1792–93 United States Senate elections#Maryland (special)
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1792–93 United States Senate elections
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1777
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1790–91 United States Senate elections
| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1790 & 1791}}
| next_election = 1794–95 United States Senate elections
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1794 & 1795}}
| next_seat_election = 1798–99 United States Senate elections
| next_seat_year = {{Nowrap|1798 & 1799}}
| seats_for_election = 10 of the 30 seats in the United States Senate
(as well as special elections)
| majority_seats = 16
| election_date = Dates vary by state
| image_size = x180px
| 1blank = Seats up
| 2blank = Races won
| party1 = Pro-Administration Party (US)
| last_election1 = 16 seats
| seats_before1 = 17
| seats_after1 = 18
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 1
| 1data1 = 4
| 2data1 = 5
| party2 = Anti-Administration Party (US)
| last_election2 = 9
| seats_before2 = 10
| seats_after2 = 11
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1
| 1data2 = 6
| 2data2 = 5
| title = Majority Faction
| before_election =
| before_party = Pro-Administration Party
| after_election =
| after_party = Pro-Administration Party
| map_image = File:1792senatemap.svg
| map_caption = Results:
{{Legend0|#bff3bf|Pro-Administration hold}} {{legend0|#008100|Pro-Administration gain}}
{{Legend0|#c9f38c|Anti-Administration hold}} {{legend0|#92e811|Anti-Administration gain}}
}}
The 1792–93 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1792 and 1793, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}} In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in Class 2.
Formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of Senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the Senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party.
Results summary
Senate party division, 3rd Congress (1793–1795)
- Majority party: Pro-Administration Party (16)
- Minority party: Anti-Administration Party (13)
- Other parties: 0
- Total seats: 30
- Vacant: 1 (later filled by Pro-Administration)
Change in composition
Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.{{cite book |title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress |last = Martis |first = Kenneth C.}}
Virginia's elections are considered a single race here.
= Before the elections =
After the June 1792 admission of Kentucky.
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
{{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|5}}
| {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|4}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|3}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|2}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|1}} |
width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|6}}
| width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|7}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|8}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|9}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|10}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|11}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|12}} | width=10% {{party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|1}} | width=10% {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|15}} | rowspan=2 width=10% {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|17}} |
colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | Majority → |
{{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|6}}
| {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|7}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|8}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|9}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|10}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|11}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|12}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|16}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|13}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|14}} |
{{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|5}}
| {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|4}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|3}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|2}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|1}} |
= Results of the election =
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
{{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{sub|5}}
| {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{sub|4}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{sub|3}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{sub|2}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{sub|1}} |
width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{sub|6}}
| width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{sub|7}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{sub|8}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{sub|9}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{sub|10}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{sub|11}} | width=10% {{party shading/Vacant}} | V{{sub|1}} | width=10% {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{sub|18}} | width=10% {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{sub|16}} | rowspan=2 width=10% {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{sub|17}} |
colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | Majority → |
{{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|6}}
| {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|7}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|8}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|9}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|10}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|11}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|12}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{sub|15}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{Sub|13}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration/active}} | P{{sub|14}} |
{{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|5}}
| {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|4}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|3}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|2}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{sub|1}} |
= Beginning of the [[3rd United States Congress|next Congress]] =
Two Pro-Administration senators (Benjamin Hawkins of North Carolina and John Langdon of New Hampshire) changed to Anti-Administration.
The vacant seat in Pennsylvania was filled February 28, 1793 by an Anti-Administration senator.
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
{{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|5}}
| {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|4}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|3}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|2}} | {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|1}} |
width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|6}}
| width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|7}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|8}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|9}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|10}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|11}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|12}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|13}} | width=10% {{party shading/Anti-Administration/active}} | A{{Sub|14}} | rowspan=2 width=10% {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|16}} |
colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | Majority → |
{{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|6}}
| {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|7}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|8}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|9}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|10}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|11}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|12}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|13}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|14}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|15}} |
{{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|5}}
| {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|4}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|3}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|2}} | {{party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|1}} |
valign=top
! Key: | {| class=wikitable | align=center {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | A{{Sub|#}} |
align=center {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | P{{Sub|#}} |
align=center {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|#}}
| Vacant |
|}
Race summaries
= Elections during the 2nd Congress =
In these elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1793; ordered by election date.
