1890 Eccles by-election

The 1890 Eccles by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Eccles in Lancashire on 22 October 1890.

Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP the Hon. Alfred John Francis Egerton on 25 September 1890.Obituary: Alfred Egerton, The Times, September 27, 1890, p. 10 Egerton had held the seat at the 1886 general election with a majority of 292 votes.{{cite news |title=The New Parliament |newspaper=The Times |date=7 July 1886 |page=6 }}

The candidates and constituency

The campaign began immediately following the late MP's funeral on 30 September. There were two candidates:

Algernon Fulke Egerton, a former Conservative MP and uncle of the deceased member, who was also supported by the local Liberal Unionist organisation.
Henry John Roby, a partner in the firm of Ermen & Roby cotton thread manufacturers, candidate of the Liberal Party.{{cite news |title=Election News. Eccles Division of South-East Lancashire |newspaper=Daily News |date=1 October 1890 }}

The constituency was described as containing an "electorate of varied pursuits and interests", with different areas favourable to each candidate. The Liberals were thought to be strong among the factory workers in Patricroft, Pendlebury and Swinton. Roby's family firm maintained two mills in the area, and he was known to be a popular employer. There was also a large number of Irish voters among the employees of the London and North Western Railway locomotive works in Patricroft likely to be in favour of Home Rule. In contrast, the mainly residential town of Eccles was thought to be favourable to the Conservative candidate. The political allegiance of the coal miners of the constituency was uncertain. The Egerton family had been involved in the development and ownership of the collieries, and the Conservatives were confident that this would be sufficient to secure their support. On the other hand, the Liberals, who supported an eight-hour working day, believed they would get the majority of miners' votes.

The campaign

Roby's campaign was bolstered by the support of the Irish National League, with a number of Irish MPs visiting the constituency to support him.{{cite news |title=The Eccles Division |newspaper=Leeds Mercury |date=7 October 1890 }} The miners' associations applied pressure on Egerton to support an eight hours bill. However he came out in opposition to such a move. The Ashton & Haydock and Manchester Miners' Associations subsequently gave their full support to the Liberals.{{cite news |title=Mr Egerton and The Miners |newspaper=Leeds Mercury |date=7 October 1890 }} Following the miners' decision it was clear that the momentum was with the Liberals, and the Conservatives "were beginning to recognise [that Egerton's] name and influence will avail them little".{{cite news |title=The Election in the Eccles Division |newspaper=Leeds Mercury |date=9 October 1890 }}

Polling day

Polling opened at 8 a.m., with both parties organising transport for their supporters. Rosettes in party colours were widely worn: blue for the Conservatives and red for the Liberals. The Liberals were fearful of personation and employed a large number of scrutineers at the eleven polling stations.{{cite news |title=The Polling at Eccles |newspaper=North-Eastern Daily Gazette |date=22 October 1890 }} Polling was relatively slow until lunch time, when large numbers of navvies and mill-operators voted. There was a heavy poll from 5 p.m. until the close of polls at 8 p.m.{{cite news |title=The Eccles Election. Result of the Poll |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=23 October 1890 }}

Result

The votes were counted at Eccles Town Hall, and the result was a gain for the Liberals. This was seen as setback for the Unionist government of Lord Salisbury and a rejection of their Irish policy.{{cite news |title=The Eccles Election. Great Liberal Victory |newspaper=Daily News |date=23 October 1890 }}

{{Election box begin | title=Eccles by-election 1890{{cite news |title=Election Intelligence Lancashire (Eccles Division) |newspaper=The Times |date=23 October 1890 |page=5 }}[https://archive.org/details/constitutionaly07unkngoog The Constitutional Year Book], 1904, published by Conservative Central Office, page 147 (171 in web page), Lancashire South East}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|party = Liberal Party (UK)

|candidate = Henry John Roby

|votes = 4,901

|percentage = 51.1

|change = +2.9

}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|

|party = Conservative Party (UK)

|candidate = Hon. Algernon Egerton

|votes = 4,696

|percentage = 48.9