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1848–49 United States Senate elections#Vermont

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1848–49 United States Senate elections

| country = United States

| flag_year = 1848

| type = legislative

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1846–47 United States Senate elections

| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1846 & 1847}}

| next_election = 1850–51 United States Senate elections

| next_year = {{Nowrap|1850 & 1851}}

| seats_for_election = 19 of the 60 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)

| majority_seats = 31

| election_date = Various dates

| image_size = 100px

| 1blank = Seats up

| party1 = Democratic Party (US)

| image1 =

| last_election1 = 35 seats

| seats_before1 = 38

| seats1 = 9

| seats_after1 = 33

| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 5

| 1data1 = 14

| party2 = Whig Party (US)

| image2 =

| last_election2 = 19 seats

| seats_before2 = 21

| seats2 = 9

| seats_after2 = 25

| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 4

| 1data2 = 5

| party4 = Independent Democratic

| image4 =

| last_election4 = 1 seat

| seats_before4 = 0

| seats4 = 0

| seats_after4 = 1

| seat_change4 = {{steady}}

| 1data4 = 0

| party5 = Free Soil Party

| image5 =

| seats_before5 = New party

| seats5 = 1

| seats_after5 = 1

| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1

| title = Majority party

| before_election =

| before_party = Democratic Party (US)

| after_election =

| after_party = Democratic Party (US)

| map_image = File:1848senatemap.svg

| map_caption = Results:
{{Legend0|#0671B0|Democratic gain}} {{Legend0|#92C5DE|Democratic hold}}
{{Legend0|#c49213|Whig gain}}

{{Legend0|#f3d586|Whig hold}}
{{legend0|#b4a72f|Free Soil gain}}

| map_size = 380px

}}

The 1848–49 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1848 and 1849, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}} In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic Party lost seats but maintained control of the Senate.

Results

Senate party division, 31st Congress (1849–1851)

  • Majority party: Democratic (33–36)
  • Minority party: Whig Party (25–24)
  • Other parties: Free Soil (2)
  • Total seats: 60–62

Change in Senate composition

= Before the elections =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D1

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D2

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D3

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D4

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D5

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D6

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D7

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D8

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D9

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D10

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D20

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D19

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D18

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D17

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D16

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D15

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D14

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D13

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D12

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D11

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D21

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D22

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D23

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D24

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D25
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D26
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D27
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D28
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D29
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D30
Ran

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →

! rowspan=2 {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D31
Ran

{{party shading/Whig active}} | W21
Unknown

| {{party shading/Independent Democratic}} | ID1

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D38
Retired

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D37
Retired

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D36
Retired

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D35
Retired

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D34
Unknown

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D33
Ran

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D32
Ran

{{party shading/Whig active}} | W20
Ran

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W19
Ran

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W18
Ran

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W17
Ran

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W16

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W15

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W14

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W13

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W12

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W11

{{party shading/Whig}} | W1

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W2

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W3

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W4

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W5

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W6

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W7

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W8

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W9

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W10

= As a result of the elections =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D1

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D2

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D3

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D4

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D5

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D6

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D7

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D8

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D9

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D10

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D20

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D19

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D18

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D17

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D16

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D15

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D14

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D13

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D12

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D11

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D21

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D22

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D23

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D24

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D25
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D26
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D27
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D28
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D29
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D30
Hold

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →

! rowspan=2 {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D31
Hold

{{party shading/Whig active}} | W21
Gain

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W22
Gain

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W23
Gain

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W24
Gain

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W25
Gain

| {{party shading/Independent Democratic}} | ID1

! {{party shading/Free Soil active}} | FS1
Gain

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D33
Gain

! {{party shading/Democratic active}} | D32
Hold

{{party shading/Whig active}} | W20
Hold

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W19
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W18
Re-elected

! {{party shading/Whig active}} | W17
Re-elected

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W16

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W15

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W14

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W13

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W12

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W11

{{party shading/Whig}} | W1

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W2

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W3

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W4

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W5

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W6

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W7

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W8

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W9

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W10

Note: "Re-elected" includes incumbent appointee elected to the next term.