class=wikitable |
valign=bottom
! rowspan=2 | State ! colspan=3 | Incumbent ! rowspan=2 | Results ! rowspan=2 | Candidates |
Senator
! Party ! First elected |
---|
Kentucky (Class 2) | colspan=3 | None (new state) | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Kentucky (Class 3) | colspan=3 | None (new state) | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Virginia (Class 2) | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | 1788 | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned October 8, 1792. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Maryland (Class 1) | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | 1788 | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned November 30, 1792. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Pennsylvania (Class 1) | colspan=3 | Vacant | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Legislature failed to elect in 1791–1792, leaving the seat vacant. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
= Races leading to the 3rd Congress =
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1793; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
class=wikitable |
valign=bottom
! rowspan=2 | State ! colspan=3 | Incumbent ! rowspan=2 | Results ! rowspan=2 | Candidates |
Senator
! Party ! First elected |
---|
Delaware
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | 1788 | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Georgia
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | 1789 | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
|
Kentucky
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | 1792 United States Senate elections in Kentucky | Incumbent re-elected December 11, 1792. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Massachusetts
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected in 1793. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
New Hampshire
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | 1788 | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Incumbent lost re-election in 1792. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
New Jersey
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | 1790 United States Senate special election in New Jersey | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
North Carolina
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | 1789 | {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Incumbent lost re-election. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Rhode Island
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | 1790 | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
South Carolina
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected December 5, 1792. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Virginia
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-Administration | 1792 United States Senate special election in Virginia | Incumbent re-elected in 1793. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
= Election in 1793 during the 3rd Congress =
In this special election, the winner was seated after March 4, 1793, the beginning of the next Congress.
class=wikitable |
valign=bottom
! rowspan=2 | State ! colspan=3 | Incumbent ! rowspan=2 | Results ! rowspan=2 | Candidates |
Senator
! Party ! First elected |
---|
Connecticut (Class 3) | {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-Administration | 1791 United States Senate special election in Connecticut | {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent died July 23, 1793. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|
}} |
Connecticut (special)
{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}}
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
Delaware
{{See also|List of United States senators from Delaware}}
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
Georgia
{{See also|List of United States senators from Georgia}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1792/1793 United States Senate election in Georgia
| after_election = James Jackson
| next_year = 1796 (special)
| previous_election = 1788–89 United States Senate elections
| previous_year = 1789
| colour2 = D0F0C0
| colour1 = D0F0C0
| party2 = Anti-Federalist
| party1 = Anti-Federalist
| posttitle = Elected U.S. senator
| title = U.S. senator
| after_party = Anti-Administration
| before_party = Anti-Administration
| before_election = William Few
| type = legislative
| percentage2 = 12.2%
| percentage1 = 85.4%
| popular_vote2 = 5
| popular_vote1 = 35
| vote_type = Legislative
| image_size = x200px
| image2 = William Few MET DP169110.jpg
| image1 = JamesJackson.jpg
| candidate2 = William Few
| candidate1 = James Jackson
| country = Georgia (U.S. state)
| election_date = 1792/1793
| ongoing = no
| next_election = 1796–97 United States Senate elections
}}
One-term Anti-Federalist William Few was defeated by fellow Anti-Federalist, James Jackson. Jackson won 24 votes in the Georgia House of Representatives and 11 in the State Senate for a combined total of 35. Few won 3 in the House and 2 in the Senate for a combined total of 5. Jackson took office as a member of the 3rd United States Congress on March 4, 1793. He would later resign in 1795 to run for his state's legislature.
class="wikitable"
|+United States Senate election in Georgia, 1792/93{{Cite web|title=A New Nation Votes|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/ww72bc66s|access-date=2021-03-10|website=elections.lib.tufts.edu}} !Party !Candidate !Votes in the House !Votes in the Senate !Total !% |
Anti-Federalist
|24 |11 |35 |85.4% |
Anti-Federalist
|William Few (incumbent) |3 |2 |5 |12.2% |
Anti-Federalist
|1 | - |1 |2.4% |
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
{{Clear}}
Kentucky
{{See also|List of United States senators from Kentucky}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1792 United States Senate election in Kentucky
| before_party = Anti-Administration
| title = U.S. senator
| next_year = 1798
| next_election = 1798–99 United States Senate elections
| previous_election = 1792–93 United States Senate elections
| previous_year = 1792 (special)
| vote_type = Legislative
| after_party = Anti-Administration
| after_election = John Brown
| before_election = John Brown
| type = legislative
| percentage1 = 100%
| popular_vote1 = Unanimous (exact total unknown)
| colour1 = D0F0C0
| party1 = Anti-Federalist
| candidate1 = John Brown
| image1 = Senator John Brown Kentucky.jpg
| country = Kentucky
| election_date = December 11, 1792
| ongoing = no
| posttitle = Elected U.S. Senator
}}
Incumbent John Brown, who had previously been elected in a special election was easily reelected with no opposition and 100% of votes from the legislators.{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
{{Clear}}
Maryland (special)
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}}
{{Expand section|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1793 United States Senate special election in Maryland
| popular_vote1 = 53
| colour1 = F6D6C9
