1700 in science

The year 1700 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Exploration

September 6 – Edmond Halley returns to England after a voyage of almost one year on HMS Paramour, from which he has observed the Antarctic Convergence,{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Gurney|title=Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica, 1699-1839|publisher=Norton|location=New York|year=1997|isbn=0-393-03949-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/belowconvergence0000gurn}} and publishes his findings on terrestrial magnetism in General Chart of the Variation of the Compass.

January 26 – At approximately 9 p.m., the Cascadia earthquake occurs in the Pacific Northwest with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. This megathrust earthquake ruptures about {{convert|1000|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=off}} of the Cascadia Subduction Zone and causes a tsunami that strikes the coast of Japan approximately 10 hours later.

Nicolas Andry publishes De la génération des vers dans les corps de l'homme, a pioneering text in the germ theory of disease.{{cite book|last=Gee|first=Henry|authorlink=Henry Gee|title=Jacob's Ladder: the History of the Human Genome|url=https://archive.org/details/jacobsladderhist0000geeh|url-access=registration|publisher=W. W. Norton|location=New York|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jacobsladderhist0000geeh/page/35 35–36]|isbn=978-0-393-05083-7}}
Bernardino Ramazzini publishes De Morbis Artificum Diatriba in Modena, a pioneering text in occupational medicine.

approx. date – The clarinet might have been invented by the German flute maker Joseph Mamadski as a modification of the chalumeau, but it will not be until the late 18th century that composers include clarinets into their orchestrations.{{cite web |url=http://www.tcnj.edu/~mckinney/a_short_history.htm |title=A Short History|work=Clarinet Compendium|last=McKinney|first=Roger W| accessdate= 4 January 2008 }}
The piano, newly invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori, is listed in an inventory of musical instruments owned by the Medici.

July 11 – The Prussian Academy of Sciences is founded with Leibniz as president.{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Societies/Berlin.html|title=Berlin Academy of Science|last1=O'Connor|first1=John J.|first2=Edmund F.|last2=Robertson |work=MacTutor History of Mathematics| accessdate= 4 January 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080112034735/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Societies/Berlin.html| archivedate= 12 January 2008 |date=August 2004}}

February 8 – Daniel Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (died 1782)
May 7 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born physician (died 1772)
November 19 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French clergyman and physicist (died 1770)
November 28 – Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer (died 1764)
Undated
William Braikenridge, Scottish clergyman and geometer (died 1762){{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Braikenridge.html|title=William Braikenridge|last1=O'Connor|first1=John J.|first2=Edmund F.|last2=Robertson|work=MacTutor History of Mathematics|accessdate=2008-01-04|date=November 1999|archive-date=2019-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827014808/http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Braikenridge.html|url-status=dead}}
George Martine, Scottish physician and scientist (died 1741){{cite ODNB|first=Anita|last=McConnell|title=Martine, George (1700–1741)|year=2004|edition=Online|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18227|accessdate=2014-11-02|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/18227}}

May 22 – Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (born 1645)
June 1 – Willem ten Rhijne, Dutch doctor and botanist (born 1647){{Cite web |title=The Galileo Project |url=http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/tenrhyne.html |access-date=2022-01-01 |website=galileo.rice.edu}}
August 8 – Joseph Moxon, English mathematician (born 1627)
Undated – Kamalakara, Indian astronomer and mathematician (born 1616)