108 St Georges Terrace

File:108 St Georges Terrace Perth WA.jpg

{{Main|Palace Hotel, Perth}}

The tower's prime location at the corner of William Street and St Georges Terrace was the site of the first licensed premises in Perth from the 1830s.{{cite news |first=Roy |last=Gibson |title=Walks reveal city's history |work=The West Australian |page=19 |date=21 April 2008 }} The then-opulent Palace Hotel opened on this corner in 1897 during the days of the Western Australian gold rush, and developed a "colourful" history, hosting numerous celebrities of the time.{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Dunn |title=Palace Hotel |work=Sunday Times |page=4 |date=4 July 2004}}

The plot was purchased by the Commonwealth Banking Corporation, which announced in 1972 that it planned to redevelop the site as high-rise offices.

During the 1950s and 1960s, many of Perth's older buildings had been demolished to make way for modern developments, which led to wide criticism of the Perth City Council for approving such redevelopments.{{cite news |author=Staff writer |title=Race for the sky will scale greater heights |work=The West Australian |page=11 |date=21 September 1987 |quote=The PCC is criticised from many quarters over the loss of older buildings to new developments. }}

In this atmosphere, wide public protest resulted and a lobby group of concerned citizens calling themselves "The Palace Guards" worked to save the historic building.{{cite book |last=Hocking |first=Ian |title=Perth—the building challenge |date=c. 1987 |publisher=The Master Builders' Association of Western Australia |location=Perth |isbn=0-9598935-3-9 |pages=32–33 }}

This outcry led to condemnation of the plans and heritage listing of the property by the National Trust, and forced the Commonwealth Bank to ask the Federal Government to take the property off its hands. The property was subsequently purchased from the Commonwealth Bank by businessman Alan Bond in 1978 along with the adjacent Terrace Arcade.

In 1980, Bond unveiled new plans for the redevelopment of the site. These plans made some effort at preservation of the Palace Hotel, by retaining the facade and main foyer area of the building.{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Wainwright |title=Just a pretty facade |work=The West Australian |page=3 |date=4 June 1986 }} However, the construction of the modern office tower at the site's north-eastern corner required demolition of Terrace Arcade, the eastern accommodation wing and the hotel's renowned dining room. The rationale given for the works required was that extensive renovations to the Palace Hotel in 1915 and the 1930s had weakened its structure significantly, as well as problems controlling white ants in the structure.

The development exceeded the acceptable plot ratio in the town planning scheme, however the Perth City Council pre-approved the plans nonetheless, on the condition that Bond Corporation kept the Palace Hotel operating as a hotel.

Demolition of parts of the site commenced in August 1981, and by August 1983 construction had completed on the tower's foundation and three levels of underground parking.{{cite news |first=Paul |last=McGeough |title=Reviver for Palace Project |work=The West Australian |page=1 |date=8 September 1984 }} However, there were continuing doubts about the viability of the building,{{cite news |author=Staff writer |title=At long last, it's a big success story |work=The Western Mail |publisher=Western Mail Limited |page=56 |date=5–6 October 1985 }} slowing the pace of the development. This changed on 7 September 1984 when R&I Bank chairman David Fischer signed a joint venture agreement over the development with Austmark International, a subsidiary of Bond Corporation. The bank, which was at the time wholly owned by the Government of Western Australia, consulted then-Premier Brian Burke in deciding whether to invest in the project.

Following the investment in the project by the bank, the developers successfully sought modification of the original planning approval by the Perth City Council to allow the use of the Palace Hotel as a bank, rather than remaining as a public hotel. With this permission, construction of the development by Multiplex proceeded, and floor space was leased rapidly; by October 1985 only four floors of the building remained for lease and it was expected to be fully let before completion. With construction finally proceeding once more, the Palace Hotel closed in June 1986. In April 1987, while the tower was still under construction, five men were arrested after illegally entering the site and parachuting from the top of the tower in the early hours of the morning.{{cite news |title=Police get the drop on stunt jumpers |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|page=11 |date=28 April 1987}} Construction proceeded at the rate of about one floor every eight to ten days.

