1260

• October 24 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gn8yDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+qutuz&pg=PA224|title=The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades|last=Cobb|first=Paul M.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-061446-1|location=Oxford and New York|pages=225|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHlUDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+qutuz&pg=PA19|title=The Tunis Crusade of 1270: A Mediterranean History|last=Lower|first=Michael|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|isbn=978-0-19-874432-0|location=Oxford and New York|pages=21|language=en}}
• The civil servant and bard longing for lost al-Andalus, Ibn al-Abbar, is burnt at the stake by the Marinid ruler.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sx1bqgibKhQC&q=1260+Ibn+al-Abbar&pg=PA301|title=Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature|last1=Meisami|first1=Julie Scott|last2=Starkey|first2=Paul|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|isbn=978-0-415-18571-4|location=London and New York|pages=301|language=en}}
• The Arba'a Rukun Mosque is completed in Mogadishu. The Arba'a Rukun Mosque (Arabic: أربع ركون), also known as Arba Rucun, is a mosque in the medieval district Shangani, Mogadishu, Somalia.{{Cite book |last1=Adam |first1=Anita |title=Benadiri People of Somalia with Particular Reference to the Reer Hamar of Mogadishu |pages=204–205}}

• The Toluid Civil War begins between Kublai Khan and Ariq Böke, for the title of Great Khan.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0StLNcKQNUoC&q=toluid+1260|title=Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia|last=Allsen|first=Thomas T.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-60270-9|location=Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town|pages=22|language=en|orig-date=2001}}
• May 5 – Kublai Khan becomes a claimant to the Mongol Empire, after the death of Möngke Khan.
• May 21 – Kublai sends his envoy Hao Jing to negotiate with Song dynasty Chancellor Jia Sidao, after the small force left by Kublai south of the Yangtze River is destroyed, by a Chinese army of the Southern Song dynasty. Chancellor Jia Sidao imprisons the entire embassy of Kublai. This slight will not be forgotten by Kublai, but he is unable to assault the Song, due to the civil war with his rival brother Ariq Böke.{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
• September 3 – Battle of Ain Jalut in Galilee: The Mamluks defeat the Mongols, marking their first decisive defeat, and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire. Isa ibn Muhanna is appointed amir al-ʿarab under the Mamluks.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=1260+Battle+of+Ain+Jalut&pg=PA283|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=978-1-85109-672-5|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=283|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFO-eV9cQ0sC&q=1260+Battle+of+Ain+Jalut|title=Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281|last=Amitai-Preiss|first=Reuven|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-52290-8|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=26–30|language=en|orig-date=1995}}
• The Chinese era Jingding begins and ends in the Southern Song dynasty of China.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40elDQAAQBAJ&q=1260+Jingding+southern+song&pg=PA757|title=A Social History of Medieval China|last1=Zhu|first1=Ruixi|last2=Zhang|first2=Bangwei|last3=Liu|first3=Fusheng|last4=Cai|first4=Chongbang|last5=Wang|first5=Zengyu|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-107-16786-5|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=757|language=en}}
• The Japanese Shōgen era ends, and the Bun'ō era begins.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy-sAAAAIAAJ&q=1260+Sh%C5%8Dgen&pg=PA216|title=Lordship and Inheritance in Early Medieval Japan: A Study of the Kamakura Soryo System|last=Mass|first=Jeffrey P.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-8047-1540-9|location=Stanford, CA|pages=215–216|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m34p1f93HogC&q=1260+Bun%27%C5%8D&pg=PA81|title=From Sovereign to Symbol: An Age of Ritual Determinism in Fourteenth Century Japan|last=Conlan|first=Thomas|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-19-977810-2|location=Oxford and New York|pages=81|language=en}}

