Élisabeth Borne

Elisabeth Borne was born in Paris.{{Cite news |last=Sage |first=Adam |date=17 May 2022 |title=Elisabeth Borne: France's first female prime minister for 30 years seeks unity |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/elisabeth-borne-frances-first-female-prime-minister-for-30-years-seeks-unity-30g9hbc89 |access-date=17 May 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516233602/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/elisabeth-borne-frances-first-female-prime-minister-for-30-years-seeks-unity-30g9hbc89 |url-status=live }} Her French-born mother, Marguerite Lecèsne (1920–2015), was a pharmacist. Her father, Joseph Bornstein (1924–1972), son of Zelig Bornstein from Łuków (formerly Congress Poland), was born in Antwerp, Belgium.{{cite web |last1=Wattenberg |first1=Frida |title=Joseph Bornstein, dit Borne |url=http://www.ajpn.org/personne-Joseph-Bornstein-2253.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220528222110/http://www.ajpn.org/personne-Joseph-Bornstein-2253.html |archive-date=28 May 2022 |date=5 October 2010 |quote=Date de naissance: 02/05/1924 (Anvers (Belgique))}} He fled to France at the outset of the Second World War and was active in the French Resistance. Bornstein was one of four brothers. In 1943, he was arrested by the Gestapo in Grenoble, where he was part of the French resistance and deported to Auschwitz German concentration camp. His father and younger brother were sent to the German gas chambers. Joseph and his older brother were kept alive to work in a synthetic fuel factory.

In April 1945, they met Borne's mother, Marguerite Lescène, at the platform of Paris's Orsay train station where she was helping deportees. She took the brothers to her hometown in Normandy where her family helped them rebuild their lives. Joseph Bornstein later published descriptions of the horrors he had witnessed in the Holocaust.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/world/europe/france-prime-minister-elisabeth-borne.html |title=The Harrowing Personal Story France's Prime Minister Rarely Tells |work=The New York Times |date=8 February 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023 |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212083505/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/world/europe/france-prime-minister-elisabeth-borne.html |url-status=live |last1=Porter |first1=Catherine |last2=Breeden |first2=Aurelien }}

He was naturalised in 1950 and changed the family name to "Borne".{{Cite book |first=Jean-Louis |last=Beaucarnot |title=Le Tout-Politique 2022 |publisher=L'archipel |year=2022 |chapter=Élisabeth Borne: La Rhinaquintine et le bon beurre normand}}{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-706911|title=What are the Jewish roots of France's newest prime minister?|first=Zvika|last=Klein|work=Jerusalem Post|date=17 May 2022|access-date=18 May 2022|archive-date=18 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518171904/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-706911|url-status=live}} Borne's mother ran a pharmaceutical laboratory after the war.{{Cite news |last=Bloch |first=Ben |date=17 May 2022 |title=France's new prime minister is the daughter of a Holocaust survivor and French Resistance hero |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/world/france's-new-prime-minister-is-the-daughter-of-a-holocaust-survivor-and-french-resistance-hero-5ujMXmR2BbPn36a1N6JVj7 |work=The Jewish Chronicle |access-date=17 May 2022 |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517143438/https://www.thejc.com/news/world/france%27s-new-prime-minister-is-the-daughter-of-a-holocaust-survivor-and-french-resistance-hero-5ujMXmR2BbPn36a1N6JVj7 |url-status=live }} Her father ran a rubber products factory but suffered from trauma and severe depression. He committed suicide when she was 11 years old. After his death, Borne was awarded "Ward of the Nation" education benefits which the state granted to minors who were orphaned as a result of the war or had a parent who had died in exceptional circumstances.

Borne attended high school at Lycée Janson-de-Sailly in Paris. Later, she entered the École Polytechnique (class of 1981). In 1986, she obtained her Diplôme d'Ingénieur in civil engineering from the École nationale des ponts et chaussées (National School of Road and Bridge Engineering) and one year later a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the Collège des Ingénieurs.

Borne joined the civil service as a government official at the French planning and works ministry (ministère de l'Equipement) in 1987. In the early 1990s, she was an advisor in the ministry of education under Lionel Jospin and Jack Lang (both members of the Socialist Party). From 1993 to 1996 she worked as a technical director for the public housing company Sonacotra. In 1997, prime minister Jospin appointed her as his advisor for urban planning, housing and transport.{{Cite web |url=https://www.whoswho.fr/bio/elisabeth-borne_48685 |title=Elisabeth Borne |work=Who's Who in France |date=17 May 2022 |access-date=17 May 2022 |archive-date=18 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718195233/https://www.whoswho.fr/bio/elisabeth-borne_48685 |url-status=live }}

In 2002, Borne became a strategy director and member of the executive committee at the state-owned railway company SNCF, before joining the public works construction company Eiffage as concessions manager in 2007. She worked as director of urban planning for the City of Paris under mayor Bertrand Delanoë from 2008 until 2013.Philippe Jacqué, Cédric Pietralunga and Isabelle Chaperon (24 March 2015), [https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2015/03/24/ratp-elisabeth-borne-pourrait-remplacer-pierre-mongin_4600121_3234.html RATP : Elisabeth Borne devrait remplacer Pierre Mongin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708052133/https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2015/03/24/ratp-elisabeth-borne-pourrait-remplacer-pierre-mongin_4600121_3234.html |date=8 July 2020 }} Le Monde, 24 April 2014.