= Beginning of the next Congress =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px
width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D1

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D2

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D3

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D4

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D5

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D6

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D7

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D8

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D9

| width=50px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D10

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D20

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D19

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D18

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D17

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D16

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D15

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D14

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D13

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D12

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D11

{{party shading/Democratic}} | D21

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D22

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D23

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D24

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D25

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D26

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D27

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D28

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D29

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D30

colspan=9 align=right | Majority →

| rowspan=2 {{party shading/Democratic}} | D31

{{party shading/Whig}} | W21

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W22

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W23

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W24

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W25

! {{party shading/Free Soil active}} | FS2

| {{party shading/Free Soil}} | FS1

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D33

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | D32

{{party shading/Whig}} | W20

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W19

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W18

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W17

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W16

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W15

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W14

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W13

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W12

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W11

{{party shading/Whig}} | W1

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W2

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W3

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W4

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W5

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W6

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W7

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W8

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W9

| {{party shading/Whig}} | W10

valign=top

| Key:

|

{| class=wikitable

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Democratic}} | D#

| Democratic

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Independent Democratic}} | ID#

| Independent Democratic

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Free Soil}} | FS#

| Free Soil

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Whig}} | W#

| Whig

align=center width=35px {{party shading/Vacant}} | V#

| Vacant

|}

Race summaries

= Special elections during the 30th Congress =

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1848 or in 1849 before March 4; ordered by election date.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

valign=bottom

! Senator

! Party

! Electoral history

Mississippi
(Class 1)

| Jefferson Davis

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1847 {{small|(appointed)}}

| Interim appointee elected January 11, 1848.{{sfn | Byrd | page=129}}

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Jefferson Davis (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Connecticut
(Class 1)

| Roger S. Baldwin

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| nowrap | 1847 {{small|(appointed)}}

| Interim appointee elected in May 1848.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} Roger S. Baldwin (Whig)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Maine
(Class 1)

| Wyman B. S. Moor

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(appointed)}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected June 7, 1848.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Hannibal Hamlin (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Wisconsin
(Class 1)

| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | None (new state)

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848.
Senator elected June 8, 1848.{{cite report|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89096563820 |title= Journal of the Senate of the State of Wisconsin |year= 1848 |publisher= Wisconsin Legislature |chapter= In Convention of Both Houses |pages= 20-21 |accessdate= March 1, 2025 |via= HathiTrust }}
Democratic gain.

| rowspan="2" nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

Wisconsin
(Class 3)

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Wisconsin admitted to the Union May 29, 1848.
Senator elected June 8, 1848.
Democratic gain.

Alabama
(Class 3)

| Arthur P. Bagby

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1841 (special)
1842

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned June 16, 1848 to become U.S. Minister to Russia.
New senator elected July 1, 1848.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap |{{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} William R. King (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Arkansas
(Class 2)

| William K. Sebastian

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(appointed)}}

| Interim appointee elected November 17, 1848.{{sfn | Byrd | page=164}}

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} William K. Sebastian (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Iowa
(Class 2)

| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | None (new state)

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846.
Legislature had failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required 30 votes.{{sfn | Clark | pages=17–46, 72–79}}
Senator elected December 7, 1848.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} George Wallace Jones (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Iowa
(Class 3)

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Iowa was admitted to the Union December 28, 1846.
Legislature had failed to elect due to a three-way split that prevented any candidate from earning the required 30 votes.{{sfn | Clark | pages=17–46, 72–79}}
Senator elected December 7, 1848.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Augustus C. Dodge (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Kentucky
(Class 3)

| Thomas Metcalfe

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(appointed)}}

| Interim appointee elected January 3, 1849.{{sfn | Byrd | page=112}}

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} Thomas Metcalfe (Whig) 88 votes
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}} Lazarus W. Powell (Democratic) 38 votes{{cite book |author= |date=1848 |title=Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, begun and held in the Town of Frankfort, on Saturday 30th December 1848 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2881217&view=1up&seq=30&skin=2021 |location=Frankfort, KY |publisher=A. G. Hodges & Co, State Printers |page=26 }}

}}

Michigan
(Class 1)

| Thomas Fitzgerald

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(appointed)}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected January 20, 1849, but did not take his seat until March 4, 1849.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Lewis Cass (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Delaware
(Class 1)

| John M. Clayton

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| nowrap | 1829
1835

| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned February 23, 1849 to become U.S. Secretary of State.
New senator elected February 23, 1849.
Whig hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} John Wales (Whig)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

