1892 United Kingdom general election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1892 United Kingdom general election
| country = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1886 United Kingdom general election
| previous_year = 1886
| previous_mps = List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1886
| next_election = 1895 United Kingdom general election
| next_year = 1895
| seats_for_election = All 670 seats in the House of Commons
| majority_seats = 336
| elected_mps = List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1892
| election_date = {{start and end dates|1892|7|4|1892|7|26|df=yes}}
| image1 = 160x160px
| leader1 = Marquess of Salisbury
| leader_since1 = April 1881
| party1 = Conservative and Liberal Unionist
| leaders_seat1 = House of Lords
| last_election1 = 393 seats, 51.4%
| seats1 = 314
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}}79
| popular_vote1 = 2,028,586
| percentage1 = 47.0%
| swing1 = {{decrease}}4.4 pp
| image2 = 160x160px
| leader2 = William Ewart Gladstone
| leader_since2 = April 1880
| party2 = Liberal Party (UK)
| leaders_seat2 = Midlothian
| last_election2 = 191 seats, 41.8%
| seats2 = 272{{efn|Includes Arthur Peel (Speaker of the House of Commons) and Sir Edward Watkin (Independent Liberal)}}
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}80
| popular_vote2 = 1,958,598
| percentage2 = 45.4%
| swing2 = {{increase}}3.6 pp
| image3 = 160x160px
| leader3 = Justin McCarthy
| leader_since3 = 1891
| party3 = Irish National Federation
| leaders_seat3 = North Longford
| last_election3 = Part of IPP
| seats3 = 72
| seat_change3 = {{increase}}72
| popular_vote3 = 224,528
| percentage3 = 5.2%
| swing3 = New party
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Prime Minister after
election
| before_election = Marquess of Salisbury
| before_party = Conservative Party (UK)
| after_election = William Ewart Gladstone
| after_party = Liberal Party (UK)
| map_image = United Kingdom general election 1892.svg
| map_size = 330px
| map_caption = Colours denote the winning party
| turnout = 4,317,312
77.4% ({{increase}}3.2 pp)
| map2_image = File:1892 UK GE Composition diagram.svg
| map2_caption = Diagram displaying the composition of the House of Commons following the election
}}
The 1892 United Kingdom general election was held from 4 to 26 July 1892. It saw the Conservatives, led by Lord Salisbury again win the greatest number of seats, but no longer a majority as William Ewart Gladstone's Liberals won 80 more seats than in the 1886 general election. The Liberal Unionists who had previously supported the Conservative government saw their vote and seat numbers go down.
Despite being split between Parnellite and anti-Parnellite factions, the Irish Nationalist vote held up well. As the Liberals did not have a majority on their own, Salisbury refused to resign on hearing the election results and waited to be defeated in a vote of no confidence on 11 August. Gladstone formed a minority government dependent on Irish Nationalist support.
The Liberals had engaged in failed attempts at reunification between 1886 and 1887. Gladstone however was able to retain control of much of the Liberal party machinery, particularly the National Liberal Federation. Gladstone used the annual NLF meetings as a platform to consolidate various Liberal causes, particularly the Newcastle meeting of 1891, which gave its name to the radical Newcastle Programme. This programme placed Irish Home Rule first, followed by Welsh and Scottish disestablishment, reduction in factory work hours, free education, electoral reform, land reform, reform or abolition of the House of Lords, and the removal of duties on basic foods. This programme would later be disowned by the party leadership following the Liberal defeat in the 1895 election.{{harv|Haigh|1990|page=259}}
{{UK general election navigation|clear=none|1885|1886|1892|1895|1900}}
Results
{{Election summary begin with leaders| title = UK General Election 1892}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Conservative and Liberal Unionist
|leader = Lord Salisbury
|candidates = 606
|seats = 314
|gain = 21
|loss = 100
|net = −79
|votes = 2,028,586
|votes % = 46.99
|seats % = 46.87
|plus/minus = −4.4
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|leader = William Ewart Gladstone
|candidates = 535
|seats = 271
|gain = 98
|loss = 19
|net = +79
|votes = 1,958,598
|votes % = 45.37
|seats % = 40.44
|plus/minus = +0.2
|government =
|vps = 7,677
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Irish National Federation
|leader = Justin McCarthy
|candidates = 85
|seats = 72
|gain =
|loss =
|net = +72
|votes = 224,528
|votes % = 5.20
|seats % = 10.75
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = 9,973
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Irish National League
|leader = John Redmond
|candidates = 44
|seats = 9
|gain =
|loss =
|net = +9
|votes = 67,119
|votes % = 1.55
|seats % = 1.34
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = 1,824
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Independent Labour
|leader = N/A
|candidates = 9
|seats = 3
|gain = 3
|loss = 0
|net = +3
|votes = 22,198
|votes % = 0.51
|seats % = 0.45
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = 7,399
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Independent Conservative
|leader = N/A
|candidates = 4
|seats = 0
|gain = 0
|loss = 0
|net = 0
|votes = 5,556
|votes % = 0.13
|seats % =0