• July 12 – Battle of Kressenbrunn: King Ottokar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Béla IV of Hungary.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNADwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Kressenbrunn&pg=PA175|title=1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History|last=Grant|first=R. G.|publisher=Book Sales|year=2011|isbn=978-0-7858-3553-0|location=New York|pages=175|language=en}}
• July 13 – Livonian Crusade: The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania decisively defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Durbe. This leads the Estonians of Saaremaa Island to once again rebel against the Livonian Order.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC&q=1260+Battle+of+Durbe&pg=PA320|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|last=Jaques|first=Tony|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0-313-33537-2|volume=I: A-E|location=Westport, CT and London|pages=320|language=en}}
• September 4 – Battle of Montaperti: The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeat the Florentine Guelphs.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QAOAQAAIAAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Montaperti&pg=PA161|title=A History of the Commonwealth of Florence: From the Earliest Independence of the Commune to the Fall of the Republic in 1531|last=Trollope|first=Thomas Adolphus|publisher=Chapman and Hall|year=1865|volume=I|location=London|pages=154–160|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-frZAwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Battle+of+Montaperti&pg=PT36|title=Discourse and the Construction of Society: Comparative Studies of Myth, Ritual, and Classification|last=Lincoln|first=Bruce|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-937238-6|location=Oxford and New York|pages=21–24|language=en}}
• September 20 – Second of the two major Prussian uprisings by the Old Prussian tribe of Balts against the Teutonic Order begins.
• The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0VYDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Saxony&pg=PA1266|title=Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures|last=Gyllenbok|first=Jan|publisher=Birkhäuser|year=2018|isbn=978-3-319-66691-4|series=Science Networks Historical Studies 57|volume=2|location=Cham, Switzerland|pages=1266|language=en}}
• War breaks out in the Valais (in modern-day Switzerland), as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion by the County of Savoy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
• Croatia is divided into two sub-regions ruled by ban: the Croatian region on the south and Slavonian region on the north, by King Béla IV of Hungary.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWd0mimd-dMC&q=1260+Croatia+ban&pg=PA261|title=Künker Auktion 137 – The De Wit Collection of Medieval Coins, 1000 Years of European Coinage, Part III: England, Ireland, Scotland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Balkan, the Middle East, Crusader States, Jetons und Weights|last=Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG|publisher=Numismatischer Verlag Künker|year=2008|location=Osnabrück, Germany|pages=261|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&q=1260+Croatia+ban&pg=PA22|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|last=Fine|first=John Van Antwerp|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|location=Ann Arbor, MI|pages=22|language=en}}

• October 24 – The Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France (the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcNViPYPgLQC&q=1260+Chartres+Cathedral&pg=PA54-IA2|title=High Gothic Sculpture at Chartres Cathedral, the Tomb of the Count of Joigny, and the Master of the Warrior Saints|last=Morganstern|first=Anne McGee|publisher=Pennsylvania State Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-271-04865-9|location=University Park, PA|pages=73|language=en|chapter=Chapter Five: The North Transept Porch of Chartres Cathedral}}
• Jacobus de Voragine compiles his work, the Golden Legend, a late medieval best-seller.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQnm3sNf4MUC&q=1260+Jacobus+da+Varagine&pg=PP17|title=The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints|last=Ryan|first=William Granger|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0-691-00153-1|editor-last=Vorágine|editor-first=Jacobo de|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=xiii|language=en|orig-date=1993}}{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmdjDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Jacobus+da+Varagine&pg=PA121|title=Solitudo: Spaces and Places of Solitude in Late Medieval and Early Modern Cultures|last=Delaure|first=Dominic E.|publisher=BRILL|year=2018|isbn=9789004367432|editor-last=Enenkel|editor-first=Karl A. E.|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=121|language=en|chapter=Chapter 4: Concepts of Solitude in Jacobus de Voragine's Legenda aurea|editor2-last=Göttler|editor2-first=Christine}}
• The mosaic Christ between the Virgin and St Minias is made on the facade of Florence's Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXi0BgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Christ+between+the+Virgin+and+St+Minias&pg=PA164|title=The Rough Guide to Florence & the best of Tuscany|last1=Buckley|first1=Jonathan|last2=Jepson|first2=Tim|publisher=Rough Guides UK|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84836-197-3|location=New York, London, Delhi|pages=160|language=en}}
• German musical theorist Franco of Cologne publishes Ars Cantus Mensurabilis, in which he advances a new theory of musical notation, in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJFxDwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Ars+Cantus+Mensurabilis&pg=PA59|title=Music in the Middle Ages: A Reference Guide: A Reference Guide|last=Lord|first=Suzanne|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-313-08368-6|location=Westport, CT and London|pages=59|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySQ49B5JyIgC&q=1260+Ars+Cantus+Mensurabilis&pg=PA89|title=Giving Voice to Love: Song and Self-Expression from the Troubadours to Guillaume de Machaut|last=Peraino|first=Judith A.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-19-975724-4|location=Oxford, New York|pages=89|language=en}}
• Construction begins on the Dunkeld Cathedral in Perthshire, Scotland.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-i8ZAQAAMAAJ&q=1260+Dunkeld+Cathedral|title=Scotland: An Encyclopedia of Places & Landscapes|last1=Munro|first1=David M.|last2=Gittings|first2=Bruce|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2006|isbn=978-0-00-472466-9|location=London and New York|pages=175|language=en}}
• Construction begins on the cathedrals at Meißen and Schwerin.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4DBAgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Meissen+Cathedral&pg=PA265|title=The Rise of Heritage: Preserving the Past in France, Germany and England, 1789–1914|last=Swenson|first=Astrid|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-107-46911-2|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=265|language=en}}
• Nicola Pisano sculpts the pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CurSh3Sh_KMC&q=1260+Pisa+pulpit+Pisano&pg=PA747|title=Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages|last1=Magill|first1=Frank Northen|last2=Aves|first2=Alison|publisher=Routledge|year=1998|isbn=978-1-57958-041-4|volume=II: The Middle Ages|location=London and New York|pages=747|language=en}}