In 2013 Borne was appointed Prefect of the department Vienne and the region of Poitou-Charentes, the first woman to occupy that position.{{cite web|date=17 July 2019|title=Elisabeth Borne, la nouvelle ministre de la Transition écologique, a été préfète de la région Poitou-Charente|url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/politique/elisabeth-borne-la-nouvelle-ministre-de-la-transition-ecologique-a-ete-prefete-de-la-region-poitou-1563325812|website=France Bleu|language=fr|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111161208/https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/politique/elisabeth-borne-la-nouvelle-ministre-de-la-transition-ecologique-a-ete-prefete-de-la-region-poitou-1563325812|url-status=live}} At that time, Socialist politician Ségolène Royal was president of the regional council of Poitou-Charentes. When Royal became Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy in 2014, she appointed Borne as her chief of staff (directrice de cabinet).[https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/04/24/la-prefete-de-poitou-charentes-nommee-directrice-de-cabinet-de-segolene-royal_4406141_823448.html La préfète de Poitou-Charentes nommée directrice de cabinet de Ségolène Royal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708054526/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2014/04/24/la-prefete-de-poitou-charentes-nommee-directrice-de-cabinet-de-segolene-royal_4406141_823448.html |date=8 July 2020 }} Le Monde, 24 April 2014. Borne subsequently was the President and CEO of RATP Group, a state-owned enterprise which operates public transport in Greater Paris, from 2015 to 2017.

For a long time Borne was close to the Socialist Party (PS), but without formally joining the party. After Emmanuel Macron's victory in the 2017 French presidential election, she joined La République En Marche! (LREM).Dominique Albertini and Franck Bouaziz (8 January 2018) [https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/01/08/transports-elisabeth-borne-lasse-du-volant_1621110 Transports : Elisabeth Borne, lasse du volant ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129141404/https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/01/08/transports-elisabeth-borne-lasse-du-volant_1621110 |date=29 November 2020 }} Libération.

Borne served as minister-delegate of transport in the first and second Philippe governments from May 2017 to July 2019.{{cite web |url=http://orig.lanouvellerepublique.fr/Vienne/Actualite/Politique/n/Contenus/Articles/2017/05/17/L-ancienne-prefete-de-Poitou-Charentes-Elisabeth-Borne-nommee-ministre-deleguee-aux-transports-3102666 |title=L'ancienne préfète de Poitou-Charentes Élisabeth Borne nommée ministre déléguée aux transports – 17/05/2017 – La Nouvelle République Vienne |language=French |publisher=Orig.lanouvellerepublique.fr |date=13 May 2017 |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-date=19 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519033928/http://orig.lanouvellerepublique.fr/Vienne/Actualite/Politique/n/Contenus/Articles/2017/05/17/L-ancienne-prefete-de-Poitou-Charentes-Elisabeth-Borne-nommee-ministre-deleguee-aux-transports-3102666 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://bfmbusiness.bfmtv.com/france/elisabeth-borne-passe-de-la-ratp-au-ministere-des-transports-1165825.html |title=Elisabeth Borne passe de la RATP au ministère des Transports |publisher=Bfmbusiness.bfmtv.com |date=9 December 2016 |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-date=21 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521034449/http://bfmbusiness.bfmtv.com/france/elisabeth-borne-passe-de-la-ratp-au-ministere-des-transports-1165825.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://www.la-croix.com/France/Politique/Elisabeth-Borne-ministre-transports-56-ans-2017-05-17-1200847904 |title=Élisabeth Borne, ministre des transports, 56 ans |newspaper=La Croix |date=17 May 2017 |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-date=22 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522043252/http://www.la-croix.com/France/Politique/Elisabeth-Borne-ministre-transports-56-ans-2017-05-17-1200847904 |url-status=live }} During her time in office, she held out against weeks of strikes and demonstrations in 2017 to end a generous pension and benefits system for SNCF railway workers.Elizabeth Pineau and Dominique Vidalon (16 May 2022), [https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-pm-hands-resignation-ahead-expected-cabinet-overhaul-2022-05-16/ France's Macron picks Elisabeth Borne as new prime minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517060027/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-pm-hands-resignation-ahead-expected-cabinet-overhaul-2022-05-16/ |date=17 May 2022 }} Reuters.