File:Bankwest Tower Perth.jpg]]

The construction of the tower took three years to complete, with the first occupants moving into the tower in July 1988.{{cite news |first=Rob |last=MacDonald |title=214m tower is all set to open for business |work=Daily News |page=14 |date=8 July 1988 }} The tower was officially opened in October 1989. Construction of the building cost A$120 million, up from the 1984 estimates of $100 million. Upon its completion, the building was the 88th-tallest building in the world,[http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/compare-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=DEM&function%5B%5D=office&function%5B%5D=residential&function%5B%5D=hotel&function%5B%5D=mixed-use&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=0&base_height_range=4&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=1988&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2019&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&dataSubmit=Show+Results Building list: All buildings, 1988 – The Skyscraper Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319151630/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/compare-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&status%5B%5D=DEM&function%5B%5D=office&function%5B%5D=residential&function%5B%5D=hotel&function%5B%5D=mixed-use&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=0&base_height_range=4&base_company=All&base_min_year=1900&base_max_year=1988&comp_region=0&comp_country=0&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2019&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&dataSubmit=Show+Results |date=19 March 2018 }}. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 19 March 2018. the third-tallest in Australia and the tallest in Perth (overtaking St Martins Tower).{{cite book |last=John |first=H. |title=Bank Tower reaches new heights |series=Construction Industry International |volume=13 |date=November 1987 |pages=35–37 }} It was also the eighth-tallest concrete skyscraper in the world.

However, at this time there were already plans to build a taller building on the site of the former David Jones department store between Hay Street and St Georges Terrace, which became Central Park.

File:BankWest Tower.jpg

The top three floors of the building were occupied by Alan Bond's private investment company Dallhold Investments, which owned a majority stake in Bond Corporation.{{cite news |first=Colleen |last=Ryan |title=How Bond will probably get his nickel's worth in private |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|page=25 |date=16 January 1990 |quote=Dallhold took pride of place in the new Bond headquarters in the R & I Tower in Perth, it had the top floors with the glass atrium in which was displayed a multi million dollar art collection. }}

In November 1987, Alan Bond bought the Vincent van Gogh painting Irises and unveiled it in a purpose-built secure art gallery on the 49th floor of the tower on 23 December 1988.{{cite news |title=Business Tycoon Says He Bought World's Most Valuable Painting |agency=Associated Press |date=22 December 1988}} Amidst a worsening financial situation for the Bond companies, Bond Corporation sold its half share in the building to R&I Bank for $108 million, making R&I Bank its outright owner.{{cite news |first=Bruce |last=Jacques |title=Court decision threatens Bond deal |work=Financial Times |page=22 |date=20 December 1989 |quote=Mr Bond also told yesterday's Bond Corporation meeting the company had sold its half share in the 50-storey R&I Tower building in Perth for ADollars 108m. ... Mr Bond said the group had experienced a difficult period where conflicts had been sensationalised by the media. He said the group's recently announced Australian record loss of more than $800m had to be seen in perspective because it included large provisions and write-offs. }} In 1991 amid the collapse of the Bond empire, Bond shifted his offices out of the tower, leaving the top three floors vacant.{{cite news |first=Tony |last=Kaye |title=Bond Keeps Low Profile As Dallhold's Creditors Close In |work=Sunday Age |page=3 |date=5 May 1991 |quote=The Bond family company, Dallhold Investments, has also had its fair share of problems of late. In the past few weeks, Dallhold has moved offices from its palatial 50th floor accommodation in the R&I Bank Tower (formerly Bond Tower) in Perth, to a ground-floor spot further up the road. }}

These floors then remained vacant for almost a decade.{{cite news |first=Virginia |last=Egerton-Warburton |title=Former Bond Tower Hangs Out 'full' Sign |work=The West Australian |page=64 |date=15 March 2000 }}