• The newly formed Sukhothai Kingdom of Thailand adopts Theravada Buddhism.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=985a1M7L1NcC&q=1260+theravada+sukhothai&pg=PA299|title=A Dictionary of Buddhism|last=Keown|first=Damien|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-19-157917-2|location=Oxford and New York|pages=299|language=en}}
• The advent of the Age of the Holy Spirit predicted by Joachim of Fiore, according to his interpretation of the Book of Revelation, chapter 6.{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VDE9DwAAQBAJ&q=1260+Joachim+of+Fiore&pg=PA243|title=A Companion to Joachim of Fiore|last=Andrews|first=Frances|publisher=BRILL|year=2017|isbn=9789004339668|editor-last=Riedl|editor-first=Matthias|series=Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=241–244|language=en|chapter=The Influence of Joachim in the 13th Century}}

• May 15 or July 25 – John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos (d. 1319){{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
• August 2 – Kyawswa of Pagan, last ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (d. 1299){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EBQEDAAAQBAJ&q=1260+Kyawswa&pg=PA18|title=Maitreya Buddha in I-Kuan Tao|last=Chen|first=Joseph J. F.|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4969-4659-1|location=Bloomington, IN|pages=18|language=en}}
• approximate date
• Enguerrand de Marigny, minister to King Philip IV of France{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Pc2n2n7HVUC&q=1260+Enguerrand+de+Marigny&pg=PA77|title=A Treatise on the Alteration of Money: Sources in Early Modern Economics, Ethics, and Law|last=Mariana|first=Juan de|publisher=Christian's Library Press|year=2011|isbn=978-1-880595-88-6|location=Grand Rapids, MI|pages=77|language=en}}
• Fatima bint al-Ahmar, Nasrid princess in the Emirate of Granada (d. 1349)
• Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (d. 1339){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9opAAAAYAAJ&q=1260+Henry+de+Cobham|title=Dictionary of National Biography|last=Stephen|first=Sir Leslie|publisher=Smith, Elder, & Company|year=1887|location=London|pages=155|language=en}}
• Matthew III Csák, Hungarian oligarch{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Bq9DgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Matthew+III+Cs%C3%A1k&pg=PA397|title=The Ideal Ruler in Medieval Bohemia|last=Antonín|first=Robert|publisher=BRILL|year=2017|isbn=9789004341128|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=397|language=en}}
• Meister Eckhart, German theologian, philosopher and mystic (d. 1328){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAYxzu8zqK8C&q=1260+Meister+Eckhart|title=Meister Eckhart: The Essential Sermons, Commentaries, Treatises, and Defense|last=Eckhart|first=Meister|publisher=Paulist Press|year=1981|isbn=978-0-8091-2370-4|series=The Classics of Western Spirituality|location=Mahwah, NJ|pages=5|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FWa85vgoTQC&q=1260+Meister+Eckhart&pg=PA287|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy|last=Aertsen|first=Jan A.|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|isbn=978-0-415-18715-2|editor-last=Craig|editor-first=Edward|location=New York and London|pages=286–288|language=en}}
• Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France (d. 1313){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUsIBgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Guillaume+de+Nogaret&pg=PA217|title=A History of Western Public Law: Between Nation and State|last=Aguilera-Barchet|first=Bruno|publisher=Springer|year=2014|isbn=978-3-319-11803-1|location=Cham, Switzerland|pages=217|language=en}}
• Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian (approximate date; d. 1330){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bENTBQAAQBAJ&q=1260+Maximus+Planudes&pg=PA124|title=Creators of Mathematical and Computational Sciences|last1=Agarwal|first1=Ravi P.|last2=Sen|first2=Syamal K.|publisher=Springer|year=2014|isbn=978-3-319-10870-4|location=Cham, Switzerland|pages=124|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZzix9xg7o8C&q=1260+Maximus+Planudes&pg=PA201|title=The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History|last=Robins|first=Robert H.|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2011|isbn=978-3-11-085722-1|series=Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 70|location=Berlin, New York|pages=201|language=en|orig-date=1993}}
• Khutulun, Mongol princess and warrior (d. 1306){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rboWBAAAQBAJ&q=1260+Khutulun&pg=PA402|title=The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World|last=Mayor|first=Adrienne|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4008-6513-0|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=402|language=en}}