After the resignation of ecology minister François de Rugy in 2019, Borne was promoted to head the ministry of the ecological and inclusive transition. In that capacity, she led efforts to pass a long-term energy planning bill aimed at increasing security of supply and a clean mobility bill committing the country to reaching carbon neutrality in the transport sector by 2050.Louise Guillot (23 May 2022), [https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-not-so-green-team-elisabeth-borne-agnes-pannier-runacher-amelie-de-montchalin/ Macron's new (not so) green team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525063359/https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-not-so-green-team-elisabeth-borne-agnes-pannier-runacher-amelie-de-montchalin/ |date=25 May 2022 }} Politico Europe.

In 2019, Borne opposed France's ratification of the European Union–Mercosur free trade agreement.Benoit Van Overstraeten (8 October 2019), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-mercosur/france-will-not-sign-mercosur-deal-under-current-conditions-minister-borne-idUSKBN1WN0LD France will not sign Mercosur deal under current conditions: minister Borne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116230519/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-mercosur/france-will-not-sign-mercosur-deal-under-current-conditions-minister-borne-idUSKBN1WN0LD |date=16 November 2020 }} Reuters.

Since 2020 Borne has additionally been a member of Territories of Progress, a centre-left party allied with LREM.{{Cite news |author=Jean-Rémi Baudot |url=https://www.europe1.fr/politique/grace-au-mouvement-territoires-de-progres-emmanuel-macron-travaille-son-aile-gauche-3993000 |title=Avec le mouvement "Territoires de progrès", Emmanuel Macron travaille son aile gauche |work=Europe 1 |date=20 September 2020 |access-date=17 May 2022 |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426212940/https://www.europe1.fr/politique/grace-au-mouvement-territoires-de-progres-emmanuel-macron-travaille-son-aile-gauche-3993000 |url-status=live }} In September 2022, both parties merged into the Renaissance party.

In July 2020, Borne was appointed minister of labour, employment and economic inclusion in the government of prime minister Jean Castex, succeeding Muriel Pénicaud.{{cite web|date=20 March 2018|title=Élisabeth Borne|url=https://www.gouvernement.fr/ministre/elisabeth-borne|website=Gouvernement.fr|language=fr|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030005/https://www.gouvernement.fr/ministre/elisabeth-borne|url-status=live}} In that capacity, she oversaw negotiations with unions that resulted in a cut to unemployment benefits for some job seekers. During her time in office, France's unemployment rate fell to its lowest level in 15 years and youth unemployment to its lowest level in 40 years.{{cite web|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220218-government-hails-great-french-victory-as-unemployment-falls-to-13-year-low-jobs|title=Government hails 'great French victory' as unemployment falls to 13-year low|publisher=Radio France Internationale|date=18 February 2022|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=15 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615135224/https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220218-government-hails-great-french-victory-as-unemployment-falls-to-13-year-low-jobs|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220516-who-is-france-s-new-prime-minister-elisabeth-borne|title=Who is France's new Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne?|website=France 24|publisher=Agence France-Presse|date=16 May 2022|access-date=15 June 2022}}{{cite web|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220517-french-unemployment-slips-to-14-year-low-in-first-quarter-of-2022|title=French unemployment slips to 14-year low in first quarter of 2022|work=Radio France Internationale|date=17 May 2022|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=15 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615095641/https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220517-french-unemployment-slips-to-14-year-low-in-first-quarter-of-2022|url-status=live}}

On 16 May 2022, Borne was appointed Prime Minister of France, succeeding Castex three weeks after the re-election of Macron for a second term as President of the French Republic. She is the second woman to serve as prime minister after Édith Cresson. She is also the second of Macron's prime ministers to be a member of his centrist party, after Castex.Angelique Chrisafis (16 May 2022), [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/16/elisabeth-borne-a-long-serving-technocrat-and-woman-of-the-left Élisabeth Borne: a long-serving technocrat and 'woman of the left'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518001918/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/16/elisabeth-borne-a-long-serving-technocrat-and-woman-of-the-left |date=18 May 2022 }} The Guardian.

