:Yu Wuling

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Yu Wuling (810–?) was a Chinese poet of the late Tang dynasty. His birth name was Yu Ye; Wuling was his courtesy name.

He attained a jinshi degree in the imperial examination, but gave up his position in order to wander around the country.

His best-known poem is the jueju "Offering Wine", and Book 595 of the Quan Tangshi is devoted to his poetry.

Biography

File:Xiao and Xiang rivers.jpg

He was born in 810,{{sfnm|1a1=Britannica|1y=2014|2a1=Kageyama|2p=11}}{{efn|Ōtani 2013 and Ueki et al. 1999 both state that his year of birth is not known.}} in Duqu ({{zh|c=杜曲|p=Dùqū|w=Tuch'ü}}, in modern-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=133|1y=1999}} What little is known of his life comes from the Tang Cai Zi Zhuan.{{sfnm|1a1=Ōtani|1p=1|1y=2013}}

The name by which he is usually known,{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=133|1y=1999}} Wuling, was his courtesy name,{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=133|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}} his birth name having been Yu Ye.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=133|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}}

During the Dachong era (847–859){{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=133|1y=1999}} he attained a jinshi degree in the imperial examination.{{when|date=August 2018}}{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=133|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}} Unsatisfied with his position, he took up a life of wandering around various parts of the country.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=133|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}}

After giving up his position at court and travelling around the country, he is supposed to have shown particular fondness for Dongting Lake and the Xiang River.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1pp=133–4|1y=1999}} He spent his later years living in seclusion south of Mount Song.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=134|1y=1999}}

The date of his death is unknown.{{sfnm|1a1=Ōtani|1p=1|1y=2013|2a1=Ueki et al.|2p=133|2y=1999|3a1=Britannica|3y=2014|4a1=Kageyama|4p=11}}

Poetry

There is an anthology of his poetry called the Yu Wuling Ji ({{zh|c=于武陵集|p=Yú Wūlíng-jí|w=Yu¹ Wu²ling¹ Chi¹|l=Yu Wuling Anthology}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=134|1y=1999}} The two primary texts of his poems are found in Book 595 of the eighteenth-century Quan Tangshi and the Tangren Wushi Jia Xiaoji ({{zh|c=唐人五十家小集|p=Tángrén Wǔshí Jiā Xiǎojí}}), which each order his poems differently.{{sfnm|1a1=Ōtani|1p=2|1y=2013}}

His best-known poem is the jueju "Offering Wine" ({{zh|t=勸酒|s=劝酒|p=quàn jiū|w=ch'üan⁴ chiu²}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=134|1y=1999|2a1=Britannica|2y=2014}}

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TraditionalPoetry Nook entry [http://poetrynook.com/poem/%E5%8A%9D%E9%85%92-3 "Quàn Jiū"].\|\|Simplified\|\|Pinyin\|\|English translation (by Burton Watson)
valign=top \| :勸君金屈卮， :滿酌不須辭。 :花發多風雨， :人生足別離。 \| :劝君金屈卮， :满酌不须辞。 :花发多风雨， :人生足别离。 \| :quàn jūn jīn qū zhī, :mǎn zhuó bù xū cí. :huā fā duō fēng yǔ, :rén shēng zú bié lí. \| :I offer you the golden flagon; :do not disdain its brimming gift. :Wind and rain await the opening flower, :and partings make up too much of our life.

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TraditionalPoetry Nook entry [http://poetrynook.com/poem/%E5%8A%9D%E9%85%92-3 "Quàn Jiū"].||Simplified||Pinyin||English translation (by Burton Watson)

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:勸君金屈卮，

:滿酌不須辭。

:花發多風雨，

:人生足別離。

:劝君金屈卮，

:满酌不须辞。

:花发多风雨，

:人生足别离。

:quàn jūn jīn qū zhī,

:mǎn zhuó bù xū cí.

:huā fā duō fēng yǔ,

:rén shēng zú bié lí.

:I offer you the golden flagon;

:do not disdain its brimming gift.

:Wind and rain await the opening flower,

:and partings make up too much of our life.

Ueki et al. speculate, based on a passage in the Song Huiyao ({{zh|t=宋會要|c=宋会要|p=Sòng Huìyāo}}) that records that qū zhī were offered as tribute from Srivijaya ({{zh|t=三佛齊國|c=三佛齐国|p=Sānfóqí-guó}}), that the "golden flagon" in this poem may also have been a valuable imported item.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=134|1y=1999}} This, combined with the use of mǎn zhuó ("brimming") create an atmosphere in the first half of the quatrain of an extravagant banquet.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=134|1y=1999}} This atmosphere contrasts with that of the last two lines, which carry the implication that one should drink deeply before the blossoms fall, before the time for parting arrives.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=134|1y=1999}}

The final line of this poem has become particularly well-known and is sometimes taken to represent Yu Wuling's view of life.{{sfnm|1a1=Ōtani|1p=1|1y=2013}} Masuji Ibuse's Japanese translation of this poem is also famous.{{sfnm|1a1=Kageyama|1p=11}}