| percentage1 = 60.92%
| party1 = Federalist Party
| candidate1 = Richard Potts
| image1 = Richard Potts, mem. Con. Congress (NYPL b12349185-420087) (cropped).jpg
| popular_vote2 = 34
| colour2 = F6D6C9
| percentage2 = 39.08%
| party2 = Federalist Party
| candidate2 = Josh Hoskins Stone
| image2 =
| next_year = 1796
| next_election = 1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland
| previous_year = 1790
| previous_election = 1790 United States Senate election in Maryland
| votes_for_election = 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
| vote_type = Legislative
| election_date = December 6, 1792
| ongoing = no
| type = presidential
}}
Richard Potts won election to fill the seat vacated by Charles Carroll over Josh Hoskins Stone by a margin of 21.84%, or 19 votes, for the Class 1 seat.{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122399|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 06, 1792|access-date=2022-11-04|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}
{{Clear}}
Massachusetts
{{See also|List of United States senators from Massachusetts}}
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
New Hampshire
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Hampshire}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1792 United States Senate election in New Hampshire
| party3 = Independent (politician)
| posttitle = Elected U.S. Senator
| after_party = Federalist Party
| after_election = Samuel Livermore
| title = U.S. senator
| before_party = Anti-Administration
| before_election = Paine Wingate
| percentage3 = 9%
| percentage2 = 31.5%
| percentage1 = 58.4%
| popular_vote3 = 8
| popular_vote2 = 28
| vote_type = Legislative
| popular_vote1 = 52
| party2 = Anti-Federalist
| type = legislative
| party1 = Federalist
| candidate3 = Nathaniel Peabody
| candidate2 = Paine Wingate
| candidate1 = Samuel Livermore
| image_size = x160px
| image3 = Nathaniel Peabody.jpg
| image2 = Paine wingate.jpg
| image1 = Samuel Livermore.jpg
| next_election = 1798–99 United States Senate elections
| next_year = 1798
| previous_election = 1788–89 United States Senate elections
| previous_year = 1788
| country = New Hampshire
| election_date = 1792
| ongoing = no
| colour2 = D0F0C0
}}
Incumbent U.S. Senator Paine Wingate was not reelected. The New Hampshire General Court instead elected Federalist Samuel Livermore, a U.S. Representative, to the seat. Livermore, like his fellow senator, John Langdon, would go on to serve as President Pro-Tempore during this term.{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
{{Clear}}
New Jersey
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Jersey}}
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
North Carolina
{{See also|List of United States senators from North Carolina}}
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
Pro-Administration Samuel Johnston lost re-election to Anti-Administration Alexander Martin for the class 2 seat. The other senator, Benjamin Hawkins, switched his support from Pro- to Anti-Administration.
Pennsylvania (special)
{{Main|1793 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Pennsylvania}}
There was a special election on February 28, 1793, for the Class 1 seat from Pennsylvania. Incumbent William Maclay's term had ended on March 3, 1791, but the legislature failed to elect a successor due to a disagreement on the procedure to be followed in the election.
The seat remained vacant until Albert Gallatin was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the seat during this election.{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 28 February 1793|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1793.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|access-date=December 21, 2012}}
Upon agreement between the two houses of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the House of Representatives and the Senate, regarding the procedure to elect a new Senator, an election was finally held on February 28, 1793. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
{{Election box begin no change| title=State Legislature Results
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Anti-Administration Party (US)
| candidate = Albert Gallatin
| votes = 45
| percentage = 51.72%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Pro-Administration Party (US)
| candidate = Henry Miller
| votes = 35
| percentage = 40.23%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Pro-Administration Party (US)
| candidate = Arthur St. Clair
| votes = 1
| percentage = 1.15%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Pro-Administration Party (US)
| candidate = William Irvine
| votes = 1
| percentage = 1.15%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate no change
| party = N/A
| candidate = Not voting
| votes = 5
| percentage = 5.75%
| change =
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 87
| percentage = 100%
}}
{{Election box end}}
On February 28, 1794, the Senate determined that Gallatin did not satisfy the citizenship requirement for service and he was removed from office. He later went on to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. Gallatin was replaced in the Senate by a special election in 1794.{{cite web|title=GALLATIN, Albert, (1761 - 1849)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000020|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date=December 21, 2012}}
Rhode Island
{{See also|List of United States senators from Rhode Island}}
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
South Carolina
{{See also|List of United States senators from South Carolina}}
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
Virginia
{{See also|List of United States senators from Virginia|1793 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia}}
Anti-Administration senator Richard Henry Lee resigned October 8, 1792, just before the March 3, 1793 end of term. Anti-administration John Taylor of Caroline was elected October 18, 1792 to finish Lee's term and then re-elected in 1793 to the next term.
= Special =
{{Election box begin no party no change
| title= Virginia special election{{Cite web |title=Virginia 1792 U.S. Senate, Special |url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.special.1792 |access-date=January 24, 2018 |series=A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 |publisher=Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives}} (referencing Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 14. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1983. 392.)
}}
{{Election box winning candidate no party no change
| candidate = John Taylor of Caroline
| votes = 90
| percentage = 55.6
}}
{{Election box candidate no party no change
| candidate = Arthur Lee
| votes = 39
| percentage = 24.1
}}
{{Election box candidate no party no change
| candidate = Francis Corbin
| votes = 33
| percentage = 20.4
}}
{{End}}
= Regular =
{{Expand section|date=August 2019}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}