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1841 Naval Air Squadron

{{Short description|Defunct Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm and Reserve Air Squadron}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}

{{Use British English|date=May 2017}}

{{Infobox military unit

| unit_name = 1841 Naval Air Squadron

| image = File:1841 Naval Air Squadron Badge.gif

| image_size = 200px

| caption = Squadron badge

| dates = 1 March 1944 -31 October 1945
18 August 1952 - 10 March 1957{{sfn|Sturtivant|Ballance|1994|p=353}}

| country = {{UK}}

| allegiance =

| branch = {{Navy|UK}}

| type = * Single-seat fighter squadron

| role = * Carrier-based fighter squadron

  • Anti-submarine squadron

| size = Eighteen aircraft (1944-45)

| command_structure = Fleet Air Arm

| garrison = See Naval air stations section for full list.

| garrison_label = Home station

| nickname =

| patron =

| motto = {{Language with name/for|la|Aquila moras nescit|The eagle knows no obstacles|break=yes}}{{cite web|title=A History of 1841 Naval Air Squadron |url= https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/SQUADRONS/1841_Squadron.htm |work=Royal Naval Air Squadrons 1938 to present day | access-date=5 November 2023}}

| colors =

| colors_label =

| march =

| mascot =

| anniversaries =

| equipment =

| equipment_label =

| battles = World War II

| battles_label =

| decorations =

| battle_honours = * Norway 1944

  • Okinawa 1945
  • Japan 1945

| battle_honours_label =

| flying_hours =

| website =

| notable_commanders =

| identification_symbol = Blue, over a base barry wavy of four white and blue an eagle volant gold armed red holding in its talons a dolphin green (1953)

| identification_symbol_label = Squadron Badge Description

| identification_symbol_2 = {{unbulleted list|7A+ (Corsair)|111-128 (Corsair March 1945)|309-311 (Avenger)|869-874 (Avenger January 1956)}}

| identification_symbol_2_label = Identification Markings

| identification_symbol_3 = {{unbulleted list|X (Corsair March 1945)|ST (Avenger)}}

| identification_symbol_3_label = Fin Carrier/Shore Code

| aircraft_attack = Grumman Avenger

| aircraft_bomber =

| aircraft_electronic =

| aircraft_fighter = Vought Corsair

| aircraft_interceptor =

| aircraft_patrol =

| aircraft_recon = Fairey Firefly

| aircraft_trainer = {{unbulleted list|North American Harvard|Avro Anson}}

| aircraft_transport = Percival Sea Prince

| aircraft_tanker =

| aircraft_general =

}}

1841 Naval Air Squadron (1841 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN) between 1944 and 1945 and then a Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Air Squadron from 1952 to 1957. Established as a fighter squadron at RN Air Section Brunswick in January 1944. The squadron arrived in the UK in June, with a small group stationed at RN Air Section Speke while the rest were at RNAS Ayr. They regrouped on the aircraft carrier HMS Formidable, with HMS Sparrowhawk RNAS Hatston, serving as the main shore base. In July and August, the squadron provided fighter support for attacks on the German battleship Tirpitz. In September, it joined the 6th Naval Fighter Wing and traveled with the carrier to the Far East, landing at HMS Rajaliya, RNAS Puttalam, Ceylon, in February 1945. The squadron, engaged in combat over the Sakishima Gunto in April and May, before joining the 2nd Carrier Air Group in June. Near the war's end, they fought around Tokyo, where Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray, DSC, RCNVR, was killed while attacking a Japanese destroyer under heavy fire. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery. After V-J Day, the squadron lost its aircraft and its members returned to the United Kingdom on the aircraft carrier HMS Victorious, disbanding upon arrival in October 1945.

History

= Single-seat fighter squadron (1944-1945) =

1841 Naval Air Squadron was officially established in the United States at the US Naval Air Station Brunswick, Maine, on 1 March 1944. It was organised as a single-seat fighter squadron{{Cite web |title=Brunswick |url=https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/FAA-Bases/Brunswick.htm |work=Royal Navy Research Archive - Fleet Air Arm Bases 1939 - present day |access-date=18 February 2025}} and was commanded by Lieutenant Commander(A) R.L. Bigg-Wither, DSC and Bar, RN.{{sfn|Wragg|2019|p=196}} The aircraft it initially operated comprised a combination of eighteen Vought Corsair carrier-based fighter aircraft, containing the Vought Chance built F4U-1 and F4U-1A, known as the Mk I and II respectively in the Fleet Air Arm and the Brewster built F3A-1 and F3A-1D, known as the Mk III in Fleet Air Arm service, but later the squadron standardised on the Mk II.{{sfn|Ballance|Howard|Sturtivant|2016|p=292}}{{sfn|Thetford|1991|pp=80-81}}

Following familiarisation, the flying training comprised navigation drills, low-level flying, formation flying, and air combat manoeuvring, along with Aerodrome Dummy Deck Landing (ADDL) training. Two additional disciplines that needed to be practiced and perfected were night-time flying and landing on a carrier deck and the squadron travelled to the escort carriers {{USS|Charger}} and {{USS|Kasaan Bay}}, in Chesapeake Bay, for the purpose of conducting Deck Landing Training.{{Cite web |title=A history of 1841 Naval Air Squadron |url=https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/SQUADRONS/1841_Squadron.htm |work=Royal Navy Research Archive - Royal Naval Air Squadrons 1938 - present day |access-date=18 February 2025}}

