1650s in Scotland

• Monarch – Charles II (until his disposition in 1651){{cite web|title=Charles II - king of Great Britain and Ireland|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-II-king-of-Great-Britain-and-Ireland|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=3 March 2018|language=en |archive-date=8 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408204456/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-II-king-of-Great-Britain-and-Ireland |url-status=live}}
• Commonwealth of England from 1651 until the Restoration in 1660 which reinstates Charles II.

• 1650:
• 21 May – James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose executed in Edinburgh after his defeat at the Battle of Carbisdale.{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Graham-5th-earl-and-1st-marquess-of-Montrose|title=James Graham, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Montrose|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=3 July 2017 |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620074743/https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Graham-5th-earl-and-1st-marquess-of-Montrose |url-status=live}}
• 29 June – "the Lord General Cromwell went out of London towards the North: and the news of him marching Northward much startled the Scots".Thomas Carlyle quoting Bulstrode Whitelocke in "Oliver Cromwells Letters and speeches" Vol 2, J.M.Dent, 1908, page 146. Oliver Cromwell leads the New Model Army to Edinburgh.{{cite web|title=Battle of Dunbar|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Dunbar|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=3 July 2017|language=en |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304084106/https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Dunbar |url-status=live}}
• 3 September – Battle of Dunbar takes place between Cromwell's Army and the Scottish Covenanters. Cromwell's army wins and the battle results in southern Scotland surrendering to England; it is administered from Dalkeith.
• 1651:
• 1 January – Charles II crowned King of Scotland at Scone Palace.{{cite web|title=British History Timeline|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/civilwars_timeline_noflash.shtml|website=BBC History|access-date=3 July 2017 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704192453/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/civilwars_timeline_noflash.shtml |url-status=live}}
• 20 July – Battle of Inverkeithing: The English Parliamentarian New Model Army, under Major-General John Lambert, defeats a Scottish Covenanter army acting on behalf of Charles II, led by Sir John Brown of Fordell.
• 1 September – Siege of Dundee ends with the English Parliamentarian army, under General Monck, decisively defeating Covenanters in the last battle of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in Scotland.{{cite web |title=Siege and Sacking of Dundee from The Gazetteer for Scotland |url=https://www.scottish-places.info/events/eventfirst172.html |website=www.scottish-places.info |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en-gb |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203235130/https://www.scottish-places.info/events/eventfirst172.html |url-status=live}}
• 3 September – Battle of Worcester takes place after Charles II has raised an army (largely from Scotland) and invaded England. It results in his defeat by Cromwell and the king escaping abroad.
• 1652: 17 June – A large fire breaks out in Glasgow, which destroys around a third of the city and leaves approximately 1,000 families homeless.{{cite web |title=The Great Fire of Glasgow – tragic blaze which destroyed the city 368 years ago |url=https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/history/great-fire-glasgow-368-years-14795473 |website=Glasgow Live |access-date=24 July 2024 |language=en |date=22 June 2019 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516050505/https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/history/great-fire-glasgow-368-years-14795473 |url-status=live}}
• 1653: 16 December – Cromwell is made Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/civilwar/g6/key/|title=What kind of ruler was Oliver Cromwell|website=The National Archives|access-date=3 July 2017 |archive-date=30 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630095235/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/civil-war/ |url-status=live}}
• 1654:
• 12 April – Cromwell creates a union between England and Scotland, with Scottish representation in the Parliament of England.{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will}}
• 5 May – Cromwell's Act of Grace, which pardons the people of Scotland for any crimes they may have committed during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, is proclaimed in Edinburgh.
• 1658: 3 September – Cromwell dies and the title of Lord Protector passes to his son, Richard Cromwell.
• 1659:
• 25 May – Richard Cromwell forced to resign as Lord Protector.
• Heriot's Hospital opens in Edinburgh.{{cite web |title=Heriot's Hospital, Edinburgh |url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/19057/heriots-hospital-edinburgh |website=National Galleries of Scotland |access-date=11 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107164707/https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/19057/heriots-hospital-edinburgh |url-status=live}}

• 1655 – History of the Church and State of Scotland by John Spottiswoode.{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Alan|title=Glagow:The Autobiography|date=2016|publisher=Birlinn Limited|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9781780273532|page=13}}

• 1650:
• Sir James Dalrymple, 1st Baronet, writer and Principal Clerk of Session (d. 1719){{cite book|last1=Whitley|first1=Laurence A. B.|title=A Great Grievance: Ecclesiastical Lay Patronage in Scotland until 1750|date=2013|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=9781621896449|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGMNBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT278|language=en}}
• George Brown, inventor and arithmetician (d. 1730){{cite web|title=George Brown|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw143829/George-Brown|website=National Portrait Gallery|access-date=4 July 2017 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127002026/https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw143829/George-Brown |url-status=live}}
• Henry Erskine, 3rd Lord Cardross, Covenanter (d. 1693){{cite web|title=The Discovery Service|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F35484|website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk|access-date=4 July 2017 |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618081014/https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F35484 |url-status=live}}
• 1654: 23 November – George Watson, accountant (d. 1733){{cite web|url=https://www.gwc.org.uk/our-school/history-of-george-watsons-college/|title=History of George Watson's College|website=George Watson College|access-date=4 July 2017 |archive-date=18 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718033815/https://www.gwc.org.uk/about-us/heritage |url-status=live}}
• 1658: 11 April – James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, nobleman (d. 1712){{cite web|title=A Young Man in Blue, called Lord Arran (probably Lieutenant-General James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, later 4th Duke of Hamilton KT [1658-1712]) 266921 {{!}} National Trust Collections|url=http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/266921|website=www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk|access-date=4 July 2017|language=en |archive-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603195145/http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/266921 |url-status=live}}
• 1659
• 1 January – Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss, noble (d. 1705){{cite book |last1=Fraser |first1=Sir William |title=Memorials of the Family of Wemyss of Wemyss |date=1888 |page=411 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Q6lWnM29hsC&pg=PA411 |language=en}}
• 3 June – David Gregory, mathematician and astronomer (d. 1708 in England){{cite book |last1=Petkovi_ |first1=Miodrag |title=Famous Puzzles of Great Mathematicians |date=2 September 2009 |publisher=American Mathematical Soc. |isbn=978-0-8218-4814-2 |page=304 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZlwAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA304 |language=en}}
• 13 September – Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn, Scottish and Irish peer (d. 1691){{cite book |last1=Cokayne |first1=George Edward |title=Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant |date=1892 |publisher=G. Bell & sons |page=153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbIKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA153 |language=en}}

• 1650:
• 21 May – James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (b. 1612)
• 29 October – David Calderwood, divine and historian (b. 1575){{cite web|title=David Calderwood - Scottish clergyman|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Calderwood|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=4 July 2017|language=en |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128062358/https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Calderwood |url-status=live}}
• 1654: Alexander Ross, writer (b. c.1590){{cite book|last1=Delisle|first1=Jean|last2=Woodsworth|first2=Judith|title=Translators through History: Revised edition|date=2012|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing|isbn=978-9027273819|page=174|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcAtoGT8zwIC&pg=PA174|language=en}}

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{{Years in Scotland}}

Category: 1650 in Scotland