From when it opened, the tower was referred to as both the Bond Tower{{cite news |first=Victoria |last=Laurie |title=City of lights to again reflect its civic pride |work=The Australian |page=15 |date=21 August 2000 }} and the R&I Tower, owing to the presence of both logos on the building's exterior.{{cite web |url=http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search~S6?/Xperth+demolished&searchscope=6&SORT=DZ/Xperth+demolished&searchscope=6&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=perth%20demolished/1%2C49%2C49%2CB/frameset&FF=Xperth+demolished&searchscope=6&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C |title=Demolished multi-storey carpark on Stirling and James Streets Perth (picture) |access-date=7 February 2009 |last=Woldendorp |first=Richard |year=c. 1990 |publisher=State Library of Western Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224065323/http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search~S6?%2FXperth+demolished&searchscope=6&SORT=DZ%2FXperth+demolished&searchscope=6&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=perth%20demolished%2F1%2C49%2C49%2CB%2Fframeset&FF=Xperth+demolished&searchscope=6&SORT=DZ&1%2C1%2C |archive-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead }} The Bond Corporation logos were later removed from the tower,{{cite web |url=http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search~S6?/dAerial+photographs+--+1990-2000/daerial+photographs+1990+2000/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB/frameset&FF=daerial+photographs+1990+2000&146%2C%2C164 |title=Aerial view of Perth CBD and bus station (picture) |access-date=7 February 2009 |last=Woldendorp |first=Richard |year=c. 1992 |publisher=State Library of Western Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224065406/http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search~S6?%2FdAerial+photographs+--+1990-2000%2Fdaerial+photographs+1990+2000%2F-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB%2Fframeset&FF=daerial+photographs+1990+2000&146%2C%2C164 |archive-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead }} and by the end of 1994, the signage on the building was updated to match the new name and logo of its owner and head tenant, Bankwest.{{cite web |url=http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search~S6?/dAerial+photographs+--+1990-2000/daerial+photographs+1990+2000/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB/frameset&FF=daerial+photographs+1990+2000&134%2C%2C164 |title=Aerial view looking west over Perth central business district (picture) |access-date=7 February 2009 |last=Woldendorp |first=Richard |date=November 1994 |publisher=State Library of Western Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224065413/http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search~S6?%2FdAerial+photographs+--+1990-2000%2Fdaerial+photographs+1990+2000%2F-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB%2Fframeset&FF=daerial+photographs+1990+2000&134%2C%2C164 |archive-date=24 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}

Bankwest sold the building in November 1994 for $146 million to Jetcloud Pty Ltd, which was owned by AMP and UniSuper.{{cite web |url=https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/BankWest-Tower-108-St-Georges-Terrace-Perth |title=Demolished multi-storey carpark on Stirling and James Streets Perth (picture) |access-date=19 August 2022 |last=Hooper |first=Matthew |year=2004 |website=Business News}} However, Bankwest retained the head lease over the building, and in 2000 the Bank occupied around 20 floors. In 2002, Valad purchased a half-share in the tower for $92.5 million, which it then sold to Stockland in early 2007.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200415082150/https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20061227/pdf/310b158p5ndz7l.pdf Valad agrees to sell Bankwest Tower for $134 million] Valad Property Group 22 December 2006 Meanwhile, Brookfield inherited its half-stake in the tower through its 2007 acquisition of Multiplex, who had merged with Ronin Property Group{{cite news |first=Cathy |last=Saunders |title=Multiplex owner puts tower on the market |work=The West Australian |page=78 |date=10 November 2007 }} (the renamed AMP Office Trust) in late 2004.{{cite web |url=http://www.brookfieldmultiplex.com/about/news/news/?NewsID=143 |title=Merger of Multiplex Group and Ronin Property Group |access-date=7 November 2008 |website=Brookfield Multiplex |date=27 September 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080722114615/http://www.brookfieldmultiplex.com/about/news/news/?NewsID=143 |archive-date=22 July 2008 }}

Bankwest announced in 2006 that it would not renew its lease, instead moving to a new tower proposed for Raine Square.{{cite news |first = Rebecca | last = Keenan | title = Multiplex holds key to $134m BankWest deal | work = The West Australian | page = 46 | date = 28 December 2006}} Due to delays with the Raine Square development, Bankwest was forced in November 2009 to seek a 5-year renewal of its lease in the Bankwest Tower, the remainder of which will be taken on by Raine Square property developer Saracen Properties.{{cite news |first=Cathy |last=Saunders |title=Raine Square 'to keep BankWest' |work=The West Australian |page=58 |date=15 October 2008 }} Saracen Properties announced in May 2009 that they would not seek to renew their lease, and would vacate at the termination of their lease in November 2009. It was also revealed that the 50th floor office space once occupied by Alan Bond was still in the same condition as when he left in 1991, with Bond's former chair, desk and boardroom table available as part of the lease.{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/business/story/0,27753,25456614-462,00.html |title=Bondy's old office up for lease |access-date=12 May 2009 |website=News.com.au |date=10 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514022518/http://www.news.com.au/business/story/0%2C27753%2C25456614-462%2C00.html |archive-date=14 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}

Brookfield put its half share in the building up for sale in early 2008,{{cite news |first=Cathy |last=Saunders |title=Multiplex puts tower stake on the market |work=The West Australian |page=49 |date=21 February 2008 }} however an offer for the tower by Luke Saraceni fell through and the half share in the tower was taken off the property market.{{cite news |first=Cathy |last=Saunders |title=Big towers off market as offers fall short |work=The West Australian |page=45 |date=8 August 2008 }} Stockland divested their 50% holding via an asset swap in 2011, transferring full ownership of the tower to Brookfield in exchange for two residential projects.{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Wilkie |url=https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/Stockland-Brookfield-in-asset-swap |title=Stockland, Brookfield in asset swap |website=Business News |date=22 June 2011 |access-date=19 August 2022

}}

It was announced in January 2015 that base metal and mining company South32 would sign a 10½-year lease for {{convert|8300|m2|ft2}} of office space, starting from May 2015. The company also took up the naming and rooftop signage rights for the tower.{{cite news |title=South32 to adorn city skyline |first=Peter |last=Klinger |url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/wa/a/25980667/south32-to-adorn-city-skyline/ |newspaper=The West Australian |date=13 January 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625193738/https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/wa/a/25980667/south32-to-adorn-city-skyline/ |archive-date=25 June 2015 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=South32 signs 10-year Perth lease |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/latest/south32-signs-10-year-perth-lease/story-e6frg90f-1227183146997 |newspaper=The Australian |date=13 January 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240527100424/https://www.webcitation.org/6ZWZvmmjr?url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/latest/south32-signs-10-year-perth-lease/story-e6frg90f-1227183146997%3Fnk=ea7ecb9cc4d5452fe3bae55b289cff21-1435147674 |archive-date=27 May 2024 |url-status=live }}

In 2017 a number of glass panels shattered dropping some glass fragments. In response the building owners installed temporary gantries to protect pedestrians while carrying out rectification works.{{cite news |url=https://www.news.com.au/national/western-australia/glass-panel-fall-from-city-tower/news-story/3cb2e6b6699b4e238f7dfa521af705e3 |title=Glass panels fall from city tower |website=News.com.au |date=10 May 2009 |access-date=25 February 2019 |archive-date=25 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103045/https://www.news.com.au/national/western-australia/glass-panel-fall-from-city-tower/news-story/3cb2e6b6699b4e238f7dfa521af705e3 |url-status=live }}

In May 2022, Brookfield commenced a sale process for the building, with an expected price of $350 million.{{cite news |first=Martin |last=Kelly |url=https://www.afr.com/property/commercial/brookfield-selling-former-bond-lair-with-350m-aspirations-20220523-p5ansb |title=Brookfield selling former Bond lair with $350m aspirations |website=Australian Financial Review |date=22 May 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 }} The process was concluded in October 2022, with the building being sold for $340 million to a 50/50 joint venture between Lendlease and Realside Financial.{{cite news |first=Kim |last=Macdonald |url=https://thewest.com.au/business/commercial-property/discount-revealed-on-iconic-st-georges-terrace-building--c-8439861 |title=Discount revealed on iconic St Georges Terrace building |website=The West Australian |date=5 October 2022 |access-date=27 January 2023}}{{cite news |first=Nick |last=Lenaghan |url=https://www.commercialrealestate.com.au/news/the-perth-tower-that-alan-bond-built-is-a-steal-for-lendlease-at-340m-1181703/ |title=The Perth tower that Alan Bond built is a steal for Lendlease at $340m |website=commercialrealestate.com.au |date=11 November 2022 |access-date=27 January 2023}}

In March 2023, South32 announced that they would exit the building in mid to late 2025, aligning with the end of their lease, and relocate their offices into newly refurbished space at the adjacent 100 St Georges Terrace.{{cite news |first=Claire |last=Tyrrell |url=https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/South32-to-move-to-Enex |title=South32 to move to Enex |website=businessnews.com.au |date=10 March 2023 |access-date=23 January 2024 |url-access=subscription }}

In April 2024, it was announced that the tower would be renamed Palace Tower in light of South32's exit in 2025. The new name is a reference to the Palace Hotel, and was announced alongside a $10 million refurbishment to the building in a bid to attract a new anchor tenant and to stand out in a competitive market.{{cite news |first=Kim|last=Macdonald|url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/business/property/south32-skyscraper-renamed-as-part-of-a-10-million-makeover-at-108-st-georges-terrace-c-14348390 |title=South32 skyscraper renamed as part of a $10 million makeover at 108 St Georges Terrace |website=PerthNow |date=17 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024}}

The tower was designed by architects Cameron Chisholm Nicol. The major parameter given to them in the planning of the building was that "all office areas should face the excellent views that exist of the Swan River".{{cite book |author=Cameron Chisholm Nicol Architects |title=R&I Tower |series=The Architect (Western Australia) |volume=29–4 |year=1989 |pages=16–17 }} Working within this brief, they selected a triangular cross-section of the tower because it lent "itself to open plan office layouts" by allowing natural light to reach most parts of the working floors. Also, the stepped front of the building maximised the number of corner offices on each floor. The eastern and northern sides of the building are slip-formed concrete shear walls,{{cite journal |url=http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=648389541056009;res=IELENG |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121230234021/http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=648389541056009;res=IELENG |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2012 |title=The R and I Bank Tower, Perth |access-date=7 November 2008 |last1=Roberts |first1=A. |last2=Ryan |first2=D.C. |year=1987 |journal=First National Structural Engineering Conference 1987: Preprints of Papers |publisher=Institution of Engineers, Australia |location=Canberra |pages=679–684 }} and have fewer windows. These sides house the services of the building, including the lift shafts and stairwells. Some difficulty was encountered in the design stage with how to execute the diagonal slopes forming the top of these walls alongside the top five floors of the building, since a standard concrete pour was not possible. Instead, reinforced concrete panels were prefabricated elsewhere and subsequently attached to the structure.

The floor plates of the tower are constructed from conventional reinforced concrete beams and slabs. The building's 14 passenger lifts are divided into three zones: low-rise (floors G-17), mid-rise (18–29) and high-rise (30–51), thought to be the first building in Australia to use such a configuration.

The foyer of the tower was originally planned to be an open-air forecourt between the building and the remains of the Palace Hotel, however extensive aeroelastic wind testing of the structure by the Institute of Environmental Sciences at Murdoch University forced this area to be covered with a glass canopy. Mocks of the curtain walls to be used in the tower were also tested to 1.5 times the proof load to ensure they could withstand cyclone-force weather and seismic shocks. The building is clad with green-tinted double-pane glass on windows, with the service core and structure of the building covered with aluminium sheeting skin coated with a light grey fluoropolymer paint.

Upon completion, the mass of the building above ground was {{convert|66000|t|lb|lk=on}}. The building rests upon 43 belled concrete and steel piles, of average length {{convert|30|m|ft}}, which go "through 3 layers of swamp" to solid siltstone bedrock. These piles range in diameter from {{convert|2.5|m|ftin}} to {{convert|2.9|m|ftin}}. The basement of the building has a depth of {{convert|16|m|ft}}, and has a {{convert|0.5|m|ftin|adj=on}} thick diaphragm wall to prevent water ingress.

While the building was under construction, on 21 September 1987 the Perth City Council approved the addition of a {{convert|48|m|ft|adj=on}} spire to the top of the tower to house television and radio antennas, microwave antennas, navigation lights and surveillance cameras. However, when asked about the surveillance cameras, the R&I Bank's development spokesman Terry Pilbeam denied any knowledge about what any cameras would be used for. The spire was also approved by the Department of Transport and Communications, which said the spire would cause no air traffic problems,{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Wainwright |title=Bid to add spire to R&I Tower |work=The West Australian |page=3 |date=22 September 1987 }} and the spire was added to the building upon completion.

File:Bankwest Tower 2.jpg|108's glass windows

File:Bankwest Tower.jpg|The northern side of the tower as viewed from William Street

File:BankWest Tower view.jpg|A typical view over the Swan River from an office in the tower

File:BankWest Building.JPG|A view showing the north and east sides of the building, which contain the service cores

File:Palace hotel from westpac.jpg|The Palace Hotel and the forecourt's distinctive spiked glass roof

File:Bankwest tower.jpg|View of 108 from the corner of William Street and St Georges Terrace

File:AMP Bankwest gnangarra.jpg|View of the tower from South Perth

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120911092726/http://108stgeorgesterrace.com/ 108 St Georges Terrace website]}}
• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070228173952/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=bankwesttower-perth-australia Emporis listing for the tower]}}
• [http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=283 SkyscraperPage for the tower]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133241/http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search~S6?%2FdR+%26+I+Bank+of+Western+Australia+Ltd.%2Fdr+and+i+bank+of+western+australia+ltd%2F-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB%2Fexact&FF=dr+and+i+bank+tower+perth+w+a+photographs&1%2C2%2C State Library of Western Australia] – photographs of the building as proposed and under construction

{{Tallest buildings in Australia|taller=Telstra Corporate Centre|theight=218m|shorter=Aurora Tower|sheight=207m}}

{{Perth skyscrapers|state=expanded}}

Category:Office buildings completed in 1988

Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Perth, Western Australia

Category:Bank buildings in Australia

Category:St Georges Terrace

Category:William Street, Perth