= Races leading to the 31st Congress =

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1849; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

Senator

! Party

! Electoral history

Alabama

| William R. King

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1848 (special)

| Incumbent re-elected in 1848 or 1849.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} William R. King (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Arkansas

| Solon Borland

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(appointed)}}

| Incumbent appointee elected to a full term in November 1848.{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=1595|title=Encyclopedia of Arkansas}}

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Solon Borland (Democratic)
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Ambrose Sevier (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Connecticut

| John M. Niles

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1842

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1848 or 1849.
Whig gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} Truman Smith (Whig)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Florida

| James Westcott

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1845

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1848.
Whig gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} Jackson Morton (Whig)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Georgia

| Herschel V. Johnson

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(appointed)}}

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1847.{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p90RAAAAYAAJ&q=%22william+c.+dawson%22&pg=PA427 | title=Stryker's American Register and Magazine| year=1849}}
Whig gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} William C. Dawson (Whig)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Illinois

| Sidney Breese

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1843

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected January 13, 1849.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} James Shields (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Indiana

| Edward A. Hannegan

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1842

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected in 1848.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} James Whitcomb (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Kentucky

| Thomas Metcalfe

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(appointed)}}
? {{small|(special)}}

| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected February 1, 1849.
Whig hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} Henry Clay (Whig) 93 votes
  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Richard Mentor Johnson (Democratic) 45 votes{{cite book |author= |date=1848 |title=Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, begun and held in the Town of Frankfort, on Saturday 30th December 1848 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2881217&view=1up&seq=174&skin=2021 |location=Frankfort, KY |publisher=A. G. Hodges & Co, State Printers |page=170 }}

}}

Louisiana

| Henry Johnson

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| nowrap | 1844 (special)

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1848.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Pierre Soulé (Democratic)
  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}Henry Johnson (Whig)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Maryland

| James Pearce

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| nowrap | 1843

| Incumbent re-elected in 1849.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} James Pearce (Whig)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Missouri

| David Rice Atchison

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1843 {{small|(appointed)}}
1843 (special)

| Incumbent re-elected in 1849.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} David Rice Atchison (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

New Hampshire

| Charles G. Atherton

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1843 (special)

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1848 or 1849.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Moses Norris Jr. (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

New York

| John Adams Dix

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1845 (special)

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent lost re-election as a Free Soiler.
New senator elected February 6, 1849.
Whig gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

North Carolina

| George Badger

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| nowrap | 1846 (special)

| Incumbent re-elected in 1849.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{aye}} George Badger (Whig)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Ohio

| William Allen

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1837
1842

| {{party shading/Free Soil}} | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1849.
Free Soil gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

Pennsylvania

| Simon Cameron

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1845 (special)

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 10, 1849.
Whig gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

South Carolina

| Andrew Butler

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1846 {{small|(appointed)}}
? {{small|(special)}}

| Incumbent re-elected in 1848.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Andrew Butler (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Vermont

| William Upham

| {{party shading/Whig}} | Whig

| nowrap | 1843

| Incumbent re-elected October 31, 1848.{{Cite news|url= https://www.newspapers.com/article/vermont-patriot-us-senate-election/163932453/ |title= Election of U.S. Senator |newspaper= Vermont Patriot |date= November 2, 1848 |page= 2 |accessdate= January 25, 2025 |via= Newspapers.com }}

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

Wisconsin

| Isaac P. Walker

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1848

| Incumbent re-elected on January 17, 1849.{{cite report|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89096563838 |title= Journal of the Senate of the State of Wisconsin |year= 1849 |publisher= Wisconsin Legislature |chapter= In Convention of Both Houses |pages= 57-58 |accessdate= March 2, 2025 |via= HathiTrust }}

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

}}

= Elections during the 31st Congress =

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1849 after March 4.

class=wikitable
valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

valign=bottom

! Senator

! Party

! Electoral history

Illinois
(Class 3)

| James Shields

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 1848 or 1849

| {{party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Senate voided election March 15, 1849, as incumbent had not been a U.S. citizen long enough as required by the U.S. Constitution.
Incumbent was re-elected October 27, 1849, having by then qualified.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} James Shields (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Alabama
(Class 2)

| Benjamin Fitzpatrick

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| nowrap | 1848 {{small|(appointed)}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected or lost election to finish the term.
New senator elected November 30, 1849.
Democratic hold.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} Jeremiah Clemens (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

California
(Class 1)

| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | None (new state)

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | California admitted as a state on September 9, 1850.
Senator elected December 20, 1849 and seated upon statehood.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} John C. Frémont (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

California
(Class 3)

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | California admitted as a state on September 9, 1850.
Senator elected December 20, 1849 and seated upon statehood.
Democratic gain.

| nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} William M. Gwin (Democratic)
  • {{data missing|date=February 2020}}

}}

Individual elections

= Maryland =

{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}}

{{Expand section|date=November 2022}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1849 United States Senate election in Maryland

| popular_vote1 = -

| colour1 = B0CEFF

| percentage1 = -%

| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)

| candidate1 = David Stewart

| image1 = David Stewart (Maryland).jpg

| popular_vote2 =

| colour2 =

| percentage2 =

| party2 =

| candidate2 =

| image2 =

| next_year = 1850

| next_election = 1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland

| previous_year = 1844

| previous_election = 1844 United States Senate election in Maryland

| votes_for_election = 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly

| vote_type = Legislative

| election_date = December 1849

| type = presidential

}}

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1849 United States Senate election in Maryland

| popular_vote1 = -

| colour1 = F0C862

| percentage1 = -%

| party1 = Whig Party (United States)

| candidate1 = James Pearce

| image1 = James Alfred Pearce, standing.jpg

| popular_vote2 =

| colour2 =

| percentage2 =

| party2 =

| candidate2 =

| image2 =

| next_year = 1855

| next_election = 1855 United States Senate election in Maryland

| previous_year = 1843

| previous_election = 1843 United States Senate election in Maryland

| votes_for_election = 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly

| vote_type = Legislative

| election_date = January 1849

| type = presidential

}}

Reverdy Johnson won election in 1844 but retired to become the United States Attorney General. In order to fill his seat, David Stewart was elected by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122893|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 00, 1849|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}

James Pearce won re-election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122902|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1849|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}

{{Clear}}

= New York =

{{main|United States Senate election in New York, 1849}}

The New York election was held February 6, 1849. Barnburner John Adams Dix had been elected in 1845 to this seat after the resignation of Silas Wright, and Dix's term would expire on March 3, 1849. In November 1848, Dix was the Barnburners/Free-Soilers candidate for Governor of New York, but was defeated by Whig Hamilton Fish.

At this time New York Democratic Party was split in two fiercely opposing factions: the Barnburners" and the "Hunkers". The Barnburners organized the Free Soil Party in 1848 and nominated Martin Van Buren for U.S. President. Due to the split, the Whig Party won most of the elective offices by pluralities.

At the State election in November 1847, 24 Whigs and 8 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1848–1849) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1848, 106 Whigs, 15 Free Soilers and 7 Hunkers were elected to the Assembly for the session of 1849. The 72nd New York State Legislature met from January 2 to April 11, 1849, at Albany, New York.

Ex-Governor of New York William H. Seward was nominated by a caucus of Whig State legislators on February 1, 1849. The vote was 88 for Seward, 12 for John A. Collier, 18 scattering and 4 blanks. The incumbent U.S. Senator John Adams Dix ran for re-election supported by the Free Soilers. Ex-Chancellor Reuben H. Walworth was the candidate of the Hunkers. Walworth had been third place in the last gubernatorial election, behind Fish and Dix. Ex-Congressman Daniel D. Barnard (Whig) received 2 scattering votes in the Senate. William H. Seward was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.

class=wikitable
House

! colspan=2 {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig

! colspan=2 {{Party shading/Free Soil}} | Free Soil

! colspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./Hunker

! colspan=2 | Also ran

State Senate (32 members)

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | William H. Seward

| align=right | 19

| John Adams Dix

| align=right | 6

| Reuben H. Walworth

| align=right | 2

| Daniel D. Barnard

| align=right | 2

State Assembly (128 members)

| {{Party shading/Whig}} | William H. Seward

| align=right | 102

| John Adams Dix

| align=right | 15

| Reuben H. Walworth

| align=right | 7

|

|

=Ohio=

{{main|United States Senate election in Ohio, 1849}}

The two houses of the Ohio General Assembly met in joint session February 22, 1849, with 72 representatives and 35 senators present to elect a Senator (Class 3) to succeed incumbent William Allen. On the fourth ballot, Salmon P. Chase was elected with a majority of the votes cast, as follows:{{cite book

|title=Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900 ... |first1=William Alexander |last1=Taylor |first2=Aubrey Clarence |last2=Taylor |year=1899 |publisher=State of Ohio |page = 232 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA232 }}

class="wikitable"
Ballot

! William Allen

! Thomas Ewing

! Joshua Reed Giddings

! Salmon P. Chase

! Reuben Hitchcock

! Emery D. Potter

! David T. Disney

! John C. Vaughn

! Blank ballots

! Total votes cast

1

| 27

| 41

| 9

| 14

| 1

| 2

| 1

| 0

| 11

| 106

2

| 1

| 41

| 8

| 52

| 0

| 0

| 0

| 0

| 4

| 108

3

| 0

| 39

| 9

| 53

| 0

| 0

| 0

| 2

| 2

| 105

4

| 0

| 39

| 11

| 55

| 0

| 0

| 0

| 1

| 0

| 106

The second ballot was declared a nullity by Speaker of the Senate Brewster Randall, because there were one more ballots cast than members present.

= Pennsylvania =

{{main|United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1849}}

The Pennsylvania election was held January 10, 1849. James Cooper was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 10 January 1849|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1849.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|access-date=22 December 2013}}

Incumbent Democrat Simon Cameron, who was elected in 1845, was not a candidate for re-election to another term. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 10, 1849, to elect a new Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1849. Three ballots were recorded. The results of the third and final ballot of both houses combined are as follows:

{{Election box begin no change| title=State Legislature results}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change|

|party = Whig Party (United States)

|candidate = James Cooper

|votes = 66

|percentage = 49.62

|change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change|

|party = Democratic Party (United States)

|candidate = Richard Brodhead

|votes = 62

|percentage = 46.62

|change =

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link no change|

|party = Free Soil Party

|candidate = Thaddeus Stevens

|votes = 3

|percentage = 2.26

|change =

}}

{{Election box candidate no change|

|party = N/A

|candidate = Not voting

|votes = 2

|percentage = 1.50

|change =

}}

|-

|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"

| colspan="3" align="right" | Totals

| align="right" | 133

| align="right" | 100.00%

|}

See also

Notes

{{reflist|30em}}

References

  • {{cite web

| title = Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present

| publisher = via Senate.gov

| url = https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm

}}

  • {{cite book

| last = Clark | first = Dan Elbert

| title = History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa

| location = Iowa City, Iowa

| date = 1913

| ref = {{sfnRef | Clark}}

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ

}}

  • {{cite book

| last = Byrd | first = Robert C. | author-link1 = Robert Byrd

| editor1-first = Wendy | editor1-last = Wolff

| title = The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992

| edition = volume 4 Bicentennial

| department = United States Senate Historical Office

| location = Washington, D.C.

| publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office

| date = October 1, 1993

| ref = {{sfnRef | Byrd}}

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C

| isbn = 9780160632563 }}

  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=E3sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA63 The New York Civil List] compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 136 for State Senators 1849; pg. 236ff for Members of Assembly 1849)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090825104128/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/31st.pdf Members of the 31st United States Congress]
  • Result State election, 1847: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnETAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT374 The Whig Almanac and United States Register for 1848]
  • Result Whig caucus: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQIwAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA638 The American Whig Review, Vol. 11] by George Hooker Colton & James Davenport Whelpley (page 638)
  • Result U.S. Senate election, State Senate: [https://archive.org/details/journal136senagoog/page/n685 Journal of the Senate (72nd Session)] (1849; pg. 167)
  • Result U.S. Senate election, State Assembly: [https://archive.org/details/journalassembly20assegoog/page/n359 Journal of the Assembly (72nd Session)] (1849; pg. 355f)
  • [http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/ Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006] from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project

{{1848 United States elections}}

{{United States Senate elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1848-49 United States Senate elections}}

Category:William R. King

Category:Hannibal Hamlin