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = N/A
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Independent Liberal
|leader = N/A
|candidates = 6
|seats = 1
|gain = 1
|loss = 0
|net = +1
|votes = 3,572
|votes % = 0.08
|seats % = 0.15
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = 3,572
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Scottish United Trades Councils Labour Party
|leader = Chisholm Robertson
|candidates = 4
|seats = 0
|gain = 0
|loss = 0
|net = 0
|votes = 2,313
|votes % = 0.05
|seats % =0
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = N/A
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Independent Nationalist
|leader = N/A
|candidates = 2
|seats = 0
|gain = 0
|loss = 0
|net = 0
|votes = 2,180
|votes % = 0.05
|seats % =0
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = N/A
}}
{{Election summary with leaders|
|party = Scottish Parliamentary Labour
|leader = Keir Hardie
|candidates = 3
|seats = 0
|gain = 0
|loss = 0
|net = 0
|votes = 1,866
|votes % = 0.04
|seats % =0
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = N/A
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Social Democratic Federation
|leader = H. M. Hyndman
|candidates = 2
|seats = 0
|gain = 0
|loss = 0
|net = 0
|votes = 659
|votes % = 0.02
|seats % =0
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = N/A
}}
{{Election summary party with leaders|
|party = Independent (politician)
|leader = N/A
|candidates = 3
|seats = 0
|gain = 0
|loss = 0
|net = 0
|votes = 137
|votes % = 0.00
|seats % =0
|plus/minus = N/A
|vps = N/A
}}
|}
{{Hatnote|Total votes cast: 4,317,312.All parties shown.
Electorate: 6,160,541 (5,614,202 in contested seats)
Turnout: 77.4%
}}
=Voting summary=
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=350px
|bars=
{{bar percent|Conservative and Liberal Unionist|{{party color|Conservative and Liberal Unionist}}|46.99}}
{{bar percent|Liberal|{{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}|45.37}}
{{bar percent|Irish National Federation|{{party color|Irish National Federation}}|5.20}}
{{bar percent|Irish National League|{{party color|Irish National League}}|1.55}}
{{bar percent|Independent Labour|{{party color|Independent Labour}}|0.51}}
{{bar percent|Independent Conservative|{{party color|Independent Conservative}}|0.13}}
{{bar percent|Independent Liberal|{{party color|Independent Liberal}}|0.08}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.17}}
}}
=Seats summary=
{{bar box
|title=Parliamentary seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=350px
|bars=
{{bar percent|Conservative and Liberal Unionist|{{party color|Conservative and Liberal Unionist}}|46.72}}
{{bar percent|Liberal|{{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}|40.60}}
{{bar percent|Irish National Federation|{{party color|Irish National Federation}}|10.75}}
{{bar percent|Irish National League|{{party color|Irish National League}}|1.34}}
{{bar percent|Independent Labour|{{party color|Independent Labour}}|0.45}}
{{bar percent|Independent Liberal|{{party color|Independent Liberal}}|0.15}}
}}
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist|30em}}
Further reading
{{refbegin}}
- Blaxill, Luke. From: The War of Words: The Language of British Elections, 1880–1922 (2020) pp. 81–123.
- {{citation |last=Cawood |first=Ian |title=The 1892 General Election and the Eclipse of the Liberal Unionists |journal=Parliamentary History |volume=29 |pages=331–357 |number=3 |year=2010 |doi=10.1111/j.1750-0206.2010.00137.x |doi-access=free }}
- {{citation |last=Cawood |first=Ian |title=The Unionist 'Compact' in West Midland Politics 1891–1895 |journal=Midland History |year=2013}}
- {{citation |author-link=F. W. S. Craig |first=F. W. S. |last=Craig |title=British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987 |year=1989 |location=Dartmouth |publisher=Gower |isbn=0900178302 }}
- {{citation |last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |title=British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918 |publisher=Macmillan |year=1974}}
- {{citation |ref={{harvid|The Guardian}} |date=26 July 2013 |title=From the archive, 26 July 1892: Britain's first Asian MP elected |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/jul/26/election-naoroji-finsbury-1892 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=2 May 2018}}
- {{citation |editor-last=Haigh |editor-first=Christopher |year=1990 |title=The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0NrVJb1rWq0C&q=1892+general+election+salisbury&pg=PA259 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521395526 |editor-link=Christopher Haigh }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Lloyd-Jones |first1=Naomi |title=The 1892 general election in England: Home Rule, the Newcastle programme and positive Unionism |journal=Historical Research |date=2020 |volume=93 |issue=259 |pages=73–104 |doi=10.1093/hisres/htz009|doi-access=free }}
- {{citation |last=Pelling |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Pelling |title=Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910 |year=1967}}{{publisher missing}}
{{refend}}
External links
- [http://www.spartacus-educational.com/GE1892.htm Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results]
- [http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130011015/http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html |date=30 January 2012 }}
{{British elections}}
Category:1892 elections in the United Kingdom