Borne was a candidate for Renaissance (formerly known as La République En Marche!) in the 2022 French legislative election in Calvados's 6th constituency in the Normandy region in northwestern France.{{Cite web |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/normandie/vire-normandie-14500/legislatives-2022-candidate-dans-le-calvados-elisabeth-borne-est-nommee-premiere-ministre-7a7dce7a-d52d-11ec-bd06-4e730397c904 |title=Législatives 2022. Candidate dans le Calvados, Élisabeth Borne est nommée Première ministre |date=16 May 2022 |access-date=17 May 2022 |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517111213/https://www.ouest-france.fr/normandie/vire-normandie-14500/legislatives-2022-candidate-dans-le-calvados-elisabeth-borne-est-nommee-premiere-ministre-7a7dce7a-d52d-11ec-bd06-4e730397c904 |url-status=live }} While remaining a candidate, under the dual mandate (cumuls des mandats) law she was not allowed to take up the position after she won the election, and was replaced by her designated alternate. She called on voters to support Macron's coalition, Ensemble Citoyens, saying it is the only group "capable of getting [a parliamentary] majority".{{cite web|last=Caulcutt|first=Clea|date=12 June 2022|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/gains-for-france-hard-left-in-parliamentary-election-first-round/|title=French far-left firebrand puts Macron's majority on the line in parliamentary vote|website=Politico Europe|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614210006/https://www.politico.eu/article/gains-for-france-hard-left-in-parliamentary-election-first-round/|url-status=live}} After the first round, in relation to contests between left-wing and far-right candidates, she said: "Our position is no voice for the RN." At the same time, she expressed support only for left-wing candidates who in her view respect republican values.{{cite news|date=14 June 2022|title=Législatives 2022 en direct – Le Pen vise 100 députés RN, Mélenchon agite le spectre de la TVA sociale, Macron appelle 'au sursaut républicain' : la journée du 14 juin|language=fr|work=Le Monde|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/live/2022/06/14/legislatives-2022-en-direct-allocution-de-macron-un-sketch-a-la-trump-pour-melenchon-ca-sent-la-panique-a-bord-selon-roussel_6130218_823448.html|access-date=15 June 2022|quote=La majorité sortante a eu des difficultés à préciser sa position en cas de duel au deuxième tour entre la Nupes et le RN. La première ministre, Elisabeth Borne, a fini par déclarer lundi : 'Notre position, c'est aucune voix pour le RN.' 'Et pour la Nupes, si on a affaire à un candidat qui ne respecte pas les valeurs républicaines, qui insulte nos policiers, qui demande de ne plus soutenir l'Ukraine, qui veut sortir de l'Europe, alors nous n'allons pas voter pour lui', a poursuivi Mme Borne, qui est arrivée en tête dans sa circonscription dans le Calvados.|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614232314/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/live/2022/06/14/legislatives-2022-en-direct-allocution-de-macron-un-sketch-a-la-trump-pour-melenchon-ca-sent-la-panique-a-bord-selon-roussel_6130218_823448.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2022/06/13/ensemble-peine-a-definir-une-consigne-de-vote-en-cas-de-duel-entre-la-nupes-et-le-rn-au-second-tour-des-legislatives_6130052_823448.html|title=Elections législatives : la majorité appelle à ' ne jamais donner une voix à l'extrême droite' et soutiendra les candidats Nupes 'républicains'|work=Le Monde|language=fr|date=13 June 2022|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=15 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615131313/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2022/06/13/ensemble-peine-a-definir-une-consigne-de-vote-en-cas-de-duel-entre-la-nupes-et-le-rn-au-second-tour-des-legislatives_6130052_823448.html|url-status=live}} She was elected to Parliament in the second round.{{Cite news |date=19 June 2022 |title=French legislative elections: PM Elisabeth Borne wins first-ever election in Normandy |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2022/06/19/french-legislative-elections-pm-elisabeth-borne-wins-first-ever-election-in-normandy_5987360_5.html |access-date=19 June 2022 |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619194909/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2022/06/19/french-legislative-elections-pm-elisabeth-borne-wins-first-ever-election-in-normandy_5987360_5.html |url-status=live }} Borne offered her resignation as prime minister after the results of the second round, but was rejected by Macron,{{Cite web |title=Macron rejects PM resignation after losing parliamentary majority |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/21/macron-rejects-pm-resignation-after-losing-parliamentary-majority |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705163116/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/21/macron-rejects-pm-resignation-after-losing-parliamentary-majority |url-status=live }} who instead tasked her to form a new cabinet.{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=France's Macron asks Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne to propose new government |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220625-france-s-macron-asks-prime-minister-to-propose-new-government-to-be-named-in-july |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705071144/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220625-france-s-macron-asks-prime-minister-to-propose-new-government-to-be-named-in-july |url-status=live }}

File:The European Parliament at 70- “The voice of citizens and democratic values” - 52519430270.jpg

Following a cabinet reshuffle prompted by the 2022 legislative elections that resulted in a hung parliament,{{Cite news |last1=Pineau |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Hummel |first2=Tassilo |last3=Hummel |first3=Tassilo |date=21 June 2022 |title=France risks gridlock after Macron handed hung parliament |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-macron-hunts-way-salvage-ruling-majority-2022-06-20/ |access-date=11 July 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609170428/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-macron-hunts-way-salvage-ruling-majority-2022-06-20/ |url-status=live }} Borne officially formed a minority government and easily survived a motion of no confidence triggered by MPs of the New Ecologic and Social People's Union (NUPES), a broad alliance of left-wing opponents, in response to the Government's refusal to call for a vote of confidence.Benoit Van Overstraeten and Richard Lough (12 July 2022), [https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-lefts-no-confidence-motion-against-pm-fails-parliament-2022-07-11/ France's Prime Minister survives no-confidence vote in parliament] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713062526/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-lefts-no-confidence-motion-against-pm-fails-parliament-2022-07-11/ |date=13 July 2022 }} Reuters.{{cite web|title=French prime minister survives no-confidence vote in parliament|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/07/11/french-prime-minister-survives-no-confidence-vote-in-parliament|date=11 July 2022|author=Anelise Borges|work=EuroNews|access-date=9 August 2022|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809072218/https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/07/11/french-prime-minister-survives-no-confidence-vote-in-parliament|url-status=live}}

