1451

• January 7 – Pope Nicholas V issues a Papal Bull{{Cite web|url=https://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/papal-bull/|title = University of Glasgow :: Story :: The Papal Bull}} to establish The University of Glasgow; classes are initially held in Glasgow Cathedral.
• February 3 – Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded (on February 18) by his son, Mehmed II.
• February 14 – Louis XI of France marries Charlotte of Savoy.
• April 11 – Celje acquires market town status and town rights, by orders from Count Frederic II of Celje.
• April 19 – In the Delhi Sultanate, the Afghan Lodi Dynasty succeeds the Turkish Sayyid Dynasty.
• June 30 – French troops under Jean de Dunois invade Guyenne, and capture Bordeaux.
• August 20 – The French capture Bayonne, the last English stronghold in Guyenne.
• October – After assassinating Bogdan II of Moldavia, Petru Aron takes up the throne.
• October 28 – Revolt of Ghent: Ghent takes up arms against Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.

• The Great Peacemaker along with Jigonhsasee and Hiawatha, found the Haudenosaunee, commonly called the Iroquois Confederacy

File:Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio - Ritratto di Cristoforo Colombo (1520).jpg]]

• January 14 – Franchinus Gaffurius, Italian composer (d. 1522)
• January 29 – John, Prince of Portugal, Prince of Portugal (d. 1451)
• February 17 – Raffaello Maffei, Italian theologian (d. 1522)
• March 5 – William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, English earl (d. 1491)
• March 9 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer (d. 1512){{cite book|author1=((Chase's Editors))|author2=Contemporary Books|title=Chase's Calendar of Events 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NnUNBh6jIAC|date=September 2002|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-07-139098-9|page=169}}
• April 22 – Queen Isabella I of Castile, Castillian queen regnant and first queen of a united Spain (by marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon) (d. 1504){{cite book|author=Peggy K. Liss|title=Isabel the Queen: Life and Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZt0BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9|year=2004|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-1897-8|pages=9}}
• May 2 – René II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1508)
• May 17 – Engelbert II of Nassau, Count of Nassau-Vianden and Lord of Breda (1475–1504) (d. 1504)
• June 1 – Giles Daubeney, 1st Baron Daubeney, English soldier, diplomat, courtier and politician (d. 1508)
• July 10 – James III of Scotland (d. 1488){{cite web |title=King James III: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland |url=https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/monarchs/jamesiii.html |website=www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |access-date=29 January 2021}}
• September 5 – Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence, elder daughter of Richard Neville (d. 1476){{cite book|author=Amy Licence|title=Anne Neville: Richard III's Tragic Queen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eFWoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29|date=15 April 2013|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-1177-8|pages=29–}}
• November 29 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Württemberg (d. 1524)
• date unknown
• Christopher Columbus, Italian-born explorer (d. 1506){{cite web |title=Christopher Columbus {{!}} Biography, Voyages, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=21 January 2021 |language=en}}
• Ignatius Noah of Lebanon, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (d. 1509).{{cite book | last1 =Barsoum| first=Aphrem|date=2003|title=The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences|edition=2nd|publisher=Gorgias Press|translator=Matti Moosa|author-link=Ignatius Aphrem I|url=https://archive.org/details/EphremBarsoumMattiMoosaTheScatteredPearlsAHistoryOfSyriacLiteratureAndSciences|accessdate=14 July 2020|pages=508–509}}
• Guru Jambheshwar, Rajasthani founder of the Bishnoi Panth (d. 1536)

File:II. Murat.jpg]]

• January 7 – Antipope Felix V (b. 1383)
• January 18 – Henry II, Count of Nassau-Siegen, Co-ruler of Nassau-Siegen (1442–1451) (b. 1414){{cite book |last=Van den Berg |first=F.M. |editor-last1=Van der Klooster |editor-first1=L.J. |editor-last2=Tiethoff-Spliethoff |editor-first2=M.E. |editor-last3=Tamse |editor-first3=C.A. |editor-last4=Elzenga |editor-first4=E. |name-list-style=& |date=1992 |chapter=Een Nassau’s graf in Italië |title=Militaire entourage rondom Oranje en andere bijdragen over het Huis van Oranje. Oranje-Nassau Museum Jaarboek 1992 |language=nl |location=Zutphen |publisher=Walburg Pers |page=89 |isbn=90-6011-812-X }}
• February 3 – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1404)
• June – ‘Abdullah, Timurid Empire ruler
• July 11 – Barbara of Cilli, Holy Roman Empress, queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia (b. 1392)
• October – Bogdan II of Moldavia, assassinated by Petru Aron
• date unknown
• Stefan Lochner, German painter (b. 1400)
• John Lydgate, English monk and poet (b. 1370)
• al-Mustakfi II, Abbasid Caliph

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