Çatalçam, Dargeçit

The Syriac name of the village is derived from "dayro" ("monastery" in Syriac) and "Slibo" ("cross" in Syriac), thus Dayro da-Slibo translates to "Monastery of the Cross".{{sfnp|Sinclair|1989|p=320}} The village's alternative name, the Monastery of Beth El, is composed of "beth" ("house" in Syriac) and "El" ("God" in Syriac), and therefore translates to "Monastery of the House of God".{{cite web |url=http://www.karyohliso.com/articles/article/1059|title=DERSALİP ZİYARETİ|last=Beğtaş|first=Yusuf |website=Karyo Hliso|access-date=17 January 2020|language=tr}}

The foundation of the monastery, that would later become a village, is attributed to Saint Aho the Solitary in the 6th century, but it is suggested that it was founded earlier.{{sfnp|Sinclair|1989|p=320}} The monastery was named after a piece of the True Cross that Saint Aho brought back from Constantinople.{{sfnp|Takahashi|2011}} Saint Gabriel of Beth Qustan is alleged to have resurrected the abbot of the monastery in the 7th century.{{sfnp|Johnson|2008|p=61}} Dayro da-Slibo is first mentioned in 774, in which year many monks there died from plague.{{sfnp|Palmer|1990|p=193}} Bishop Sovo of Tur Abdin is attested at the monastery before 790.{{sfnp|Palmer|1990|p=193}} In 1088, after the division of the diocese of Tur Abdin into the sees of Qartmin and Hah, Dayro da-Slibo became the seat of the bishops of Hah.{{sfnp|Takahashi|2011}} Masud of Zaz, who later became Patriarch of Tur Abdin, was abbot of the monastery from c. 1462/1463 until his ordination as bishop of Ḥesno d'Kifo in 1480/1481.{{sfnp|Teule|2011}}

In the mid-19th century, the monastery became a village, and roughly 20 Syriac families inhabited Dayro da-Slibo in 1892.{{sfnp|Takahashi|2011}} Dayro da-Slibo was populated by 400 Syriacs in 1914; the Sayfo in the following year resulted in many deaths, including Antimus Yaʿqub of Esfes, the last Bishop of Dayro da-Slibo.{{sfnp|Takahashi|2011}} 70 Syriacs were later killed by Kurds in the aftermath of the genocide. During the Sheikh Said rebellion, in 1925-1926, Kurdish rebels used Dayro da-Slibo as a military base.

{{cite web |url=http://www.stgalain.com/history|title=History|author= |date=1 October 2003|website=St. George Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Simhasana Church, Al-Ain|access-date=10 April 2020}} The villagers found shelter in nearby caves whilst the village was damaged by Turkish aerial bombardment. In 1967, 88 Syriacs populated Dayro da-Slibo,{{sfnp|Takahashi|2011}} however, the population declined as villagers emigrated to Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Australia as a consequence of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.

On 2 August 1992, the cemetery and villagers' houses were destroyed, and its population forcibly evacuated by the Turkish Armed Forces.{{sfnp|Atto|2011|p=139}}{{cite web |url=https://unpo.org/article/741|title=Assyria: Human Rights situation in Iraq, Turkey and Syria|author= |date=1 October 2003|website=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation|access-date=10 April 2020}} Villagers later returned and by 2000, the village was inhabited by 13 people. On 17 July 2004, Gevriye Arslan, the village mukhtar, was murdered by Kurds after he refused to transfer to them the land of a Christian woman who had been kidnapped and forced to convert to Islam.{{sfnp|Baumer|2016|p=277}} Dayro da-Slibo was inhabited by 2 Syriac families in 2013.{{sfnp|Courtois|2013|p=149}} A land dispute over the seizure of villagers' land by a neighbouring Kurdish clan that began in 2008 was not resolved until 2015 due to the Kurds' threat of violence.{{sfnp|Güsten|2016|pp=22-23}} The Kurds were dislodged from the Syriacs' land by a large Turkish military force accompanied by military helicopters.{{sfnp|Güsten|2016|pp=22-23}}

Notes

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Citations

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• {{cite book |first1=Naures|last1= Atto|title=Hostages in the Homeland, Orphans in the Diaspora: Identity Discourses Among the Assyrian/Syriac Elites in the European Diaspora|date=2011|url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/17919/THESIS-FINAL-ALL-15-Friday.pdf?sequence=1|access-date=27 December 2019 |publisher=Leiden University Press}}
• {{cite book | last1 =Baumer|first1 =Christoph |date=2016|title=The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing}}
• {{cite journal|first1=Sébastien de|last1=Courtois|title=Tur Abdin : Réflexions sur l'état présent descommunautés syriaques du Sud-Est de la Turquie,mémoire, exils, retours|journal=Cahier du Gremmamo |volume=21|date=2013|language=fr|url=https://www.academia.edu/7228305|pages=113–150}}
• {{cite book | last1 =Güsten|first1 =Susanne|date=2016|title=A Farewell to Tur Abdin|url=https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/IPM_Farewell_Abdin_04.08.16_web.pdf|access-date=27 December 2019}}
• {{cite book |last= Johnson|first=Dale A.|date=2008|title=Tracts on the Mountain of the Servants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcrcAgAAQBAJ&q=Saint+Gabriel+of+Beth+Qustan|isbn= 9781435739918}}
• {{cite book | last1 =Palmer|first1 =Andrew|date=1990|title=Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier: The Early History of Tur Abdin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/PalmerMonkAndMasonOnTheTigrisFrontier|accessdate=15 July 2020}}
• {{cite book | last1 =Sinclair| first1 =T.A.|date=1989 |title=Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume III|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Na1EBAAAQBAJ&q=Kfarze |publisher=Pindar Press| isbn =9780907132349}}
• {{cite encyclopedia | last1 =Takahashi|first1 =Hidemi |title=al-Ṣalīb, Dayr|encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition|year=2011|publisher=Gorgias Press|url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/entry/al-Salib-Dayr}}
• {{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Altan |title=Turabidin'den Berriye'ye. Aşiretler - Dinler - Diller - Kültürler |year=2018 |isbn=9789944360944 |pages=132 |language=tr}}
• {{cite encyclopedia | last1 =Teule|first1 =Herman G. B. |title=Masʿūd of Ṭur ʿAbdin|encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition|year=2011|publisher=Gorgias Press|url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Masud-of-Tur-Abdin}}

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{{Dargeçit District}}

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Category:Assyrian communities in Turkey

Category:Tur Abdin

Category:Neighbourhoods in Dargeçit District

Category:Places of the Sayfo