1506 in literature

• unknown date – Italian poet Ludovico Ariosto begins writing Orlando Furioso (earliest version published in 1516; first complete version published 1532).

{{main|1506 in poetry}}

• Publio Fausto Andrelini – Eclogues
• William Dunbar – {{sic|hide=y|The Dance of the Sevin Deidly Synnis}}{{cite book|last=Trager|first=James|title=The People's Chronology|url=https://archive.org/details/mes00jame|url-access=registration|location=New York|publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston|year=1979}}
• Stephen Hawes – The Passtyme of Pleasure
• Niccolò Machiavelli – The First Decade (Decennale primo)

• February 1 (approximate) – George Buchanan, Scottish humanist historian, scholar and poet (died 1582)
• August 12 – Franciscus Sonnius, Dutch counter-Reformation theologian (died 1576)
• October – Louis de Blois, Flemish mystical writer (died 1566)
• December 8 – Veit Dietrich, German theologian, writer and reformer (died 1549)
• Unknown dates
• Abderrahman El Majdoub, North African poet, Sufi and mystic{{cite book|last = Boum|first=Aomar|chapter = Abderrahman, El Majdoub |editor1=Akyeampong, Emmanuel K. |editor-link1=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong |editor2=Gates, Henry Louis Jr |editor-link2=Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |title=Dictionary of African Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5}}
• Michael Helding (Sidonius), Roman Catholic bishop, scholar, writer and humanist (died 1561)Paul Tschackert: [http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Helding,_Michael Helding, Michael.] In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Band 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, S. 164–166.
• probable
• Richard Grafton, English chronicler and King's Printer (died 1573)
• Hwang Jini, Korean woman kisaeng and poet (died c. 1560)

• February 16 – Jakub of Gostynin, Polish philosopher (born c.1454){{cite book|author=Jerzy Wyrozumski|title=Das 500jährige Jubiläum der Krakauer Studienzeit von Nicolaus Copernicus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JM0fAQAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Secesja|isbn=978-83-85739-01-2|language=de|page=82}}
• May 2 – Johannes von Soest, German composer, theorist and poet (born 1448)
• unknown date – Mihri Hatun, Ottoman Anatolian female poet

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{{Year in literature article categories}}