Æthelwold's Revolt
{{Short description|Attempt by Æthelwold ætheling to seize the Anglo-Saxon throne from Edward the Elder}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict =
| width =
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| image = British Isles 10th century.svg
| alt = Map of the British Isles in the tenth century
| caption = The British Isles in the early tenth century
| date = 899–902
| place = England
| result = Victory for Edward the Elder
| combatant1 = Followers of Æthelwold ætheling
Supported by:
Danes of Northumbria
Kingdom of East Anglia
| combatant2 = Followers of Edward the Elder:
| commander1 = Æthelwold ætheling{{KIA}}
Eohric of East Anglia{{KIA}}
| commander2 = Edward the Elder
| units1 =
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Æthelwold's Revolt was an attempt by Æthelwold ætheling to seize the Anglo-Saxon throne from Edward the Elder after the death of Alfred the Great in 899. It ended when Æthelwold was killed in battle in 902 while fighting alongside his Danish allies.
Background
After Alfred the Great died on 26 October 899,{{cite encyclopedia |first=Sean|last = Miller| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title=Edward (called Edward the Elder) (870s?–924), King of the Anglo-Saxons | year = 2004 | url =http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8514?docPos=1 | accessdate=9 July 2017 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8514 }} {{ODNBsub}} his son, Edward, hoped to succeed him. Edward's cousin Æthelwold was the only surviving son of Alfred's older brother Æthelred I, King of Wessex. His competing claim to the throne was that he had been too young to inherit it when Æthelred died, leading to Alfred becoming king.
Southern revolt
Æthelwold's first move was to take his small force and seize Wimborne, in Dorset, the burial place of Æthelred, his father. He then took control of the crown lands at Christchurch and returned to Wimborne to await Edward's response. Edward assembled an army and moved to Badbury, but Æthelwold refused to meet him in battle. He instead stayed at Wimborne together with his men and a kidnapped nun, seemingly preparing for a long stand-off, although it appears he had the resources for a frontal assault and was preparing to attack when he rode north during the night.
Viking support
Æthelwold arrived in the north soon after he fled from the confrontation at Wimborne. He appealed for support from the Danish Vikings of Northumbria and they pledged their allegiance. Coins were minted during the period showing that Æthelwold had been proclaimed king in Jórvík (Viking ruled York). Meanwhile, Edward was crowned at Kingston upon Thames on 8 June 900.[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/01_coron.php#edward_elder England: Anglo-Saxon Consecrations: 871-1066 - Archontology.org]
In the autumn of 901, Æthelwold sailed with a fleet from his new allies into Essex. By 902 he and the East Anglian Danes were attacking deep into Mercia, one of Edward's most important allies, as far as Cricklade, in Wiltshire.
The Battle of the Holme
{{main|Battle of the Holme}}
Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia and when he retreated the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire, meeting the Danes in the East Midlands, at the Battle of the Holme on 13 December 902. The Danes defeated Edward's troops, but as a result of the battle both Æthelwold and Eohric, the Danish king of East Anglia, were killed. There were many losses on the Anglo-Saxon side, including the two Kentish ealdormen, Sigehelm and Sigewulf.{{cite book|first= Cyril|last= Hart|title= The Danelaw |publisher= The Hambledon Press|location=London, UK|year= 1992|isbn= 1-85285-044-2|page=514}}
Aftermath
In the view of Cyril Hart, King Edward made a strategic error in failing to engage the Danes with his whole army, leading to recriminations which threatened his authority, especially in Kent, and this may explain his later marriage to Ealdorman Sigehelm's daughter, Eadgifu.Hart, p. 515
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- [http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=person&id=EdwardtheElder#5 Anglo-Saxon Kings - Edward the Elder]
- [http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxon_7.htm English Monarchs - Edward the Elder]
- [http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/anglosaxon/01_coron.php#edward_elder Royal Consecrations]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aethelwold's Revolt}}
Category:History of Northumberland
Category:9th century in England
Category:10th century in England
Category:9th-century rebellions