In March 2023, Borne survived by nine votes another motion of no confidence brought against her in response to President Macron's passage of a law that raised the retirement age from 62 to 64 without a vote of the National Assembly.{{cite web|title=French government narrowly survives no-confidence vote, but looks more isolated than ever|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2023/03/21/french-government-narrowly-survives-no-confidence-vote-but-looks-more-isolated-than-ever_6020153_5.html|date=21 March 2023|author=Mariama Darame and Jérémie Lamothe|work=Le Monde|access-date=25 March 2023|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325161901/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2023/03/21/french-government-narrowly-survives-no-confidence-vote-but-looks-more-isolated-than-ever_6020153_5.html|url-status=live}}

On 12 April 2023, Borne condemned LDH for speaking out against police brutality, particularly during a protest in the village of Sainte-Soline in western France.{{cite news |date=17 April 2023 |title='Civil liberties in France are in danger,' says Human Rights League head |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/04/17/civil-liberties-in-france-are-in-danger-says-human-rights-league-head_6023195_7.html |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421092323/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/04/17/civil-liberties-in-france-are-in-danger-says-human-rights-league-head_6023195_7.html |url-status=live }}

In May 2023, reports began circulating that Borne's government had withdrawn support for France hosting the 2025 Rugby League World Cup with her government demanding protection from financial loses if the tournament did not run at a profit. With the French organising committee unable to meet this new demand, France officially withdrew as tournament hosts on 15 May citing lack of governmental financial support as the reason.{{cite news |title=France pulls out of hosting Rugby League World Cup |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-league/65601619 |access-date=15 May 2023 |work=BBC Sport |date=15 May 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515162140/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-league/65601619 |url-status=live }}{{cite news|title=France no longer able to host 2025 Rugby League World Cup.|url=https://www.seriousaboutrl.com/revealed-what-next-for-the-world-cup-as-france-no-longer-able-to-host-74758/|access-date=15 May 2023|work=seriousaboutrl.com|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515145758/https://www.seriousaboutrl.com/revealed-what-next-for-the-world-cup-as-france-no-longer-able-to-host-74758/amp/|url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Bower |first1=Aaron |title=2025 Rugby League World Cup in doubt after France pull out of staging event |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/15/2025-rugby-league-world-cup-in-doubt-after-france-pull-out-of-staging-event |access-date=15 May 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=15 May 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515163836/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/15/2025-rugby-league-world-cup-in-doubt-after-france-pull-out-of-staging-event |url-status=live }}{{cite web | url=https://www.skysports.com/rugby-league/news/12196/12881613/france-withdraw-from-hosting-2025-rugby-league-world-cup-over-financial-concerns | title=France withdraw from hosting 2025 Rugby League World Cup over financial concerns | access-date=16 May 2023 | archive-date=15 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515174211/https://www.skysports.com/amp/rugby-league/news/12196/12881613/france-withdraw-from-hosting-2025-rugby-league-world-cup-over-financial-concerns | url-status=live }}{{cite web | url=https://www.loverugbyleague.com/post/confirmed-france-will-not-host-2025-rugby-league-world-cup | title=Confirmed: France will not host 2025 Rugby League World Cup | date=15 May 2023 | access-date=16 May 2023 | archive-date=15 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515210402/https://www.loverugbyleague.com/post/confirmed-france-will-not-host-2025-rugby-league-world-cup | url-status=live }}

A cabinet reshuffle was conducted in July 2023, which was described as "strange" with the fact that longtime allies of Macron were promoted and individuals with little experience were dismissed.{{Cite news |date=21 July 2023 |title=The French government's strange reshuffle |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/07/21/the-french-government-s-strange-reshuffle_6061771_7.html |access-date=24 July 2023 |archive-date=24 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724215203/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/07/21/the-french-government-s-strange-reshuffle_6061771_7.html |url-status=live }}

On 12 November 2023, she participated in the March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism in Paris in response to the rise in antisemitism since the start of the Gaza war.{{Cite web |last1=Bajos |first1=Par Sandrine |last2=Balle |first2=Catherine |last3=Bérard |first3=Christophe |last4=Berrod |first4=Nicolas |last5=((Bureau)) |first5=Éric |last6=Choulet |first6=Frédéric |last7=Collet |first7=Emeline |last8=Souza |first8=Pascale De |last9=Doukhan |first9=David |date=2023-11-11 |title=Marche contre l'antisémitisme : François Hollande, Marylise Léon, Agnès Jaoui... pourquoi ils s'engagent |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/societe/marche-contre-lantisemitisme-francois-hollande-marylise-leon-agnes-jaoui-pourquoi-ils-sengagent-11-11-2023-WREACIPV4BEOZEDCWAGRM5ZNRA.php |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}

On 8 January 2024, she announced her resignation and was succeeded by education minister Gabriel Attal the following day.{{cite web | url = https://www.euronews.com/2024/01/08/french-prime-minister-elisabeth-borne-resigns | title = French Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne resigns | work = Euronews | date = 8 January 2024 | access-date = 8 January 2024 | archive-date = 8 January 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240108180652/https://www.euronews.com/2024/01/08/french-prime-minister-elisabeth-borne-resigns | url-status = live }}{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/09/gabriel-attal-french-prime-minister|title=Who is Gabriel Attal, the French PM who climbed the ranks in record time?|date=9 January 2024|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 January 2024|archive-date=9 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109145605/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/09/gabriel-attal-french-prime-minister|url-status=live}}

News media reported that, upon her resignation, Borne turned down an invitation from President Macron to become Defense minister in the incoming Attal government.

