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1434

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{{About year|1434}}

File:Skupina bratrských vojevůdců.jpg – Battle of Lipany is fought and ends the Hussite Wars.]]

{{Year nav|1434}}

{{C15 year in topic}}Year 1434 (MCDXXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

= January–March =

  • January 9 – (Rajab 9, 837 AH) King Alfonso V of Aragon ruler of the Kingdom of Sicily as well, contracts with tapestry weaver Guillem d'Uxelles to Flanders to begin learning the Flemish methods to be duplicated in Spain, beginning the "Hispano-Flemish" style.{{cite book | last=Velasco González | first=Alberto | last2=Fité i Llevot | first2=Francesc | title=Late Gothic painting in the Crown of Aragon and the Hispanic kingdoms | publisher=Brill | publication-place=Leiden Boston | date=2018 | isbn=978-90-04-36384-7 }}
  • February 19 – In India, Mubarak Shah II, the Sultan of Delhi, is assassinated. His nephew, Muhammad Shah IV becomes the new Sultan.{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Peter |title=The Delhi Sultanate : a political and military history |date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521543293 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC}}
  • March 16 – Muscovite War of Succession: Yury of Zvenigorod defeats his nephew, Vasily II, Grand Prince of Moscow, in a battle at Rostov, about {{convert|125|mi}} from Moscow.Sergei Mikhailovich Soloviev, History of Russia from Ancient Times (in Russian), Vol. 4
  • March 31 – Yury of Zvenigorod marches into Moscow with his army and plunders Vasily II's treasury.

= April–June =

  • April 14 – The foundation stone of Nantes Cathedral in Nantes, Brittany, is laid.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQoKeohhNkMC&pg=PA772 |title=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia |first=William W. |last=Kibler |first2=Grover A. |last2=Zinn |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1995 |page=772 |isbn=9780824044442 |editor-first=Lawrence |editor-last=Earp |editor2-first=John Bell |editor2-last=Henneman, Jr.}}
  • May 30 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Lipany: The Catholics and Utraquists defeat the Taborites, ending the Hussite Wars.{{cite book|author=Hugh LeCaine Agnew|title=The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Db76shTEM60C&pg=PT91|year=2004|publisher=Hoover Press|isbn=978-0-8179-4492-6|pages=91}}
  • June 20 – Zara Yaqob becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.{{cite book|author=Carlo Zaghi|title=L'Africa nella coscienza europea e l'imperialismo italiano|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aLQMAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Guida|language=it}}
  • June 24 – Iron mine owner Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson begins the Engelbrekt rebellion in Sweden against King Erik, starting with an attack against the town of Borlänge, followed by Köpingehus, burning down offices there and then marching on towards Västerås.Lars-Olof Larsson, Kalmarunionens tid : Från Drottning Margareta till Kristian II (Rabén Prisma, 1997)

= July–September =

  • July 5– Slightly more than three months after claiming the Grand Principality of Moscow, Yury of Zvenigorod dies suddenly at the age of 59 and is succeeded by his son, Vasily Kosoy.
  • July 10– In the Kingdom of León in Spain, Suero de Quiñones first stage the and his companions stage the Passo Honroso, at the bridge across the Órbigo River near Santiago de Compostela. Any knight attempting to cross the bridge is challenged to a joust by the Quiñones knights. The challenge continues for the next 30 days.{{cite web |title=Suero de Quiñones |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/14404/suero-de-quinones |website=Diccionario Biográfico electrónico |publisher=Real Academia de la Historia |access-date=10 March 2023}}
  • July 25 – The coronation of Wladyslaw III as King of Poland takes place at the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.{{cite book |last1=Reddaway |first1=W. F. |last2=Penson |first2=J. H. |date=1950 |title=The Cambridge history of Poland from the origins to Sobieski - to 1696 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N883AAAAIAAJ |location=Cambridge |publisher=University Press |page=234 |isbn=978-1-001-28802-4 |oclc=877250752}}
  • August 9 – After fighting 166 jousts, and sustaining injuries over a month, Quiñones and his men end the Passo Honroso.
  • August 16 – King Eric of Pomerania is deposed from the Swedish throne at a meeting in Vadstena, though he still retains power in Denmark and Norway.
  • August – Portuguese explorer Gil Eanes and his crew sail around the dangerous Cape Bojador of North Africa (off of Western Sahara) and survive, becoming the first Europeans to make the voyage and ending the legends about what lies on the other side of the "Dark Sea". The achievement is a breakthrough in trade between Europe and Asia.{{cite book | last=Butel | first=Paul | title=The Atlantic | publisher=Routledge | publication-place=London New York | date=2002-03-11 | isbn=978-1-134-84305-3 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Atlantic/sLGIAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Bojador+Eanes+June+1434&pg=PA42&printsec=frontcover}}
  • September 29 – Pope Eugene IV issues the papal bull Regimini gregis, condemning the enslavement by the Kingdom of Castile of the Guanches, the indigenous people of the Canary Islands. An order to free the slaves follows three months later.Manuel Lopes de Almeida, et al., Monumenta Henricina Volume 5, (Coimbra, 1963) pp. 89-93

