16P/Brooks

{{For|other comets discovered by William Robert Brooks|Comet Brooks (disambiguation){{!}}Comet Brooks}}

__NOTOC__

{{Infobox comet

| name=16P/Brooks

| image= Le ciel 1923 (150610345) - comet Brooks.jpg

| discovery_date=7 July 1889

| designations=1889 V; 1896 VI; 1903 V;
1911 I; 1925 IX; 1932 VIII;
1939 VII; 1946 IV; 1953 V;
1960 VI; 1974 I; 1980 IX;
1987 XXIV; 1994 XXIII

| epoch=2023-02-25

| semimajor=3.659 AU

| perihelion= 1.879 AU

| aphelion= 5.439 AU

| eccentricity=0.4864

| period=6.99 yr

| inclination=3.011°

| max_speed = 40 km/s (1886 Jupiter approach)
26 km/s (2028 perihelion)

| last_p=April 18, 2021
June 7, 2014
April 12, 2008

| next_p=2028-Apr-21

}}

16P/Brooks, also known as Brooks 2, is a periodic comet discovered by William Robert Brooks on July 7, 1889, but failed to note any motion. He was able to confirm the discovery the next morning, having seen that the comet had moved north. On August 1, 1889, the famous comet hunter Edward Emerson Barnard discovered two fragments of the comet labeled "B" and "C" located 1 and 4.5 arc minutes away. On August 2, he found another four or five, but these were no longer visible the next day. On August 4, he observed two more objects, labeled "D" and "E". "E" disappeared by the next night and "D" was gone by the next week. Around mid-month, "B" grew large and faint, finally disappearing at the beginning of September. "C" managed to survive until mid-November 1889. The apparition ended on January 13, 1891. After the discovery apparition, the comet has always been over two magnitudes fainter.

1886

The comet's breakup is believed to have been caused by the passage of the comet within Jupiter's Roche limit around 20 July 1886,{{efn|name=aphelion}} when it spent two days within the orbit of Io.{{efn|name=Io}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.9em;"

|+16P/Brooks 2 best-fit Jupiter approach around 1886-Jul-20

! Date & time of
closest approach

! Jupiter distance
(AU)

! Sun distance
(AU)

! Velocity
wrt Jupiter
(km/s)

! Velocity
wrt Sun
(km/s)

! Reference

1886-Jul-20 22:32

41.1

40.1

[https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000258%27&START_TIME=%271886-Jul-20%2022:32%27&STOP_TIME=%271886-Jul-21%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2719,20,22%27&CENTER=%27@599%27 Horizons]

The very close approach to Jupiter in 1886 resulted in the previous perihelion distance becoming the new aphelion distance.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.9em;"

|+Orbital Elements for 1865 + 1889

! Epoch

! Aphelion
(AD)

! Perihelion
(QR)

! Period

1865

14 AU{{efn|name=Aphelion1870}}

5.5 AU

31 years

1889

5.4 AU

1.95 AU

7 years

On 31 December 2016 the comet passed {{Convert|0.333|AU|e6km|abbr=unit|lk=on}} from Jupiter and on 5 July 2053 ± 3 days it will pass about {{Convert|0.26|AU|e6km|abbr=unit}} from Jupiter.

Notes

{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=aphelion|Jupiter came to aphelion (farthest distance from the Sun) one month later on 1886-Aug-21 at 5.4568 AU.}}

{{efn|name=Io|Io orbits {{Convert|0.0028|AU|e3km|abbr=unit|lk=on}} from Jupiter.}}

{{efn|name=Aphelion1870|16P/Brooks came to aphelion (farthest distance from the Sun) around 1870 at ≈14.3 AU.}}

}}

References

{{Reflist

| refs =

{{cite web

|date=2011-11-01

|title=16P/Brooks 2 (NK 2146)

|publisher=OAA Computing and Minor Planet Sections

|author=Syuichi Nakano

|author-link=Syuichi Nakano

|url=http://www.oaa.gr.jp/~oaacs/nk/nk2146.htm

|access-date=2012-02-18}}

{{cite web

|title=16P/Brooks past, present and future orbital elements

|url=http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/pcmtn/0016p.htm

|work=Comet Orbit

|first=Kazuo |last=Kinoshita

|date=2016-08-01

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710232800/http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/pcmtn/0016p.htm

|archive-date=2011-07-10

|url-status=live

|access-date=2023-07-19}}

{{cite web

|quote=2022-01-29 last obs

|title=JPL Small-Body Database Lookup: 16P/Brooks 2

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=16P&view=OPC

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212054355/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=16P;cad=1%23cad

|archive-date=2012-12-12

|url-status=live

|access-date=2023-07-19}}

{{cite web

|title=16P/Brooks Orbit

|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=16P

|publisher=Minor Planet Center

|access-date=2014-06-16}}

{{cite web

|title=Horizons Batch for 16P/Brooks 2 (90000258) on 1886-Jul-20

|publisher=JPL Horizons

|type=1889–1904 dataset

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%2790000258%27&START_TIME=%271886-07-20%2022:30%27&STOP_TIME=%271886-07-20%2022:40%27&STEP_SIZE=%27300%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27&CENTER=%27@599%27

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720142107/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%2790000258%27&START_TIME=%271886-07-20%2022:30%27&STOP_TIME=%271886-07-20%2022:40%27&STEP_SIZE=%27300%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27&CENTER=%27@599%27

|archive-date=2023-07-20

|url-status=live

|accessdate=2023-07-19}}

{{cite web

|title=Osculating Orbital Elements for 16P/Brooks (90000258)

|author=Horizons output

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000258%27&TABLE_TYPE=%27ELEMENTS%27&START_TIME=%271865-01-01%27&STOP_TIME=%271889-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%2724%20years%27&CENTER=%27@Sun%27&OUT_UNITS=%27AU-D%27

|accessdate=2023-07-20}}

{{cite web

|title=Horizons Batch for 16P/Brooks 2 (90000273) on 2028-Apr-21

|publisher=JPL Horizons

|type=Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000273%27&START_TIME=%272028-Apr-15%27&STOP_TIME=%272028-Apr-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719,22%27

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615104804/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000273%27&START_TIME=%272028-Apr-15%27&STOP_TIME=%272028-Apr-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%273%20hours%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27

|archive-date=2022-06-15

|url-status=live

|accessdate=2022-06-15}} (JPL#K212/6 Soln.date: 2022-Feb-04)

}}

External links

{{JPL Small Body|id=1000008}}
[http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0016P/index.html 16P/Brooks 2] – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
[http://www.cometography.com/pcomets/016p.html 16P at Kronk's Cometography]

Category:Periodic comets