File:Conférence d'Elisabeth Borne à l'université Paris 12.jpg]]

In her resignation speech, Borne announced her intention to return as an MP for her Calvados's constituency, a seat she won in the 2022 legislative election. She was set to retake up her role in February 2024. On 13 February 2024, she officially began to perform the duties of a deputy in the National Assembly.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Élisabeth Borne retourne à l'Assemblée comme simple députée |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20240213-elisabeth-borne-retourne-%C3%A0-l-assembl%C3%A9e-comme-simple-d%C3%A9put%C3%A9e |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=France 24 |language=fr|archive-date=17 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217150017/https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20240213-elisabeth-borne-retourne-%C3%A0-l-assembl%C3%A9e-comme-simple-d%C3%A9put%C3%A9e|url-status=live}} In parliament, she has since been serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs.{{cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/deputes/PA717161|title=Élisabeth Borne|website=National Assembly of France|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415052627/https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/deputes/PA717161|url-status=live}}

After President Macron dissolved the National Assembly on 9 June 2024 following the European elections, she declared herself a candidate for re-election in Calvados. She qualified for the second round with almost 29% of the vote, placing second behind RN candidate Nicolas Calbrix.{{Cite news |date=2024-06-30 |title=Elisabeth Borne en difficulté dans le Calvados après le premier tour des élections législatives |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2024/06/30/elisabeth-borne-en-difficulte-dans-le-calvados-apres-le-premier-tour-des-elections-legislatives_6245612_823448.html |access-date=2024-07-07 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}} The LFI-NFP candidate, Noé Gauchard, withdrew from the second round after placing third, and Borne won re-election, defeating Calbrix with 56.37% of the vote.{{Cite news |date=2024-07-07 |title=French election: Former prime minister Elisabeth Borne re-elected |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2024/07/07/french-election-former-prime-minister-elisabeth-borne-re-elected_6676991_5.html |access-date=2024-07-09 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=en}}

In August 2024, she announced her intention to run for the leadership of Renaissance.{{Cite news |date=2024-08-21 |title= Elisabeth Borne annonce être candidate pour prendre la tête du parti Renaissance |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2024/08/21/elisabeth-borne-annonce-etre-candidate-pour-prendre-la-tete-du-parti-renaissance_6289612_823448.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}

In December 2024, Borne was named Minister of National Education, Higher Education, and Research in the Bayrou government.{{Cite news |date=2024-12-23 |title=Ex-PMs Manuel Valls, Elisabeth Borne appointed as ministers in new French govt |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241223-france-mourns-mayotte-victims-amid-uncertainy-over-government |access-date=2024-12-24 |work=France 24 |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=2024-12-23 |title=French PM Bayrou appoints new government. Former prime minister Elisabeth Borne named education minister |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2024/12/23/french-pm-bayrou-appoints-new-government-former-prime-minister-elisabeth-borne-named-education-minister_6736396_5.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2024-12-23 |title=Ex-PMs Manuel Valls, Elisabeth Borne appointed as ministers in new French govt |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241223-france-mourns-mayotte-victims-amid-uncertainy-over-government |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=France 24 |language=en}}

Despite the legal ban on smoking or vaping in enclosed workplaces not open to the public, Élisabeth Borne was seen vaping on several occasions at the French National Assembly and Senate.{{Cite web |date=2023-06-15 |title=Malgré l'interdiction, Élisabeth Borne vapote à l'Assemblée et au Sénat et cela agace les oppositions |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/gouvernement/malgre-l-interdiction-elisabeth-borne-vapote-a-l-assemblee-et-au-senat-et-cela-agace-les-oppositions_AN-202306150094.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=BFMTV |language=fr}}{{Cite web |date=2023-11-30 |title=«C'est un mépris total» : Élisabeth Borne sermonnée par une députée insoumise pour avoir vapoté à l’Assemblée nationale |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/c-est-un-mepris-total-elisabeth-borne-sermonnee-par-une-deputee-insoumise-pour-avoir-vapote-a-l-assemblee-nationale-20231130 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}{{Cite web |last=Monaco |first=Carla |title=Elisabeth Borne a-t-elle le droit de vapoter au Sénat ? |url=https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/elisabeth-borne-a-t-elle-le-droit-de-vapoter-au-senat-20220219_LBKKZDENLZFY3GBMVYSMASL7UQ/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Libération |language=fr}}{{Cite web |last=Thimonnier |first=Marie |title=Non, Elisabeth Borne n’a (toujours) pas le droit de vapoter dans l’hémicycle |url=https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/non-elisabeth-borne-na-toujours-pas-le-droit-de-vapoter-dans-lhemicycle-20220721_CLOLLZUPMJFHBFIYEHDD5YMSEY/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Libération |language=fr}}

