105 series
{{short description|Japanese train type}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox train
| name = 105 series
| image = JRW series105 Kabe-02.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Set K09 on a Kabe Line service in May 2012
| service =
| manufacturer =
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = {{Ill|70 series (JNR)|lt=70 series|ja|国鉄70系電車}} (Fukuen Line)
| successor = 227 series
| yearconstruction = 1981–1990
| yearservice = 1981
| refurbishment = 2019–present
| yearscrapped =
| numberbuilt = 60 vehicles
62 vehicles (converted from 103-1000 series)
4 vehicles (converted from 103-0 series)
| numberservice = 84 vehicles (42 sets)
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped = 42 vehicles
| formation = 2/4 cars per trainset
| capacity =
| operator = JNR (1981–1987)
JR East (1987–1998)
JR-West (1987–present)
| depots = Hineno, Okayama, Shimonoseki, Hiroshima
| lines = Kisei Main Line
Sanyō Main Line
Fukuen Line
Ube Line
Onoda Line
| carbody = Steel
| carlength = {{convert|20000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|2800|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height =
| floorheight =
| doors = 3/4 pairs per side
| maxspeed = {{convert|100|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}}
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction = Resistor control
| poweroutput = {{cvt|440|kW}} per car with motors
| transmission =
| aux =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC Overhead catenary
| collectionmethod = pantograph
| bogies =
| brakes = Dynamic brake, Electro-pneumatic brake, Hand brake
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}
The {{Nihongo|105 series|105系|105-kei}} is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type formerly operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and currently operated on local services by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in Japan since 1981. They were also formerly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).{{cite book| script-title=ja: JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 |trans-title= JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009| publisher = Neko Publishing| year = 2009| location = Japan| pages = 352–353| isbn = 978-4-7770-0836-0}}
Overview
The 105 series was introduced in 1981 to replace early EMU types operating on the Fukuen Line, Ube Line, and Onoda Line in western Japan. The rural nature and low line speed of these lines meant that 101 series or 103 series commuter EMUs would have been unnecessarily over-powered with their high proportion of motored cars, and so the 105 series was designed with one motored car per two cars.{{cite journal| last = Fukuhara| first = Shunichi| script-title=ja: 105系通勤形電車のあゆみ その１|trans-title= History of the 105 series commuter EMU - Part 1| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine| volume = 52| issue = 613|pages=108–111| date = May 2012}}
The first sets introduced were 105-0 series two-car sets which were newly built in 1981 with three pairs of doors per side. 105-500 series two-car sets were later introduced, converted from former 103 series EMU cars, with four pairs of doors per side.
As of 1 April 2012, 56 2-car sets are operated by JR-West, based at Hineno, Okayama, Shimonoseki, and Hiroshima depots.{{cite book |script-title=ja:JR電車編成表 2012夏 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Summer 2012| publisher = JRR| date = May 2012| location = Japan| page = 408| isbn = 978-4-330-28612-9}}
105-0 series
60 105-0 series vehicles were built in 1981, formed as two-car sets for use on the Onoda Line and Ube Line, and four-car sets for use on the Fukuen Line.{{cite journal| last = Fukuhara| first = Shunichi| script-title=ja: 105系通勤形電車のあゆみ その２|trans-title= History of the 105 series commuter EMU - Part 2| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine| volume = 52| issue = 614|pages=120–123| date = June 2012}} Initially, these sets were not equipped with air-conditioning.
=Formations=
==4-car sets==
| class="wikitable" | |||
| KuMoHa 105 | SaHa 105 | MoHa 105 | KuHa 104 |
The KuMoHa and MoHa cars were each equipped with one lozenge-type pantograph.
==2-car sets==
| class="wikitable" | |
| KuMoHa 105 | KuHa 104 |
The KuMoHa cars are equipped with one lozenge-type pantograph.
=Interior=
105-500/600 series
The 105-500/600 series variant was introduced from October 1984, coinciding with the electrification of the Nara Line between Kyoto and Nara, and the Wakayama Line between Wakayama and Gojō.{{cite journal| last = Fukuhara| first = Shunichi| script-title=ja:105系通勤形電車のあゆみ その３|trans-title= History of the 105 series commuter EMU - Part 3| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine| volume = 52| issue = 616|pages=96–101| date = August 2012}} Budget restraints prevented the construction of new trains, and instead, former Jōban Line 103-1000 series EMU cars made surplus by the introduction of 203 series EMUs were modified with the addition of new cab ends to form 2-car 105-500 series sets.
Senseki Line sets
In March 1987, four former 103 series air-conditioned driving cars were converted to become 2-car 105 series sets for use on the Senseki Line in the Sendai area. These sets retained the original non-gangwayed 103 series cab ends.{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR全車輛ハンドブック'92 |trans-title= JR Rolling Stock Handbook 1992| publisher = Neko Publishing| year = 1992| location = Japan| page = 242}}
References
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}
{{JNR EMU}}
{{JR East EMU}}
{{JR-West rolling stock}}
Category:Electric multiple units of Japan
Category:East Japan Railway Company