:Xingguo County
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Xingguo County
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|兴国县}}}}
|official_name =
|other_name = Hingkwo
|settlement_type = County
|nickname = County of Generals ({{lang|zh-hans|将军县}})
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = 342400
|area_code = 0797
|image_skyline =
|image_caption =
|image_map = Jiangxi Xingguo.svg
|map_caption = Location of Xingguo County (red) in Jiangxi
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Jiangxi
|subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city
|subdivision_name2 = Ganzhou
|seat = Lianjiang ({{lang|zh-hans|潋江镇}})
|area_total_km2 = 3214.46
|length_km = 84
|width_km = 71.5
|population_total = 719830
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_density_km2 = auto
|coordinates_footnotes =
|coordinates = {{coord|26|20|02|N|115|20|46|E|region:CN-36_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_ft =
|elevation_m =
|timezone = China Standard
|utc_offset = +8
|website = {{URL|www.xingguo.gov.cn}}
}}
Xingguo County ({{zh|s=兴国县 |t=興國縣 |p=Xīngguó Xiàn}}) is a county in south central Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of and located in the north of the prefecture-level city of Ganzhou, with a total area of {{convert|3214.46|km2|abbr=on}}. Its population was 719,830 at the 2010 census.
History
In 236 during the Three Kingdoms period Pingyang County was set up in the current area of Xingguo County. In 982 during the Northern Song period the county of Xingguo was set up, named after the Taipingxingguo era (AD 976 – 984) of the emperor of that time.
Xingguo was one of the counties controlled by the Chinese Communist Party in the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet, a constituent entity of the Chinese Soviet Republic from 1931. Xingguo county was the site of pioneering achievements in land reform, educational reform, and organizational development.{{Cite book |last=Heilmann |first=Sebastian |url= |title=Red Swan: How Unorthodox Policy-Making Facilitated China’s Rise |date=2018 |publisher=The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press |isbn=978-962-996-827-4 |author-link=Sebastian Heilmann}}{{Rp|page=49}} Mao Zedong praised these successes as part of "Xingguo Model" in 1934, and they became an important point of reference for other Communist Party policy experiments in the later 1930s and the 1940s.{{Rp|page=49}}
The county was captured by the Kuomintang forces in 1934 as part of the fifth encirclement campaign.
Administration
As of end of 2019, Xingguo has jurisdiction over 8 towns, 17 townships and 1 economic development zone. The seat of the county locates at the Lianjiang Town.
;8 towns
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;17 townships
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Geography
=Location=
Xingguo County locates in the central south of Jiangxi Province, and in the north of Ganzhou prefectural level city. The distance to the center of Ganzhou is about 82 kilometers, and the distance to the provincial capital Nanchang is about 346 kilometers.
=Topography=
The length from east to west is 84 kilometers and the width from north to south is 71.5 kilometers. Xingguo is mostly covered by hills and mountains: mountains over 1000 meters on the east, north and west edges, while hilly areas in the center and south parts, with a small basin around the county seat Lianjiang Town. The highest point is the Mount Dawushan at Fengbian Township in the north with elevation of 1204 meters, while the lowest point locates at Mubu Village, Longkou Township in the south with elevation of 127.9 meters.
=Rivers=
The rivers in Xingguo are mostly tributaries to Gong River, which forms Gan River together with Zhang River near the city center of Ganzhou.
There are several reservoirs in Xingguo, the largest one being Changgang Reservoir at Changgang Township.
=Climate=
Xingguo has a humid subtropical climate. The annual average temperature is 19.0 °C, and the average annual precipitation is 1545 mm.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Xingguo, elevation {{convert|184|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
|Jan high C = 12.2
|Feb high C = 15.1
|Mar high C = 18.3
|Apr high C = 24.7
|May high C = 28.8
|Jun high C = 31.3
|Jul high C = 34.5
|Aug high C = 33.9
|Sep high C = 30.8
|Oct high C = 26.5
|Nov high C = 21.0
|Dec high C = 15.0
|Jan mean C = 7.8
|Feb mean C = 10.3
|Mar mean C = 13.8
|Apr mean C = 19.7
|May mean C = 23.9
|Jun mean C = 26.8
|Jul mean C = 29.2
|Aug mean C = 28.5
|Sep mean C = 25.6
|Oct mean C = 20.8
|Nov mean C = 15.3
|Dec mean C = 9.6
|Jan low C = 4.9
|Feb low C = 7.2
|Mar low C = 10.7
|Apr low C = 16.1
|May low C = 20.4
|Jun low C = 23.5
|Jul low C = 25.1
|Aug low C = 24.8
|Sep low C = 21.9
|Oct low C = 16.8
|Nov low C = 11.4
|Dec low C = 6.0
|Jan record high C = 26.4 |Jan record low C = -4.5
|Feb record high C = 30.5 |Feb record low C = -3.3
|Mar record high C = 31.9 |Mar record low C = -1.7
|Apr record high C = 34.7 |Apr record low C = 3.8
|May record high C = 36.0 |May record low C = 10.0
|Jun record high C = 37.5 |Jun record low C = 14.2
|Jul record high C = 40.4 |Jul record low C = 19.3
|Aug record high C = 40.4 |Aug record low C = 20.3
|Sep record high C = 37.9 |Sep record low C = 13.9
|Oct record high C = 36.5 |Oct record low C = 5.0
|Nov record high C = 32.8 |Nov record low C = -0.7
|Dec record high C = 26.6 |Dec record low C = -6.3
|year high C = |year low C =
|year high F = |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 70.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 92.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 178.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 173.7
