Dayton Daily News |page= 14 |location= Dayton, Ohio|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}}

Hunt was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006 for the safety pin invention.{{cite web |url=https://www.invent.org/inductees/walter-hunt|title= Walter Hunt / Safety Pin |author= |date=2022 |website= Inductees - Walter Hunt/Safety Pin |publisher= National Inventors Hall of Fame |access-date=March 22, 2022 |quote= }}{{cite news |last= |first=|date= May 5, 2006 |title= National Inventors Hall of Fame Class of 2006 |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98158394/ |work= The Akron Beacon Journal |page= Aoo4 |location= Akron, Ohio|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} Many of Hunt's invention ideas are in actual use today and are basically the same device as when he patented them more than a hundred years ago. Some of those others besides the safety pin and sewing machine{{cite news |last= |first=|date= August 1, 1920 |title= Brooklyn Man's Name submitted for Hall of Fame |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99278266/ |work= The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |page= 21 |location= Brooklyn, New York|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} are a device which regulates the amount of liquid that comes from a bottle with each tilt, a bottle stopper, springy attachment for adjustments to belts and suspenders, and a nail making machine.{{sfn|Hunt|1935|pages=5-6}}{{cite web |url= https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/walter-hunt|title= Walter Hunt |author= |date=2021 |website=Smithsonian arts-culture|publisher= Smithsonian |access-date=March 23, 2022 |quote= }}

• Daniel Davis Jr.

