1159

• September 7 – Pope Alexander III succeeds Pope Adrian IV, as the 170th pope.{{Cite journal|last=Barlow|first=Frank|date=April 1936|title=The English, Norman, and French Councils Called to Deal with the Papal Schism of 1159|journal=The English Historical Review|volume=51|issue=202|pages=264–268|doi=10.1093/ehr/LI.CCII.264|issn=0013-8266|quote=In September 1159 Pope Adrian IV died, and a double election was made to the Papacy. The imperialist faction chose Octavian, cardinal-priest of St. Cecilia, who took the title of Victor IV, and the church party Roland, the chancellor, who became known as Alexander III.|jstor=553521}}{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUr31ZoNGuAC&q=1159+pope+Adrian+IV&pg=PA208|title=The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature|last=Dolan|first=Terence|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=9780521890465|editor-last=Wallace|editor-first=David|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=208|language=en|chapter=Chapter 8: Writing in Ireland|orig-year=1999}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMpMAQAAMAAJ&q=1159+pope+Alexander+III&pg=PA161|title=Romanism as it is: An Exposition of the Roman Catholic System, for the Use of the American People Embracing a Full Account of Its Origin and Development at Rome and from Rome, Its Distinctive Features in Theory and Practice, Its Characteristic Tendencies and Aims, Its Statistical and Moral Position, and Its Special Relations to American Institutions and Liberties; the Whole Drawn from Official and Authentic Sources, and Enriched with Numerous Illustrations, Documentary, Historical, Descriptive, Anecdotical and Pictorial: Together with a Full and Complete Index, and an Appendix of Matters from 1871 to 1876|last=Barnum|first=Samuel Weed|publisher=Connecticut Publishing Company|year=1876|location=Hartford, CT|pages=11|language=en}}
• Taira no Kiyomori leaves Kyōto on a personal pilgrimage, giving Fujiwara no Nobuyori and his Minamoto allies the perfect chance to stage an uprising.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mr1GDwAAQBAJ&q=1159+Heiji+Rebellion&pg=PA100|title=How To Read World History in Art: From the Code of Hammurabit to September 11|last1=Febbraro|first1=Flavio|last2=Shwetje|first2=Burkhard|publisher=Abrams Books|year=2010|isbn=9780810996830|location=New York|pages=100|language=en}}{{Cite journal|last=Matsunami|first=Yoshihiro|date=1979|title=Conflict within the Development of Buddhism|journal=Japanese Journal of Religious Studies|volume=6|issue=1/2|pages=329–345|doi=10.18874/jjrs.6.1-2.1979.329-345|issn=0304-1042|quote=Wars, beginning with the Hogen rebellion of 1156 and the Heiji rebellion of 1159, occurred in rapid succession, bringing confusion and chaos to the people.|jstor=30233204|doi-access=free}}{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gbwdAAAAQBAJ&q=1159+Heiji+Rebellion&pg=PA1|title=Authorizing the Shogunate: Ritual and Material Symbolism in the Literary Construction of Warrior Order|last=Selinger|first=Vyjayanthi R.|publisher=BRILL|year=2013|isbn=9789004255333|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=1|language=en|chapter=Chapter 1: Genpei Jōsuiki and the Historical Narration of the Genpei War}}
• Tunis is reconquered from the Normans, by the Almohad caliphs.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AOKfN0lPLaoC&q=1159+Tunis+Normans&pg=RA1-PA99|title=The Normans and Their Adversaries at War: Essays in Memory of C. Warren Hollister|last1=Abels|first1=Richard Philip|last2=Bachrach|first2=Bernard S.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=2001|isbn=9780851158471|location=Woodbridge, UK, Rochester, NY|pages=99|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIMRDQAAQBAJ&q=1159+Tunis+Normans&pg=PA197|title=Historical Dictionary of Tunisia|last=Perkins|first=Kenneth J.|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2016|isbn=9781442273184|edition= Third|location=Lanham, MA, Boulder, CO, New York, London|pages=197|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2By-NdV93AC&q=1159+Tunis+Normans&pg=PR294|title=The Rough Guide to Tunisia|last1=Jacobs|first1=Daniel|last2=Morris|first2=Peter|publisher=Rough Guides|year=2001|isbn=9781858287485|location=London and New York|pages=432|language=en}}
• (Approximate date): Churchman Richard FitzNeal is appointed Lord High Treasurer in England, in charge of Henry II of England's Exchequer, an office he will hold for almost 40 years.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q95RAQAAIAAJ&q=1159+Richard+FitzNeal&pg=PA88|title=Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: The Wardrobe, the Chamber and the Small Seals|last=Tout|first=Thomas Frederick|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1920|volume=1|location=Manchester and New York|pages=88|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RRtWubS24-YC&q=1159+Richard+FitzNeal&pg=PA29|title=The Cartulary of Chatteris Abbey|last=Abbey|first=Chatteris|publisher=Boydell Press|year=1999|isbn=9780851157504|location=Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY|pages=29|language=en}}{{Cite journal|last=Karn|first=Nicholas|date=2007|title=Nigel, bishop of Ely, and the restoration of the exchequer after the 'anarchy' of King Stephen's reign*|journal=Historical Research|language=en|volume=80|issue=209|pages=299–314|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2281.2006.00392.x|issn=1468-2281|quote=The author of the Liber Eliensis indicates that Richard was appointed in 1159, during the preparations for the Toulouse campaign}}

• Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Japanese general (d. 1189){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HXbeAwAAQBAJ&q=1159+Minamoto+no+Yoshitsune&pg=PA162|title=The Columbia Anthology of Japanese Essays: Zuihitsu from the Tenth to the Twenty-First Century|last=Carter|first=Steven D.|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780231537551|location=New York|pages=162|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RX52MsrFdl4C&q=1159+Minamoto+no+Yoshitsune&pg=PA32|title=A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower|last=Henshall|first=K.|publisher=Springer|year=2012|isbn=9780230369184|location=London and New York|pages=32|language=en|orig-year=1999}}{{Cite journal|last=Miyawaki–okada|first=Junko|date=1 January 2006|title=The Japanese Origin of the Chinggis Khan Legends|journal=Inner Asia|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=123–34|doi=10.1163/146481706793646819|issn=2210-5018|quote=Minamoto no Yoshitsune, or Gen Gikei as his name is in Sino-Japanese pronunciation, was born in 1159 as a half brother of Minamoto no Yoritomo}}

• May 30 – Wladislaus II, the Exile of Poland (b. 1105){{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265972610|title=Rome, Constantinople and Newly-converted Europe: Archaeological and Historical Evidence|last1=Salamon|first1=Maciej|last2=Hardt|first2=Matthias|last3=Kruk|first3=Mirosław Piotr|last4=Sulikowska|first4=Aleksandra|publisher=Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas|year=2012|isbn=9788389499851|location=Kraków, Leipzig, Rzeszów, Warszawa|pages=215|language=en|chapter=The Archetypal Crusader. Henry of Sandomierz, the Second Youngest Son of Bolesław III by Darius Von Güttner-Sporzyński|quote=Within the decade of his birth Henry’s father died, and Henry’s elder half-brother Władysław ii Wygnaniec (the exile [1105-1159]) ascended the Polish throne.}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eNRAgAAQBAJ&q=1159+W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+II+the+Exile&pg=PA175|title=Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300|last1=Berend|first1=Nora|last2=Urbańczyk|first2=Przemysław|last3=Wiszewski|first3=Przemysław|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781107651395|series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=175|language=en}}
• August 29 – Bertha of Sulzbach, Byzantine Empress (b. 1110s){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gWGAgAAQBAJ&q=1159+Bertha+of+Sulzbach&pg=PA201|title=Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204|last=Garland|first=Lynda|author-link=Lynda Garland |publisher=Routledge|year=1999|isbn=9781134756391|location=London and New York|pages=201|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkQOAQAAIAAJ&q=1159+Bertha+of+Sulzbach|title=A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187|last=Runciman|first=Steven|publisher=University Press|year=1954|isbn=9780521061636|pages=359|language=en|quote=About the end of the year 1159 the Empress Irene, born Bertha of Sulzbach, had died leaving only a daughter behind her.}}
• September 1 – Pope Adrian IV (b. c. 1100){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=1159+Pope+Adrian+IV&pg=PT517|title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia|last=Eden|first=Bradford Lee|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9781135948801|editor-last=Kleinhenz|editor-first=Christopher|location=New York and London|pages=487|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC&q=1159+Pope+Hadrian+IV&pg=PA25|title=Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes|last=Williams|first=George L.|publisher=McFarland|year=2004|isbn=9780786420711|location=Jefferson, NC and London|pages=25|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XjixCwAAQBAJ&q=1159+Pope+Hadrian+IV&pg=PA45|title=Historical Tables 58 BC – AD 1990|last=Steinberg|first=S. H.|publisher=Springer|year=1991|isbn=9781349127467|edition= 12th |location=London and Basigstoke|pages=45|language=en|orig-year=1939}}
• October 11 – William of Blois, Count of Boulogne and Earl of Surrey (b. c. 1137){{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K48jAQAAMAAJ&q=1159+William+of+Blois&pg=PA216|title=The History of England: From the First Invasion by the Romans to the Accession of William and Mary in 1688|last=Lingard|first=John|publisher=James Duffy & Sons|year=1874|location=Dublin|pages=216|language=en|chapter=Chapter VIII: William I, Surnamed The Conqueror}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxc1DQAAQBAJ&q=1159+William+of+Blois&pg=PA202|title=Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800-1230|last=McDougall|first=Sara|author-link=Sara McDougall|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780198785828|location=Oxford and New York|pages=202|language=en|quote=In 1159 William "Longsword", count of Boulogne, earl of Warenne by right of his wife, the son of King Stephen of England and his wife Matilda of Boulogne, died without issue.}}
• Joscelin II, Count of Edessa{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axNbLoiLLgMC&q=1159+Joscelin+II&pg=PA91|title=Texts, documents, and artefacts [electronic resource]: Islamic studies in honour of D.S. Richards|last=Hillenbrand|first=Carol|publisher=BRILL|year=2003|isbn=9789004128644|editor-last=Robinson|editor-first=Chase F.|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=91|language=en|chapter=The Imprisonment of Reynald at Châtillon}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HrqqhduBapQC&q=1159+Joscelin+II&pg=PA36|title=The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)|last=Dashdondog|first=Bayarsaikhan|publisher=BRILL|year=2011|isbn=9789004186354|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=36|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BjA-GcRHHoC&q=1159+Joscelin+II&pg=PA84|title=The A to Z of the Crusades|last=Slack|first=Corliss K.|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2003|isbn=9780810863316|location=Lanham, MD and Plymouth, UK|pages=84|language=en}}

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