1871 French legislative election

{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox election

| country = French Third Republic

| type = parliamentary

| previous_election = 1869 French legislative election

| previous_year = 1869

| election_date = {{Start date|1871|02|08|df=y}}

| next_election = French legislative election, 1876

| next_year = 1876

| seats_for_election = All 758 seats in the National Assembly

| majority_seats = 320

| image_size = 130x130px

| image1 = Portrait Jules Grévy (cropped 2).jpg

| leader1 = Jules Grévy

| party1 = Republicans

| party1_name = no

| seats1 = 249

| image2 = Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale.jpg

| leader2 = Henri d'Orléans

| party2 = Orléanists

| seats2 = 223

| image3 = Étienne Neurdein - Comte de Chambord (demi-chiffre ca 1870).jpg

| leader3 = Henri of Artois

| party3 = Legitimists

| seats3 = 182

| party4 = Liberals

| party4_name = no

| colour4 =

| seats4 = 78

| party5 = Bonapartists (political party)

| seats5 = 23

| title = Prime Minister

| before_election = Louis-Jules Trochu

| before_party = Independent politician

| after_election = Jules Dufaure

| after_party = Independent politician

}}

Legislative elections were held in France on 8 February 1871 to elect the first legislature of the Third French Republic, the unicameral National Assembly. The elections were held during a situation of crisis in the country, as following the Franco-Prussian War, 43 departments were occupied by Prussian forces. As a result, all public meetings were outlawed and Paris was the only city where an election campaign took place.

The electoral law allowed candidates to run in more than one seat at a time. As a result, several candidates were elected in more than one seat, with Adolphe Thiers elected in 86 constituencies. By-elections were subsequently held on 2 July to elect representatives for the 114 vacant seats.

The elections saw the victory of monarchists (Legitimists and Orleanists), who were favourable to a restoration of the monarchy and peace with the German Empire, with the two groups winning a large majority.