1826 in science

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The year 1826 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

Chemistry

  • Otto Unverdorben first isolates aniline, by destructive distillation of indigo;{{cite journal|title=Ueber das Verhalten der organischen Körper in höheren Temperaturen|trans-title=On the behaviour of organic substances at high temperatures|first=Otto|last=Unverdorben|journal=Annalen der Physik und Chemie|volume=8|pages=397–410|year=1826|url=https://zenodo.org/records/1423512/files/article.pdf|doi=10.1002/andp.18260841109|bibcode=1826AnP....84..397U|issue=11}} he calls it Crystallin.
  • Antoine Jerome Balard isolates bromine.
  • Pierre Jean Robiquet isolates the dye alizarin.Robiquet, Pierre-Jean; Colin, Jean-Jacques (1826). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=uLk3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA407 Sur un nouveau principe immédiat des vègétaux (l’alizarin) obtenu de la garance]" [On a new substance from plants (alizarin) obtained from madder]. Journal de pharmacie et des sciences accessoires 2nd series, 12:407–412; Colin, Jean-Jacques; Robiquet, Pierre-Jean (1827). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=JZU5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA225 Nouvelles recherches sur la matierè colorante de la garance]" [New research into the coloring material of madder]. Annales de chimie et de physique 2nd series, 34:225–253.
  • Michael Faraday determines the chemical formula of naphthalene.

Exploration

Mathematics

Physiology and medicine

Technology

  • January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales.{{cite book|first=L. T. C.|last=Rolt|authorlink=L. T. C. Rolt|title=Thomas Telford|url=https://archive.org/details/thomastelford00rolt|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Longmans, Green|year=1958}}
  • April 1 – American inventor Samuel Morey patents a compressionless internal combustion engine in the United States.{{US patent|X4378|X4,378 Gas Or Vapor Engine}}{{cite book|title=Samuel Morey and his atmospheric engine|first=Horst O.|last=Hardenberg|location=Warrendale, Pa.|publisher=Society of Automotive Engineers|year=1992|series=SP-922|isbn=1-56091-240-5}}{{cite web|last=Maurer |first=Leon |title=The Unsolved Mystery of Samuel Morey |url=https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/lnmaurer/web/SamuelMorey.htm |accessdate=2013-11-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103021201/https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/lnmaurer/web/SamuelMorey.htm |archivedate=2013-11-03 }}
  • June – Nicéphore Niépce produces the first photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras.{{cite web|url=http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/|title=The First Photograph|publisher=Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin|accessdate=2013-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227215421/http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/|archive-date=2009-12-27|url-status=dead}}
  • Benoit Fourneyron develops an efficient outward-flow water turbine.
  • James Sharp of Northampton in England patents a practical form of gas stove.

Zoology

  • Karl Ernst von Baer discovers the mammalian ovum.Reported as "Ovi Mammalium et Hominis genesi" to the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg in 1827 (published at Leipzig).{{cite journal|first=Alexander|last=Petrunkevitch|title=Russia's Contribution to Science|journal=Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences|volume=23|year=1920|page=236}}{{cite web|url=http://www.allpersona.ru/people/72032.html|title=Биография Бэр Карл Максимович|work=AllPersona.Ru|accessdate=2011-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319143038/http://www.allpersona.ru/people/72032.html|archivedate=2008-03-19}}
  • The Austrian zoologist Johann Nepomuk Meyer first describes the Asiatic lion under the name Felis leo persicus.Meyer, J. N. (1826). Dissertatio inauguralis anatomico-medica de genere felium. Doctoral thesis, University of Vienna.
  • The Zoological Society of London is founded by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles.

Awards

  • Copley Medal: James South{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en}}

Births

Deaths

References