= October–December =

  • October 6 – Cosimo de' Medici returns to Florence, one year after being exiled by the Albizzi and Strozzi faction.{{cite book|author=Randolph Starn|title=Contrary Commonwealth: The Theme of Exile in Medieval and Renaissance Italy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj_w3HUBW8AC&pg=PA105|date=1 January 1982|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04615-3|pages=105}}
  • October 21 – The University of Catania is founded in Italy.{{cite book|title=The Universities of Italy: Fascist University Groups|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=waEbAQAAMAAJ|year=1934|publisher=Printing works of the Istituto italiano d'arti grafiche|page=187}}
  • November 12 –
  • René of Anjou becomes the new Count of Provence and Duke of Anjou, as well as a claimant to the title of King of Naples, upon the death of his brother, Louis III.
  • Bishop Nils Ragvaldsson of Sweden delivers a speech at the Council of Basel, arguing the Kingdom of Sweden and its monarch, Eric of Pomerania deserve senior rank over the Spanish delegation.{{citation|author=Werner Söderberg|contribution=Nikolaus Ragvaldis tal i Basel 1434 |url=https://runeberg.org/samlaren/1896/0195.html |year=1896 |title=Samlaren |volume=17 |pages=187}}
  • December 17 – Pope Eugene IV issues the papal bull Creator Omnium, directing the freedom of the Canary Island slaves within 15 days after the bull is received.

= Date unknown =

  • Jan van Eyck paints the Arnolfini Portrait.{{cite book|author=Edwin Hall|title=The Arnolfini Betrothal: Medieval Marriage and the Enigma of Van Eyck's Double Portrait|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txDJQWh4rRgC|date=1 January 1997|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-21221-3}}
  • In Ming Dynasty China, a long episode of drought, flood, locust infestation, and famine cripple agriculture and commerce in areas throughout the country, until 1448.

Births

Deaths

  • January – John I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1381){{cite book|title=Le Correspondant: religion, philosophie, politique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xX2AHded9wgC&pg=PA911|year=1872|publisher=V.-A. Waille|pages=911|language=fr}}
  • April 20 – Alexandra of Lithuania, Duchess of Masovia
  • May 30 – Prokop the Great, Hussite general (b. 1380)
  • June – Amda Iyasus, Emperor of Ethiopia{{cite book|author1=British Museum. Dept. of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts|author2=William Wright|title=Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired Since the Year 1847|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UmRvmDoKPcAC&pg=PR7|year=1877|publisher=British Museum|pages=7}}
  • June 1 – King Wladislaus II of Poland (age unknown){{Citation |last=Sedlar |first=Jean W. |year=1994 |title=East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA388 |location=Seattle |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-97290-9 |page=388}}
  • June 5 – Yuri IV, Russian grand prince (b. 1374)
  • November 12 – King Louis III of Anjou (b. 1403)

References

{{Reflist}}

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