On June 7, 2022, during an interview on France Bleu, Borne was questioned by a listener named Dolorès, a woman with a disability, who denounced the unfair method of calculating the Disabled Adults’ Allowance (AAH). She explained that although she was recognized as 80% disabled, she received no financial assistance due to her partner's income, leaving her in a situation of economic dependency. In response, Élisabeth Borne said she understood the difficulty of her situation but suggested that she “maybe return to work,” emphasizing the importance of employment for people with disabilities. Her response deeply upset the caller, who burst into tears on air. The exchange, widely shared on social media and covered by the press, sparked a wave of public outrage. Many political figures, particularly from the left, condemned the remarks as condescending, out of touch, and disrespectful. François Ruffin described the response as “incredibly violent,” while Sandrine Rousseau called it a “total lack of empathy.”{{Cite web |title=Échange entre Élisabeth Borne et une femme handicapée : la polémique en trois questions |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/politique/elisabeth-borne/echange-entre-elisabeth-borne-et-une-femme-handicapee-la-polemique-en-trois-questions-759bd464-e6fe-11ec-8458-b2f5aa0496fd |website=Ouest France}}{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=La réponse de Borne à une personne en situation de handicap choque l'opposition |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/politique/article/borne-choque-avec-cette-reponse-sur-l-allocation-adulte-handicape_196739.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Le HuffPost |language=fr}}{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=Élisabeth Borne suscite la polémique à gauche en suggérant à une personne en situation de handicap de retravailler |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/elisabeth-borne-suscite-la-polemique-en-suggerant-a-une-personne-en-situation-de-handicap-de-retravailler-20220608 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}

In December 2024, during a visit to Mayotte following the passage of Cyclone Chido, Minister of National Education Élisabeth Borne became embroiled in controversy. A video showing the minister turning her back on two teachers who were questioning her about the management of food aid in the shantytowns quickly went viral on social media. The exchange, filmed in front of the Kawéni 2 middle school in Mamoudzou, shows Borne responding briefly with a curt "OK" before walking away, a gesture many perceived as a lack of empathy.{{Cite web |date=2024-12-30 |title=« L’empathie d’un poisson mort » : la réaction de Borne face à des profs à Mayotte ne passe pas |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/politique/article/a-mayotte-la-reaction-d-elisabeth-borne-devant-des-enseignants-ne-passe-pas_244179.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Le HuffPost |language=fr}}{{Cite web |last=LIBERATION |title=Visite ministérielle à Mayotte : Elisabeth Borne s’explique sur sa séquence polémique face à des enseignants |url=https://www.liberation.fr/politique/visite-ministerielle-a-mayotte-elisabeth-borne-sexplique-sur-sa-sequence-polemique-face-a-des-enseignants-20241231_O5DPP4XLFJA5VIOOL65DAUKHAM/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Libération |language=fr}}{{Cite web |date=2024-12-30 |title="C'est une honte" : à Mayotte, Elisabeth Borne très critiquée après sa réaction face à deux enseignants en colère |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/environnement/evenements-meteorologiques-extremes/cyclones-et-ouragans/cyclone-chido-a-mayotte/c-est-une-honte-a-mayotte-elisabeth-borne-tres-critiquee-apres-sa-reaction-face-a-deux-enseignants-en-colere_6985466.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}}{{Cite web |date=2024-12-31 |title=Élisabeth Borne à Mayotte : « image terrible », « mépris »… La ministre critiquée après un échange avec des enseignants |url=https://www.sudouest.fr/france/outre-mer/elisabeth-borne-a-mayotte-image-terrible-mepris-la-ministre-critiquee-apres-un-echange-avec-des-enseignants-22679220.php |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=SudOuest.fr |language=fr-FR}}

In response to the uproar, the minister defended her actions by explaining that she was pressed for time and had not had the chance to inform the teachers of her scheduling constraints. She also stated that the video had been "truncated" and did not accurately reflect the full conversation. However, CheckNews obtained the full audio of the exchange, which lasts only about one minute and 45 seconds, far shorter than the five minutes initially claimed by her office. The recording reveals that the minister remained largely defensive, repeating that the aid had been distributed without addressing the teachers' criticisms. The conversation ends abruptly, with Borne offering no further responses to the concerns raised.{{Cite web |last=Saint-André |first=Elsa de La Roche |title=Mayotte : l’échange entre Elisabeth Borne et deux enseignants a-t-il été «tronqué» comme l’affirme la ministre ? |url=https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/mayotte-lechange-entre-elisabeth-borne-et-deux-enseignants-a-t-il-ete-tronque-comme-laffirme-la-ministre-20241231_2OWKU5QVWVEZNLO7OSW32YAOX4/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Libération |language=fr}}

