:toxicant

Toxicants can be found in the air, soil, water, or food.{{cite book|author=Ernest Hodgson|title=A Textbook of Modern Toxicology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wp20BrihwIC&pg=PT88|date=20 September 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-21129-8|pages=88–}} Humans can be exposed to environmental toxicants.{{cite journal|last1=Preston|first1=Joshua D.|last2=Reynolds|first2=Leryn J.|last3=Pearson|first3=Kevin J.|title=Developmental Origins of Health Span and Life Span: A Mini-Review|journal=Gerontology|volume=64|issue=3|year=2018|pages=237–245|issn=0304-324X|doi=10.1159/000485506|pmc=5876086|pmid=29324453}} Fish can contain environmental toxicants.{{cite journal|last1=Gaskins|first1=Audrey J.|last2=Chavarro|first2=Jorge E.|title=Diet and fertility: a review|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=218|issue=4|year=2018|pages=379–389|issn=0002-9378|doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2017.08.010|pmc=5826784|pmid=28844822}} Tobacco smoke contains toxicants.{{cite journal|last1=Breland|first1=Alison|last2=Soule|first2=Eric|last3=Lopez|first3=Alexa|last4=Ramôa|first4=Carolina|last5=El-Hellani|first5=Ahmad|last6=Eissenberg|first6=Thomas|title=Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=1394|issue=1|year=2017|pages=5–30|issn=0077-8923|doi=10.1111/nyas.12977|pmc=4947026|pmid=26774031|bibcode=2017NYASA1394....5B}} E-cigarette aerosol also contains toxicants.{{cite journal|last1=Perikleous|first1=Evanthia P.|last2=Steiropoulos|first2=Paschalis|last3=Paraskakis|first3=Emmanouil|last4=Constantinidis|first4=Theodoros C.|last5=Nena|first5=Evangelia|title=E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents: An Overview of the Literature and Future Perspectives|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=6|year=2018|page=86|issn=2296-2565|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2018.00086|pmc=5879739|pmid=29632856|doi-access=free}} The emissions of a heat-not-burn tobacco product contains toxicants.{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Gerard|last2=Saad|first2=Sonia|last3=Oliver|first3=Brian|last4=Chen|first4=Hui|title=Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome|journal=Toxics|volume=6|issue=3|year=2018|pages=43|issn=2305-6304|doi=10.3390/toxics6030043|pmc=6160993|pmid=30071638|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018Toxic...6...43L }} Most heavy metals are toxicants.{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Hyun Soo|last2=Kim|first2=Yeo Jin|last3=Seo|first3=Young Rok|title=An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention|journal=Journal of Cancer Prevention|volume=20|issue=4|year=2015|pages=232–240|issn=2288-3649|doi=10.15430/JCP.2015.20.4.232|pmc=4699750|pmid=26734585}} Diesel exhaust contains toxicants.{{cite journal|last1=Leem|first1=Jong Han|last2=Jang|first2=Young-Kee|title=Increase of diesel car raises health risk in spite of recent development in engine technology|journal=Environmental Health and Toxicology|volume=29|year=2014|pages=e2014009|issn=2233-6567|doi=10.5620/eht.e2014009|pmc=4207092|pmid=25318659}} Pesticides, benzene, and asbestos-like fibers such as carbon nanotubes are toxicants.{{cite journal|last1=Costa|first1=Chiara|last2=Miozzi|first2=Edoardo|last3=Teodoro|first3=Michele|last4=Briguglio|first4=Giusi|last5=Rapisarda|first5=Venerando|last6=Fenga|first6=Concettina|title=New insights on 'old' toxicants in occupational toxicology|journal=Molecular Medicine Reports|volume=15|issue=5|year=2017|pages=3317–3322|issn=1791-2997|doi=10.3892/mmr.2017.6374|pmid=28339055|doi-access=free}} Possible developmental toxicants include phthalates, phenols, sunscreens, pesticides, halogenated flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl coatings, nanoparticles, e-cigarettes, and dietary polyphenols.{{cite journal|last1=Wolff|first1=Mary S.|last2=Buckley|first2=Jessie P.|last3=Engel|first3=Stephanie M.|last4=McConnell|first4=Rob S.|last5=Barr|first5=Dana B.|title=Emerging exposures of developmental toxicants|journal=Current Opinion in Pediatrics|volume=29|issue=2|year=2017|pages=218–224|issn=1040-8703|doi=10.1097/MOP.0000000000000455|pmc=5473289|pmid=28059904}}

By contrast, a toxin is a poison produced naturally by an organism (e.g. plant, animal, insect).{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=46622|title=NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms - toxin|publisher=National Cancer Institute}} The 2011 book A Textbook of Modern Toxicology states, "A toxin is a toxicant that is produced by a living organism and is not used as a synonym for toxicant—all toxins are toxicants, but not all toxicants are toxins. Toxins, whether produced by animals, plants, insects, or microbes are generally metabolic products that have evolved as defense mechanisms for the purpose of repelling or killing predators or pathogens."{{cite book|author=Ernest Hodgson|title=A Textbook of Modern Toxicology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wp20BrihwIC&pg=PT77|date=20 September 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-21129-8|pages=77–}}

Biocides are classified as oxidizing or non-oxidizing toxicants. Chlorine is the most commonly manufactured oxidizing toxicant.{{cite book|author=Linda Garverick|title=Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTfNZZRO758C&pg=PA103|date=1 January 1994|publisher=ASM International|isbn=978-0-87170-505-1|pages=103–}} Chlorine is ubiquitously added to drinking water to disinfect it.{{cite journal|last1=Pilotto|first1=Louis S.|title=Disinfection of drinking water, disinfection by-products and cancer: what about Australia?|journal=Australian Journal of Public Health|volume=19|issue=1|year=1995|pages=89–93|issn=1035-7319|doi=10.1111/j.1753-6405.1995.tb00304.x|pmid=7734603|doi-access=free}} Non-oxidizing toxicants include isothiazolinones and quaternary ammonium compounds.{{cite book|author1=Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt|author2=Rodolfo Quintero-Ramirez|title=Petroleum Biotechnology: Developments and Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hxcgxf_FMKoC&pg=PA210|date=18 September 2004|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-047371-0|pages=210–}}

An intoxicant is a substance that intoxicates such as an alcoholic drink.{{cite book|author1=Don Salm|author2=Ron Sklansky|title=Legislation on Recodification of Operating While Intoxicated and Safety Laws Pertaining to Motor Vehicle, All-terrain Vehicle, Boat Or Snowmobile Operation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3NiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA12|year=2001|publisher=Wisconsin Legislative Council|pages=12–}} An intoxicant is a substance that impairs the mind and causes a person to be in a state varying from exhilaration to lethargy.{{cite book|author=Fahd Salem Bahammam|title=Food and Dress in Islam: An explanation of matters relating to food and drink and dress in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRojJ7lnb18C&pg=PP1|publisher=Modern Guide|isbn=978-1-909322-99-8|year=2013|pages=1–}}

{{See also|Brain health and pollution}}

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{{Reflist}}

• {{Commonscatinline|Toxicants}}

{{Toxicology}}

{{Poisoning and toxicity}}

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