File:The Royal Navy during the Second World War A24437.jpg

Upon concluding operations at RN Air Section Brunswick, the squadron proceeded to RN Air Section Norfolk, at USNAS Norfolk, on 2 June.{{Cite web |title=Norfolk |url=https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/FAA-Bases/Norfolk.htm |work=Royal Navy Research Archive - Fleet Air Arm Bases 1939 - present day |access-date=18 February 2025}} On the morning of 4 June the escort carrier {{HMS|Smiter|D55|6}}, embarked the eighteen Vought Corsair and personnel of 1841 Naval Air Squadron, for ferrying to the UK and she sailed for New York Harbor later that day. The carrier departed New York on 8 June 1944 for Liverpool, England. On reaching the city, 1841 Naval Air Squadron was disembarked, earmarked for RNAS Ayr (HMS Wagtail), Scotland.{{cite web |title=A history of HMS Smiter |url=https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/ESCORT/SMITER.htm |publisher=Royal Navy Research Archive |access-date=18 February 2025}}

The squadron flew out to join the {{sclass|Illustrious|aircraft carrier}} {{HMS|Formidable|67||6}}, on 26 June, which shortly afterwards sailed from the Clyde, arriving at Scapa Flow, in the Orkney Islands to prepare for operations with the Home Fleet. 1841 Naval Air Squadron then disembarked to RNAS Hatston (HMS Sparrowhawk), Mainland, Orkney.{{sfn|Ballance|Howard|Sturtivant|2016|p=292}} In July and August of 1944, the squadron participated in providing fighter escort for Operations Mascot and Goodwood respectively, targeting the German battleship Tirpitz, the latter alongside 1842 Naval Air Squadron and together were officially assigned as the 6th Naval Fighter Wing.{{sfn|Wragg|2019|pp=196-197}}

It embarked on a voyage with the carrier to the Far East, making brief stops on land at Gibraltar and Dekheila.{{sfn|Wragg|2019|p=196}} The planned operations in Crete were aborted due to the necessity of repairs for the carrier in Gibraltar. Consequently, the Commanding Officer proceeded to Colombo, Ceylon, while the squadron disembarked to RN Air Section Gibraltar. In November, the majority of the squadron travelled overland to RNAS Dekheila (HMS Grebe), Egypt, to await the ship's arrival.{{sfn|Ballance|Howard|Sturtivant|2016|p=292}}

File:Vought (Goodyear) FG-1D Corsair AN1414728.jpg

Upon reaching the Far East, the squadron disembarked at RNAS Puttalam (HMS Rajaliya), Ceylon, on 8 February 1945. On arrival, the squadron underwent re-equipping with new variant of Vought Corsair.{{Cite web |title=Puttalam |url=https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/FAA-Bases/Puttalam.htm |work=Royal Navy Research Archive - Fleet Air Arm Bases 1939 - present day |access-date=18 February 2025}} These were the Goodyear built FG-1D variant, designated Corsair Mk IV by the Fleet Air Arm.{{sfn|Thetford|1991|pp=80&83}} In the months of April and May, the squadron took part in Operation Iceberg, focusing on assaults against the Sakishima Gunto archipelago located in the East China Sea.{{sfn|Wragg|2019|p=196}} HMS Formidable reached Sydney on 31 May, after which her squadrons were disembarked at RNAS Jervis Bay (HMS Nabswick), returning to the carrier on 22 June.{{Cite web |title=Jervis Bay |url=https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/FAA-Bases/Jervis_Bay.htm |work=Royal Navy Research Archive - Fleet Air Arm Bases 1939 - present day |access-date=18 February 2025}}

On 28 June, the 6th Naval Fighter Wing was officially dissolved as the Admiralty transitioned to the United States model of Carrier Air Groups.{{sfn|Wragg|2019|p=200}} In this system, all squadrons assigned to a specific aircraft carrier were organised into a Carrier Air Group (CAG). The aircraft carrier HMS Formidable was designated to No. 2 CAG, which included 1841, 1842, and 848 Naval Air Squadrons.{{sfn|Wragg|2019|p=203}} Shortly prior to V-J Day, airstrikes were executed in the Tokyo region. In one such operation on August 9, Lieutenant R.H. Gray, DSC, RCNVR, tragically lost his life while engaging a Japanese destroyer. He was later posthumously honoured with the Victoria Cross for his bravery.{{sfn|Ballance|Howard|Sturtivant|2016|p=425}} Following the conclusion of the Second World War, the squadron abandoned its aircraft in Australia and its personnel boarded {{HMS|Victorious|R38|6}} for their journey to the United Kingdom, where the squadron was officially disbanded upon arrival on 31 October 1945.{{sfn|Wragg|2019|p=196}}

Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Air Squadron

= Anti-submarine squadron =

1841 Naval Air Squadron was reestablished at RNAS Stretton (HMS Blackcap), Cheshire, England, on 18 August 1952, serving as an Anti-Submarine unit within the Northern Air Division of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, under the command of Lieutenant Commander(A) K. H. Tickle, RNVR.{{Cite web |title=A history of 1841 Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Air Squadron |url=https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/SQUADRONS/1841R_Squadron.htm |work=Royal Navy Research Archive - Royal Naval Air Squadrons 1938 - present day |access-date=19 February 2025}}

File:Fairey Firefly T.3 PP659 JA 1841 Sqn HTN 20.09.52 edited-2.jpg

The squadron's initial fleet consisted of five Fairey Firefly FR.I, a carrier-borne fighter/reconnaissance aircraft, which were subsequently substituted in March 1955 with eight Fairey Firefly AS.Mk 6 anti-submarine warfare variant. By December 1955, the squadron transitioned to a new configuration, incorporating six Grumman Avenger AS.5 anti-submarine aircraft into its operations. 1841 Naval Air Squadron disbanded on 10 March 1957 as part of that year's defence cuts.{{sfn|Ballance|Howard|Sturtivant|2016|p=292}}

Aircraft flown

1841 Naval Air Squadron flew a number of variants a single aircraft type during the Second World War:{{sfn|Ballance|Howard|Sturtivant|2016|p=292}}

Battle honours

The following Battle Honours have been awarded to 1841 Naval Air Squadron:

  • Norway 1944{{Cite web |title=Norway 1940-45 |url=http://www.britainsnavy.co.uk/Battle%20Honours/Norway%201940-45.htm |website=britainsnavy.co.uk |access-date=15 February 2025}}
  • Okinawa 1945{{Cite web |title=Okinawa 1945 |url=http://www.britainsnavy.co.uk/Battle%20Honours/Okinawa%201945.htm |website=britainsnavy.co.uk |access-date=15 February 2025}}
  • Japan 1945{{Cite web |title=Japan 1945 |url=http://www.britainsnavy.co.uk/Battle%20Honours/Japan%201945.htm |website=britainsnavy.co.uk |access-date=15 February 2025}}

Assignments

1841 Naval Air Squadron was assigned as needed to form part of a number of larger units:{{sfn|Wragg|2019|pp=200-203}}

Naval air stations

1841 Naval Air Squadron operated from a number of naval air stations of the Royal Navy in the UK and overseas, and a Royal Navy fleet and escort carrier:{{sfn|Ballance|Howard|Sturtivant|2016|p=292}}

1944 - 1945

File:HMS Smiter.jpg

File:HMS Formidable underway in 1942 (cropped).jpg

1952 - 1957

Commanding officers

List of commanding officers of 1841 Naval Air Squadron with date of appointment:{{sfn|Wragg|2019|p=196}}

1944 - 1945

  • Lieutenant Commander(A) R.L. Bigg-Wither, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|DSC1}}, RN, from 1 March 1944
  • Lieutenant R.H. Gray, RCNVR, from 30 September 1944{{sfn|Ballance|Howard|Sturtivant|2016|p=292}}
  • Lieutenant Commander(A) R.L. Bigg-Wither, DSC & Bar, RN, from 8 February 1945
  • disbanded - (31 October 1945)

1952 - 1957

  • Lieutenant Commander(A) K.H. Tickle, RNVR, from 18 August 1952
  • Lieutenant Commander(A) F. Morrell, RNVR, from 22 July 1955
  • Lieutenant Commander(A) A.E. Frost, RNVR, from 1 October 1956
  • disbanded - 10 March 1957

Note: Abbreviation (A) signifies Air Branch of the RN or RNVR.{{sfn|Wragg|2019|p=257}}

References

= Citations =

{{Reflist}}

= Bibliography =

  • {{cite book |last1=Ballance |first1=Theo |last2=Howard |first2=Lee |last3=Sturtivant |first3=Ray |title=The Squadrons and Units of the Fleet Air Arm |date=2016 |publisher=Air Britain Historians Limited |isbn=978-0-85130-489-2 |language=en}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Sturtivant |first1=R |last2=Ballance |first2=T |title=The Squadrons of The Fleet Air Arm |year=1994 |publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd |location=Tonbridge, Kent, UK |isbn=0-85130-223-8}}
  • {{cite book |last=Wragg |first=David |title= The Fleet Air Arm Handbook 1939-1945 |year=2019 |publisher= The History Press |location= Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK |isbn= 978-0-7509-9303-6 |language=en}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Thetford |first1=Owen |title=British Naval Aircraft since 1912 |year=1991 |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books, an imprint of Conway Maritime Press Ltd |location= London, UK |isbn=0-85177-849-6 }}

External links

  • {{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/SQUADRONS/1841_Squadron.htm |title=A History of 1841 Naval Air Squadron |date=15 March 2022 |website=The Royal Navy Research Archive}}

{{Royal Naval Air Squadrons}}

Category:1800 series Fleet Air Arm squadrons

Category:Military units and formations established in 1944

Category:Military units and formations of the Royal Navy in World War II