|May precipitation mm = 230.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 258.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 160.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 163.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 68.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 57.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 74.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 53.1
|Jan humidity = 78
|Feb humidity = 79
|Mar humidity = 82
|Apr humidity = 80
|May humidity = 80
|Jun humidity = 80
|Jul humidity = 73
|Aug humidity = 76
|Sep humidity = 76
|Oct humidity = 73
|Nov humidity = 76
|Dec humidity = 75
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 11.2
|Feb precipitation days = 12.6
|Mar precipitation days = 17.9
|Apr precipitation days = 16.4
|May precipitation days = 17.3
|Jun precipitation days = 16.8
|Jul precipitation days = 11.5
|Aug precipitation days = 14.0
|Sep precipitation days = 8.6
|Oct precipitation days = 5.9
|Nov precipitation days = 7.7
|Dec precipitation days = 8.4
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 81.3
|Feb sun = 82.3
|Mar sun = 79.5
|Apr sun = 109.5
|May sun = 129.1
|Jun sun = 143.3
|Jul sun = 244.3
|Aug sun = 216.1
|Sep sun = 179.9
|Oct sun = 166.6
|Nov sun = 134.5
|Dec sun = 120.4
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 25
| Feb percentsun = 26
| Mar percentsun = 21
| Apr percentsun = 29
| May percentsun = 31
| Jun percentsun = 35
| Jul percentsun = 58
| Aug percentsun = 54
| Sep percentsun = 49
| Oct percentsun = 47
| Nov percentsun = 42
| Dec percentsun = 37
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 1.8
|Feb snow days = 1.0
|Mar snow days = 0.1
|Apr snow days = 0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0
|Dec snow days = 0.5
|year snow days =
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 June 2023}}
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 June 2023}}
}}
Demographics
According to the official website, the population in 2015 was about 820,000. Xingguo is Hakka area, the ancestors of the population mostly came from Henan, Gansu and other provinces such as Shaanxi, Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong.
There are a small number of She people living in Xingguo. According to the records, there were 810 households and 4419 She people in 1986. Four villages in Xingguo are designated to She people.
Places of interests
File:Inscription - Yongzhen Jiangnan.jpg
The Revolutionary Sites of Xingguo is on the list of Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level. It includes 5 different sites where Mao Zedong, Communist Party, and Red Army had had activities during 1929 - 1933. As a result of these activities, there has been 54 persons from Xingguo appointed as major generals, lieutenant generals, or colonel generals in the army (later additional 2 persons were appointed). So Xingguo is nicknamed as the County of Generals.
In addition, there are 19 historical and cultural sites protected at the provincial level, 9 sites at the prefectural city level, and 25 sites at the county level.
- Lianjiang Academy: Built in 1738 as an academy of classical learning. Mao Zedong held the training class for cadre on land reforms here in 1929. Later it functioned as the seat of the Soviet government of Xingguo County from 1930 to 1934. Protected at the national level as a part of the Revolutionary Sites of Xingguo.
- Zhuhua Pagoda: Initially built during the Tang dynasty, later rebuilt in 1550 during the Ming dynasty. The central pillar is in square shape, which is quite uncommon among pagodas. Protected at the provincial level.
- Inscription "Yongzhen Jiangnan" ("Eternally safeguarding the south of Yangtze") by Wen Tianxiang: It locates in a temple at the top of Mount Dawushan. Protected at the provincial level.
- Bingxin Cave: Scenery with Danxia landform.
- Taipingyan Cave: A cave in Karst landscape area in Meijiao Town.
Transportation
=Highways and roads=
- Expressways of China: G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway, Xingguo–Ganxian Expressway
- China National Highways: G238, G319, G356
- Provincial roads: S227, S229
=Railway=
There are two railway stations in the county. High-speed services call at Xingguo West railway station and all other services call at Xingguo railway station.
=Air=
Both airports are within 100 kilometers distance.
Culture
=Hakka culture=
Xingguo is a settlement for Hakka people, so it has the characteristics of Hakka culture, including the Hakka Chinese language.
=Folk song=
In Xingguo there is a unique folk song genre called Xingguo Shan'ge (mountain song).
=Feng shui=
Xingguo is also one of the founding places of feng shui philosophy. Sanliao Village in Meijiao Town is known as the First Village of Feng Shui Culture.
Notable people
- Colonel generals: Chen Qihan, Xiao Hua
- Lieutenant general: Qiu Huizuo
- Politicians: Guo Shengkun, Wang Taihua, Yang Shangkui, Zeng Qinghong
Cuisine and specialities
- Xingguo red carp
- Steamed and dried sweet potato
- Xingguo fish noodle: made from fish meat and sweet potato powder.
- Fen long chuang: fish or meat covered by sweet potato powder, together with spicy taro or sweet potato slices and rice noodles, steamed in a big bamboo case. Together with 4 small dishes, Mao Zedong named it as Si xing wang yue (fours stars gazing at the moon).
References
{{Reflist|refs=
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External links
{{commons category}}
{{Wiktionary|Xingguo}}
- [http://www.xingguo.gov.cn/ Official website of Xingguo County government]
{{County-level divisions of Jiangxi}}
{{Authority control}}