14 Irene

{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Infobox planet

| minorplanet = yes

| background = #D6D6D6

| image = 14Irene (Lightcurve Inversion).png

| image_scale =

| caption = A three dimensional model of 14 Irene from light curve inversion

| name = 14 Irene

| symbol = File:Irene symbol (bold).svg (historical)

| discoverer = John Russell Hind

| discovered = May 19, 1851

| mpc_name = (14) Irene

| alt_names = A906 QC;
A913 EA;
1952 TM

| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|r|iː|n|iː}}Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language

| adjective = Irenean {{IPAc-en|aɪ|r|ᵻ|ˈ|n|iː|ə|n}} (< Irenæan)

| named_after = Irēnē

| mp_category = Main belt

| orbit_ref = {{cite web

| type=2008-04-14 last obs

| title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 14 Irene

| url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=14

| accessdate=2008-11-27}}

| epoch=July 14, 2004 (JD 2453200.5)

| semimajor = {{cvt|386.730|Gm|AU|3|lk=on}}

| perihelion = {{cvt|321.602|Gm|AU|3}}

| aphelion = {{cvt|451.858|Gm|AU|3}}

| eccentricity = 0.168

| period = {{cvt|1518.176|days|years|2}}

| inclination = 9.106°

| arg_peri = 96.473°

| asc_node = 86.493°

| mean_anomaly = 326.489°

| dimensions = {{nowrap|(167 × 153 × 139) ± 16 km}}

| mean_diameter = 152 km (Dunham)
155 ± 6 km

| mass = {{val|6.94|1.63|e=18|u=kg}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|(3.49 ± 0.82) × 10⁻¹² {{Solar mass}}}}{{cite journal

| first1=James | last1=Baer | first2=Steven | last2=Chesley | first3=Robert | last3=Matson

| title=Astrometric masses of 26 asteroids and observations on asteroid porosity

| journal=The Astronomical Journal

| volume=141 | issue=5 | date=2011

| doi=10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/143 | bibcode=2011AJ....141..143B | doi-access=free }}
{{nwr|(5.097 ± 0.772/0.941){{e|18}} kg{{Cite journal

|last=Fienga |first=A.

|last2=Avdellidou |first2=C.

|last3=Hanuš |first3=J.

|date=February 2020

|title=Asteroid masses obtained with INPOP planetary ephemerides

|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/492/1/589/5658701

|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

|volume=492

|issue=1

|doi=10.1093/mnras/stz3407

|doi-access=free}}}}

| density = {{val|3.73|1.47|u=g/cm3}}
2.614 ± 0.396/0.483 g/cm{{sup|3}}

| rotation = {{cvt|0.6275|days|hours}}{{cite web

| url=http://www.psi.edu/pds/archive/lc.html

| archive-url=https://archive.today/20060614093519/http://www.psi.edu/pds/archive/lc.html

| url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-06-14

| title=Asteroid Lightcurve Parameters

| accessdate= 2008-11-03 | publisher=Planetary Science Institute }}

| spectral_type = S

| magnitude = 8.85{{cite web

| title=AstDys (14) Irene Ephemerides

| publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy

| url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=14&oc=500&y0=2088&m0=4&d0=1&h0=0&mi0=0&y1=2088&m1=4&d1=2&h1=0&mi1=0&ti=1.0&tiu=days

| accessdate=2010-06-26 }} to 12.30

| abs_magnitude = 6.

| albedo = 0.159

| angular_size = {{val|0.17|ul=arcsecond}} to 0.052"

}}

14 Irene ({{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|r|iː|n|iː}}) is a large main-belt asteroid, discovered by the English astronomer John Russell Hind on May 19, 1851. It is orbiting the Sun at a distance of {{val|2.585|ul=AU}} with a period of {{convert|1518.176|days|years|2|disp=out}} and an eccentricity of 0.168. The orbital plane is tilted at an angle of 9.1° to the plane of the ecliptic.

14 Irene was named after Irēnē, a personification of peace in Greek mythology. She was one of the Horae, daughter of Zeus and Themis. The name was suggested by Sir John Herschel.{{cite book|last=Schmadel|first=Lutz D.|title=Dictionary of minor planet names|volume=1|edition=5th |date=2003|publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=Berlin Heidelberg New York|isbn=3-540-00238-3|pages=16}} Hind wrote,

:"You will readily discover that this name [...] has some relation to this event (the Great Industrial Exhibition) which is now filling our metropolis [London] with the talent of all civilised nations, with those of Peace, the productions of Art and Science, in which all mankind must feel an interest."

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace of Hyde Park, London, ran from May 1 until October 18, 1851.

Hind suggested that the symbol for the asteroid should be "A dove carrying an olive-branch, with a star on its head",{{cite journal | last=Hind | first=John Russell | date=1852 | title=From a Letter of Mr. Hind to the Editor | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=2 | pages=22–23 | doi=10.1086/100162 | bibcode = 1851AJ......2...22H | doi-access=free }} but it was hardly drawn before the use of graphical symbols to represent asteroids was dropped entirely.[http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php When did the asteroids become minor planets?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921162818/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |date=2007-09-21 }} It is in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1CEC7 𜻇 (12px).{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23207-historical-asteroids.pdf |title=Unicode request for historical asteroid symbols |last1=Bala |first1=Gavin Jared |last2=Miller |first2=Kirk |date=18 September 2023 |website=unicode.org |publisher=Unicode |access-date=26 September 2023 |quote=}}{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html |title=Proposed New Characters: The Pipeline |author=Unicode |date= |website=unicode.org |publisher=The Unicode Consortium |access-date=6 November 2023 |quote=}}

Observations from 2007 indicate that the rotation pole of 14 Irene lies close to the plane of the ecliptic, indicating it has an obliquity close to 90°.{{cite journal

| title=New Lightcurves of 8 Flora, 13 Egeria, 14 Irene, 25 Phocaea 40 Harmonia, 74 Galatea, and 122 Gerda

| last=Pilcher | first=Frederick

| journal=Bulletin of the Minor Planets Section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers

| volume=36 | issue=4 | pages=133–136

| date=October 2009 | bibcode=2009MPBu...36..133P }} The fairly flat Irenian lightcurves indicate somewhat spherical proportions.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} This is a stony S-type asteroid with a mean diameter of around 152 km. It is spinning with a rotation period of 15 hours.

There have been seven reported stellar occultation events by Irene. The best is a three chord event observed in 2013.{{Cite web

| url=https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/occ.html

| title=Asteroid Data Sets

| website=sbn.psi.edu | access-date=2018-05-19 }}