1830 in science

The year 1830 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

March 16 – Great Comet of 1830 (C/1830 F1, 1830 I) first observed in Mauritius.
Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer produce the first map of the surface of Mars.

October 14 – {{HMS|Beagle}} returns to England from her first voyage, a hydrographic survey of the Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego regions of South America.
Southern Ocean Expedition – John Biscoe sets out from England on an expedition to find new seal-hunting grounds in the Southern Ocean.{{cite web|url=http://www.antarcticaonline.com/antarctica/history/history.htm |title=Antarctic History, antarcticaonline.com |access-date=2007-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810023151/http://www.antarcticaonline.com/antarctica/history/history.htm |archive-date=10 August 2007 |url-status=dead }}

Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation.

Thomas Southwood Smith publishes the standard textbook A Treatise on Fever in London.
Approximate date – The chain osteotome, a form of chainsaw, is invented by German orthopaedist Bernhard Heine.{{cite journal|last=Heine|first=Bernhard|editor-last=Wakley|editor-first=Thomas|editor-link=Thomas Wakley|title=New Instrument Called the Osteotome Designed for the Ablation of Bones|date=1834-09-27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pj9PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA129|journal=The Lancet|location=London|volume=1|pages=127–133}}{{cite journal|first1=Dorothy M.|last1=Schullian|last2=Seufert|first2=Wolf D.|year=1980|title=The Chain Osteotome by Heine|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences|volume=XXXV|issue=4|pages=454–459|doi=10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454 |pmid=7005321 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454}}{{cite book|last=Peltier|first=Leonard F.|title=Orthopedics: History and Iconography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYXel4RXuU8C&pg=PA37|accessdate=2012-12-02|year=1993|publisher=Norman Publishing|isbn=9780930405472|pages=37–}}{{cite book|last=Tillmanns|first=Hermann|title=The principles of surgery and surgical pathology: general rules governing operations and the application of dressings|url=https://archive.org/details/principlessurge00tillgoog|accessdate=2012-12-02|year=1895|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/principlessurge00tillgoog/page/n98 84]–}}

July 13 – John Ruggles is granted United States patent [https://patents.google.com/patent/US1 No. 1], for applying rack railway equipment to the "Locomotive steam-engine for rail and other roads".
August 31 – Edwin Budding is granted a United Kingdom patent for the lawnmower.
Aeneas Coffey is granted a United Kingdom patent for an improved column still.
Eaton Hodgkinson publishes his pioneering paper on the optimum cross section for cast iron structural beams."Theoretical and Experimental Researches to Ascertain the strength and best forms of Iron beams". Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 2nd ser. 5:407-544.
Stephen H. Long designs the Long truss wooden bridge.

Geographical Society of London established.{{cite web|url=http://www.rgs.org/aboutus/history.htm|title=History of the Society|publisher=Royal Geographical Society|access-date=2023-02-25}}

Charles Babbage publishes [https://books.google.com/books?id=3bgPAAAAMAAJ&q=charles+babbage Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes].
Auguste Comte begins publication of his Course of Positive Philosophy (Cours de Philosophie Positive).

Copley Medal: not awarded{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en}}