.es
{{Short description|Country code top-level domain for Spain}}
{{for|the ccTLD of Estonia (Eesti)|.ee}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Top level domain|
name=.es|
image=Dotes.png|
introduced={{Start date and age|1988|4|14|df=y}}|
type=Country code top-level domain|
status=Active|
registry=[https://www.red.es/es Red.es]|
sponsor=Red.es|
| registereddomains = 2,002,412
| dateregistereddomains = 2022-12-16
intendeduse=Entities connected with Spain|
actualuse=Very popular in Spain, very rarely also used in typosquatting due to misspellings of .eus domains. Also, used for domain hacks in multiple languages.|
restrictions=None for second-level registrations after 2005 phase-in of open registration; there are restrictions on some of the specific subdomains|
structure=Registrations are taken directly at the second level or at the third level beneath various second-level subdomains|
document=[https://www.dominios.es/en/sobre-dominios/normativa Spanish domain-related legislation]|
disputepolicy=[https://www.dominios.es/en/gestiona-tu-dominio/recupera-tu-dominio Extrajuridical conflict resolution system for ".es" domain names]|
website=[https://www.dominios.es/en dominios.es]|}}
.es (españa) is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Spain administered by the Network Information Centre of Spain.
Server
The .es domain does not have a conventional WHOIS server operating on port 43, but WHOIS queries can be made using a page on ESNIC's website.
Registration
Registrations are permitted at the second level or at the third level beneath various generic second level categories.
Some qualifications and restrictions apply to third-level registrations depending on which second-level domain they are within.
Second-level registrations have had some limitations including requiring registrants to have a connection with Spain, but these restrictions were lifted in a multi-stage process completed by the end of 2005, at which point registrations at the second level of .es were open to anybody worldwide.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}
Until the liberalization in November 2005, registering in .es was expensive and encumbered compared to other ccTLDs.
The second-level word had to be either a trade mark valid in Spain, the exact name of the registering business or association, or the first name and at least the first surname of the registering individual.
Common words and placenames were unregisterable.
There was also a requirement of a minimum of three characters in the name, though some exceptions like [http://www.hp.es/ hp.es] (Hewlett-Packard Spain) and [http://www.pp.es/ pp.es] (People's Party) were allowed.
Second-level domains
There are a number of second-level domains:
| class="wikitable"
!Domain !Status !Intended users |
| .com.es
| rowspan="3" |Open |Commercial entities |
| .nom.es
|Personal entitles |
| .org.es
|Noncommercial organizations |
| .gob.es
| rowspan="2" |Restricted |
| .edu.es
|Educational institutions |
= Alternatives =
As an alternative, many Spanish organizations registered under .com, .org or .net. While being generic top-level domains, organisations may also use one or more other regional variants below:{{Cite web |title=Navegar en català |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticia/4191122/20140516/navegar-catala.html |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=VilaWeb |language=ca}}
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Domain !Region !Related language !Related culture |
| .cat
|{{Flag|Catalonia}} | rowspan="2" |Catalan | rowspan="2" |Catalan culture |
| .bcn
|{{Flag|Barcelona}} |
| .eus
|{{Flag|Basque Country}} |
| .gal
|{{Flag|Galicia}} |
Domain hacks
Although very popular in Spain for its intended use, .es has been used for domain hacks such as geociti.es, a website mirroring Geocities; adspac.es, a mobile-based advertising firm; thelettervsixtim.es, for the game VVVVVV; and iTun.es for iTunes Ping URL shortening.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/es.html IANA .es whois information]
- [https://www.dominios.es/en ESNIC website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013193508/http://www.dominios.es/dominios/en |date=2016-10-13 }}
{{CcTLD}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:ES}}
Category:Country code top-level domains
Category:Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries members