1125 China
{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{for|1928 UF and {{mp|1986 QK|1}}, the asteroid discovered in 1928, lost, and then rediscovered in 1986|3789 Zhongguo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1125 China
| background = #D6D6D6
| image = 001125-asteroid shape model (1125) China.png
| image_scale =
| caption = Modelled shape of China from its lightcurve
| discoverer = Y. C. Chang
| discovery_site = Purple Mountain Obs.
| discovered = 30 October 1957
| mpc_name = (1125) China
| alt_names = {{mp|1957 UN|1}}{{·}}1959 EL
1971 KX{{·}}1974 VM
A909 BE
| pronounced =
| named_after = China {{small|(country)}}
| mp_category = {{plainlist|
- main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}
- background}}
| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 108.75 yr (39,722 days)
| aphelion = 3.8083 AU
| perihelion = 2.4452 AU
| semimajor = 3.1267 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2180
| period = 5.53 yr (2,019 days)
| mean_anomaly = 215.01°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1783|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 3.0407°
| asc_node = 97.172°
| arg_peri = 10.745°
| mean_diameter = {{val|21.86|6.06}} km
{{val|23.95|6.03}} km
{{val|26.084|0.199}} km
{{val|26.513|0.354}} km
26.64 km {{small|(calculated)}}
{{val|30.49|1.97}} km
| rotation = {{val|5.367|0.002|ul=h}}
{{val|5.45|0.02|u=h}}{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Stephens}}
| pole_ecliptic_lat= {{plainlist|
| albedo = 0.057 {{small|(assumed)}}
{{val|0.057|0.004}}
{{val|0.06|0.03}}
{{val|0.063|0.009}}
{{val|0.08|0.06}}
{{val|0.0860|0.0223}}
| spectral_type = C {{small|(assumed)}}
| abs_magnitude = 11.20{{·}}{{val|11.26|0.19}}{{·}}11.60{{·}}11.70
}}
1125 China (prov. designation: {{mp|1957 UN|1}}) is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 30 October 1957, by astronomer Zhāng Yùzhé (Y. C. Chang, 张钰哲) at the Chinese Purple Mountain Observatory (紫金山天文台) in Nanjing, and named in honor of the country China. The assumed C-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 5.4 hours and measures approximately {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} in diameter. Its name and number were actually taken from another asteroid that was considered a lost asteroid at the time, but was eventually rediscovered and given the new designation 3789 Zhongguo. "Zhongguo" means "China" in Chinese ({{mp|1928 UF}}).
Orbit and classification
China is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,019 days; semi-major axis of 3.13 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as {{mp|A909 BE}} at Heidelberg Observatory in January 1909, where the body's observation arc begins three week later in February 1909, or more than 48 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nanking, China.
Naming
This minor planet was named after People's Republic of China where the asteroid was discovered. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 31 May 1988 ({{small|M.P.C. 13179}}).
Accidentally usurped designation
{{main|3789 Zhongguo}}
While studying in Chicago in 1928, Zhang Yuzhe discovered an asteroid that was given the provisional designation {{mp|1928 UF}}, and later the number 1125. He named it "China" or "中華" (Zhōnghuá). However, this asteroid was not observed beyond its initial appearance and a precise orbit could not be calculated. In 1957, the Purple Mountain Observatory in China discovered a new asteroid, and with Zhang Yuzhe's agreement the new object {{mp|1957 UN|1}} was reassigned the official designation 1125 China in place of the lost {{mp|1928 UF}}. However, in 1986, the newly discovered object {{mp|1986 QK|1}} was confirmed to be a rediscovery of the original {{mp|1928 UF}}, and this object was named 3789 Zhongguo. Zhongguo is the Chinese word for China.
Physical characteristics
China is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.
= Rotation period and poles =
In February 2009, a rotational lightcurve of China was obtained from photometric observations by Kenneth T. Menzies at the Tigh Speuran Observatory {{Obscode|I14}} in Massachusetts, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.367 hours with a brightness variation of 0.38 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}). In October 2013, Robert Stephens measured a similar period of 5.45 hours and an amplitude of 0.62 magnitude at the Center for Solar System Studies {{Obscode|U81}} in California ({{small|U=3-}}).{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Stephens}}
Published in 2016, an additional lightcurve was modeled from photometric data obtained by a large international collaboration of astronomers. Modelling gave a concurring sidereal rotation period of {{val|5.36863|0.00005}} hours, as well as two spin axes of (132.0°, −46.0°) and (305.0°, −49.0°) in ecliptic coordinates.
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, China measures between 21.86 and 30.49 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.057 and 0.0860.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 26.64 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.6.
Notes
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Stephens|1=Stephens (2013): [http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/RDS/1125_CHINA_2013-10-20.PNG lightcurve plot of (1125) China], rotation period {{val|5.45|0.02}} hours. Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1125 LCDB]}}
}}
References
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|work = Minor Planet Center
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|date = February 2016
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|title = Asteroid 1125 China
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
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|access-date = 13 March 2020}}
|title = Asteroid 1125 China – Proper Elements
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}}
External links
- [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
- [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend
- [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
- {{AstDys|1125}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1124 Stroobantia |number=1125 |1126 Otero}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:China}}