• April 28 – Luchesius Modestini, founding member of the Third Order of St. Francis{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=osC5DAAAQBAJ&q=1260+Luchesio&pg=PA242|title=Blessed Among Us: Day by Day with Saintly Witnesses|last=Ellsberg|first=Robert|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8146-4745-5|location=Collegeville, MN|pages=242|language=en}}
• May – Marie of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress, wife of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (alternative date is June){{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917|url-access=registration|quote=1260 Maria of Brabant.|title=Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide|last1=Jackson|first1=Guida M.|last2=Jackson-Laufer|first2=Guida Myrl|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1999|isbn=978-1-57607-091-8|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9791576070917/page/267 267] – 268|language=en}}
• August 9 – Walter of Kirkham, Bishop of Durham{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.91919|quote=1260 Walter of Kirkham.|title=Great Britain Illustrated: A Series of Original Views|last=Moule|first=Thomas|publisher=C. Tilt|year=1830|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.91919/page/n41 11]|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AkJO3TAxMtwC&q=1260+Walter+of+Kirkham&pg=PA292|title=The History of the University of Oxford|last=Aston|first=Trevor Henry|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1984|isbn=978-0-19-951011-5|volume=I: The Early Oxford Schools|location=Oxford|pages=292|language=en}}
• October 24 – Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
• December 4 – Aymer de Valence, Bishop of Winchester (b. 1222){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0I_gDQAAQBAJ&q=1260+aymer+de+lusignan&pg=PA92|title=Baronial Reform and Revolution in England, 1258–1267|last=Jobson|first=Adrian|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=2016|isbn=978-1-84383-467-0|location=Woodbridge and Rochester, NY|pages=92|language=en}}
• date unknown
• Kitbuqa, Mongol military leader (executed){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrw8AAAAIAAJ&q=1260+Kitbuqa&pg=PA308|title=A History of the Crusades|last=Runciman|first=Steven|publisher=Cambridge University Press Archive|year=1999|isbn=978-0-521-34772-3|volume=III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades|location=Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid|pages=305–314|language=en|orig-date=1951}}
• Sicko Sjaerdema, ruler of Friesland{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
• Ibn al-Abbar, Andalusian diplomat and scholar (b. 1199)
• probable – Franciscus Accursius, Italian jurist{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=1260+Accursius&pg=PT33|title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia|last=Kleinhenz|first=Christopher|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-1-135-94880-1|location=New York and London|pages=3|language=en}}

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