1354 Botha
{{Short description|Exceptionally dark background asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1354 Botha
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discoverer = C. Jackson
| discovery_site = Johannesburg Obs.
| discovered = 3 April 1935
| mpc_name = (1354) Botha
| alt_names = 1935 GK{{·}}1925 RF
1930 KG{{·}}1931 TP
1935 JK{{·}}{{mp|1953 TO|1}}
{{mp|1953 TY|2}}
| pronounced =
| named_after = Louis Botha
{{small|(South African prime minister)}}
| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}
background
| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 85.55 yr (31,248 days)
| aphelion = 3.8022 AU
| perihelion = 2.4451 AU
| semimajor = 3.1237 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2172
| period = 5.52 yr (2,017 days)
| mean_anomaly = 255.58°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1785|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 5.9581°
| asc_node = 28.715°
| arg_peri = 250.45°
| dimensions = {{val|38.41|12.74}} km
{{val|41.732|0.504}} km
{{val|42.54|0.69}} km
{{val|46.567|0.550}} km
{{val|48.75|5.8}} km
48.82 km {{small|(derived)}}
{{val|70.34|0.88}} km
| rotation = {{val|4}} h {{small|(poor)}}
| albedo = {{val|0.014|0.003}}
{{val|0.0225|0.006}}
{{val|0.0246|0.0047}}
0.0295 {{small|(derived)}}
{{val|0.030|0.001}}
{{val|0.05|0.04}}
| spectral_type = C {{small|(assumed)}}
| abs_magnitude = 11.00{{·}}11.03{{·}}{{val|11.20|0.35}}{{·}}11.30
}}
1354 Botha, provisional designation {{mp|1935 GK}}, is an exceptionally dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 46 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 April 1935, by South-African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named after South African prime minister Louis Botha.
Orbit and classification
Botha is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,017 days; semi-major axis of 3.12 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.
The asteroid was first identified as {{mp|1925 RF}} at Heidelberg Observatory in September 1929. The body's observation arc begins at with its identification as {{mp|1931 TP}} at Simeiz Observatory in October 1931, more than three years prior to its official discovery observation at Johannesburge.
Physical characteristics
Botha is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.
= Rotation period =
In September 2003, a fragmentary rotational lightcurve of Botha was obtained from photometric observations by Swiss astronomers Stefano Sposetti and Raoul Behrend. Lightcurve analysis gave a tentative rotation period of 4 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.21 magnitude ({{small|U=1+}}). As of 2017, no secure period has been obtained.
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Botha measures between 38.41 and 70.34 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.014 and 0.05.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0295 and a diameter of 48.82 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.0.
Naming
This minor planet was named after Louis Botha (1862–1919), the first Prime Minister of South Africa of the Union of South Africa, which existed between 1910 and 1961. The official {{MoMP|1354|naming citation}} was published by the Minor Planet Center in April 1953 ({{small|M.P.C. 908}}).
References
{{reflist|30em|refs=
|type = 2017-04-30 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1354 Botha (1935 GK)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001354
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate = 15 November 2017}}
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1354) Botha
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 110
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1355 |chapter = (1354) Botha }}
|title = 1354 Botha (1935 GK)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1354
|accessdate = 15 November 2017}}
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008)
|chapter = Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs
|last = Schmadel |first=Lutz D.
|date = 2009
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 221
|isbn = 978-3-642-01964-7
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4|bibcode = 2009dmpn.book.....S
}}
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1354) Botha
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = Geneva Observatory
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001354
|accessdate = 15 November 2017}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|s2cid = 119293330 |access-date= 15 November 2017}}
|title = Asteroid 1354 Botha – Proper Elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1354
|access-date= 29 October 2019}}
|title = LCDB Data for (1354) Botha
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1354%7CBotha
|accessdate = 15 November 2017}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|s2cid = 46350317 |access-date= 15 November 2017}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923
|doi-access = free }}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access=
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1354 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
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|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|accessdate = 17 October 2019}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
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|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
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|arxiv = 1506.00762
|s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 15 November 2017}}
}}
External links
- [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
- [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
- {{AstDys|1354}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1353 Maartje |number=1354 |1355 Magoeba}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Botha}}