On April 7, 2025, during an appearance on the parliamentary television channel LCP, Élisabeth Borne sparked reactions by stating that “we must start preparing very young, almost from preschool, to think about how [students] envision themselves in a training path and a profession.” These remarks were interpreted by some as an intention to introduce career guidance from preschool, prompting criticism and mockery, particularly on social media.{{Cite web |date=2025-04-08 |title=«Il faut se préparer» : Borne invite les élèves à réfléchir «depuis la maternelle» à leurs formations professionnelles... puis rétropédale |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/il-faut-se-preparer-borne-invite-les-eleves-a-reflechir-depuis-la-maternelle-a-leurs-formations-professionnelles-puis-retropedale-20250408 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}{{Cite web |last=Raynaud |first=Hugo |title=Carrière professionnelle : Elisabeth Borne clarifie ses propos sur les élèves qui doivent «se préparer très jeunes, presque depuis la maternelle» |url=https://www.liberation.fr/societe/education/carriere-professionnelle-les-eleves-doivent-se-preparer-tres-jeunes-presque-depuis-la-maternelle-affirme-elisabeth-borne-20250408_TNJMOZT72RC6BH3WSTUPFNA2OI/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Libération |language=fr}}{{Cite web |title="Il faut se préparer dès la maternelle" : Élisabeth Borne revient sur ses propos polémiques sur l’orientation des élèves |url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/2025/04/09/il-faut-se-preparer-des-la-maternelle-elisabeth-borne-revient-sur-ses-propos-polemiques-sur-lorientation-des-eleves-12626122.php |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=ladepeche.fr |language=fr}}{{Cite web |last=Atlantico |date=2025-04-09 |title=Maternelle : la fausse bonne idée de Borne |url=https://atlantico.fr/article/pepite/maternelle-la-fausse-bonne-idee-de-borne |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Atlantico |language=fr}}

Borne married Olivier Allix, a lecturer and also an engineer, on 30 June 1989 with whom she later had a son, Nathan. The couple has since divorced.{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Borne : qui est son ex-mari et père de son fils, Olivier Allix ? |url=https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/actu/news-actu/elisabeth-borne-qui-est-son-ex-mari-et-pere-de-son-fils-olivier-allix-2134556 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Femme Actuelle |date=16 May 2022 |language=fr |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619060015/https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/actu/news-actu/elisabeth-borne-qui-est-son-ex-mari-et-pere-de-son-fils-olivier-allix-2134556 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=28 April 2022 |title=Qui est le mari d'Elisabeth Borne, pressentie pour devenir Première ministre ? |url=https://www.ohmymag.com/people/elisabeth-borne-premiere-ministre-qui-est-son-mari_art150083.html |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=Ohmymag |language=fr |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429162453/https://www.ohmymag.com/people/elisabeth-borne-premiere-ministre-qui-est-son-mari_art150083.html |url-status=live }}

Borne was admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in March 2021 and was administered oxygen.

In breaking with precedent by other French prime ministers who refrained from suing journalists, Borne asked a court in May 2023 to force the L'Archipel publishing house to cut about 200 lines in future editions of "La Secrète" (The Secretive One), a biography written by the French journalist Bérengère Bonte and mentioning intimate details of her private life.Michel Rose (24 May 2023), [https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-pm-sues-biography-publisher-violating-her-privacy-2023-05-24/ French PM sues biography publisher for violating her privacy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531055541/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-pm-sues-biography-publisher-violating-her-privacy-2023-05-24/ |date=31 May 2023 }} Reuters.

Borne is of Jewish descent.{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220519-france-s-new-prime-minister-is-the-daughter-of-a-stateless-auschwitz-survivor |title=New French Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne, daughter of a stateless Auschwitz survivor |date=19 May 2022 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524003808/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220519-france-s-new-prime-minister-is-the-daughter-of-a-stateless-auschwitz-survivor |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-706911 |title=What are the Jewish roots of France's newest prime minister? |date=17 May 2022 |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518171904/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-706911 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/50-most-influential-jews/article-717711 |title=Élisabeth Borne: France's prime minister, Jewish political heavyweight |date=25 September 2022 |access-date=9 January 2024 |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108202837/https://www.jpost.com/50-most-influential-jews/article-717711 |url-status=live }}

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• List of Jewish heads of state and government

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Category:École des Ponts ParisTech alumni

Category:École Polytechnique alumni

Category:French chief executives

Category:French people of Polish-Jewish descent

Category:Jewish French politicians

Category:Politicians from Paris

Category:Officers of the Ordre national du Mérite

Category:Prefects of Vienne (department)

Category:Renaissance (French political party) politicians

Category:Deputies of the 16th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic

Category:Deputies of the 17th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic

Category:Members of Parliament for Calvados

Category:RATP Group

Category:1961 births

Category:Living people