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book|last= Abbot|first= Charles Greeley |title= The Smithsonian series| url= |date= 1944|publisher= Smithsonian Institution|quote= His second patent was for a coach alarm, and through the years he received patents for a variety of things including a knife sharpener, heating stove, ice boat, nail machine, inkwell, fountain; pen, safety pin, bottle stopper, sewing machine (1854), paper collars, and a reversible metallic heel.|oclc=936943099}}
• {{cite book|last= Ayres|first= Robert U. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1262192914 |title=The history and future of technology : can technology save humanity from extinction? |date= 2021|publisher= Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-3-030-71393-5 |location=Cham |oclc=1262192914}}
• {{cite book|last= Bowman|first= Hank Wieand |title= Famous guns from the Winchester Collection| url= |date= 1958|publisher= Arco Company |oclc=2481891}}
• {{cite book |last=Brandon |first=Ruth |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3270495 |title=Singer and the sewing machine : a capitalist romance |date=1977 |publisher=Barrie & Jenkins |isbn=0-214-20156-2 |location=London |oclc=3270495}}
• {{cite book|last= Byrn|first= Edward Wright |title= Progress of Invention in Nineteenth Century| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wOgyAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Between+1832+and+1835+Walter+Hunt+of+New+York+made+a+lock-stitch+sewing+machine%22&pg=PA184 |date= 1900|publisher= Munn & Company|quote=Between 1832 and 1835 Walter Hunt made a lock-stitch sewing machine, but abandoned it. |oclc=84303615}}
• {{cite book|last= Cooper|first= Grace Rogers |title= Invention of the Sewing machine| url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d00562309g&view=1up&seq=23&skin=2021&q1=eye%20pointed |date= 1968|pages= 243 v |publisher= Smithsonian Institution |oclc=453666|quote=Sometime between 1832 and 1834 he produced at his shop in New York a machine that made a lockstitch.}}
• {{cite book|last= Fulton|first= Robert |title= Inventors and Inventions| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN9780761477617 |date= 2008|publisher= Springer International Publishing |isbn=9780761477617}}
• {{cite book|last= Hellstrom|first=Carl R. |title= Smith & Waeeon | url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b5000169&view=1up&seq=19&skin=2021&q1=walter%20hunt |date= 1953|publisher= Pioneer publishing company |oclc=775873942}}
• {{cite book|last= Hunt|first= Clinton N. |title= Walter Hunt, American inventor| url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015018057847&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021|quote=Page 5 -1847, January13 - Foundation pen. The forerunner of the modern fountain pen. |date= 1935|publisher= C.N. Hunt|oclc=250585694}}
• {{cite book|last=Kane|first=Joseph Nathan |author-link=Joseph Nathan Kane |edition=1st |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35777327 |location=Jefferson, N.C. |oclc=35777327 |title=Necessity's child : the story of Walter Hunt, Americaʼs forgotten inventor |date= 1997|publisher=McFarland Publishing |isbn=978-0-7864-0279-3|quote=1847, January13 - Foundation pen. The forerunner of the modern fountain pen.}}
• {{cite book|last= Keeley|first= Joseph Charles |title= Making inventions pay| url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b75796&view=1up&seq=45&skin=2021&q1=walter%20hunt |date= 1950|publisher= Whittlesey House |oclc=2618845|quote= Hunt; obtained patents on many devices, among them the fountain pen, the breech-loading rifle, nail-making machines, and paper collars. ...}}
• {{cite book|last= Keiper|first= Frank |title= Pioneer inventions + pioneer patents| url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015012088970&view=1up&seq=72&skin=2021&q1=walter%20hunt |date= 1924|publisher= Pioneer publishing company |oclc=1382071}}
• {{Cite book |last=Klooster |first=John W. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/647903993 |title=Icons of invention : the makers of the modern world from Gutenberg to Gates |date=2009 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-34744-3 |location=Santa Barbara, California |oclc=647903993}}
• {{cite book|last1= Lamphier |first1= Peg A. |last2=Welch |first2=Rosanne |title=Technical innovation in American history : an encyclopedia of science and technology |date=2019|publisher=ABC-CLIO Publishing |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1054271035 |isbn=978-1-61069-093-5 |location=Santa Barbara, California |oclc=1054271035}}
• {{cite book|last= Lewtin|first= Frederick Lewis |title= Servant in the house - brief history of sewing machine|series= Publication ;3056 | url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044058247750&view=1up&seq=9&skin=2021&q1=walter%20hunt |date= 1930|publisher= Washington DC Government Printing Office. United States National Museum / Curator, Division of Textiles|oclc=45451578}}
• {{cite book|last= Meyer|first= Jerome Sydney |title= Great Inventions| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=b3ZEAAAAIAAJ&q=draftsman+%22J.R.+Chapin%22 |date= 1962|publisher= Pocket Books|oclc=655232775}}
• {{cite book|last= Parton|first= James |title= History of the sewing machine| url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=dul1.ark:/13960/t44r2r98g&view=1up&seq=23&skin=2021&q1=walter%20hunt |date= 1872|publisher= The Howe machine company |oclc=68784579}}
• {{cite book|last= Post|first= Robert C. |title= Physics, Patents, and Politics - Biography of Charles G. Page| url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2869290 |edition=1st |location=New York |oclc=2869290 |date= 1976 |publisher=Science History Publications |isbn=9780882020464}}
• {{cite book|last= Singer Sewing Machine|title= Story of the Sewing Machine| url= |date= 1897|publisher=Press of F. V. Strauss |oclc=8998696}}
• {{cite book|last= Thanhauser|first= Sofi |title=Worn: a people's history of clothing | url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1248598617 |date=2022 |publisher=Doubleday Publishing |isbn=9781524748395 |edition=First |location=New York |oclc=1248598617}}
• {{cite book|last= Tonson|first= J and R |title= The Tatler, Lucubrations of Isaac Bickerstaff, Volume 1| url= |date= 1848|publisher=Buckland H. Woodfall|quote=Walter Hunt City of New York January 13, 1847 - for improvement in the Fountain Pen. }}
• {{cite book|last= Wilson|first=Paul C. |title= How Inventions Really Happened| url= |date= 2017|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing |quote=Hunt's fountain pen closely resembled the type universally used in the first half of the twentieth century.}}

{{commons category|Walter Hunt (inventor)|Walter Hunt}}

{{Portal|Biography}}

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9Qhoa7Be4c You Tube video on Walter Hunt's safety pin patent history]
• [https://sewalot.com/walter%20hunt.htm Walter Hunt - The Man Who Invented Sewing Machine]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hunt, Walter}}

Category:1796 births

Category:1859 deaths

Category:American mechanical engineers

Category:19th-century American inventors

Category:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery

Category:People from Martinsburg, New York