1912 Belgian general election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Belgium
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1910 Belgian general election
| previous_year = 1910
| next_election = 1914 Belgian general election
| next_year = 1914
| seats_for_election = All 186 seats in the Chamber of Representatives
93 of 120 seats in the Senate
| election_date = 2 June 1912
| image_size = 130x130px
| image1 = DeBroqueville.jpg
| leader1 = Charles de Broqueville
| party1 = Catholic Party (Belgium)
| seats1 = 101
| popular_vote1 = 1,337,315
| percentage1 = 51.01%
| image2 = 3x4.svg
| leader2 = N/A
| seats2 = 45
| popular_vote2 = 710,459
| percentage2 = 27.10%
| color2 = 800080
| image3 = 3x4.svg
| leader3 =
| party3 = Liberal Party (Belgium)
| seats3 = 21
| popular_vote3 = 291,084
| percentage3 = 11.10%
| image4 = 3x4.svg
| leader4 = Laurent Vandersmissen
| party4 = Belgian Labour Party
| seats4 = 18
| popular_vote4 = 243,338
| percentage4 = 9.28%
| image5 =
| leader5 =
| party5 = Christene Volkspartij
| seats5 = 1
| popular_vote5 = 19,317
| percentage5 = 0.74%
| title = Government
| posttitle = Government after election
| before_election = De Broqueville I
| before_party = Catholic Party (Belgium)
| after_election = De Broqueville I
| after_party = Catholic Party (Belgium)
}}
Full general elections were held in Belgium on 2 June 1912.{{Cite book
|title= Elections in Europe: A data handbook
|last1= Nohlen
|first1= Dieter
|authorlink= Dieter Nohlen
|last2= Stöver
|first2= Philip
|date= 31 May 2010
|publisher= Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft
|page= 289
|isbn= 978-3-8329-5609-7
}}
Background
File:M 37 4 Charles de Brocqueville.jpg
Catholics had formed the government continuously since 1884. Minister Schollaert had drafted a controversial education law, because of which he was forced to resign in June 1911. He was succeeded by a government led by Charles de Broqueville. The education law was intended to financially equalise public and private education, which was opposed by liberals and socialists as it benefited private (Catholic) schools. Both opposition parties, united against Catholics, were expected to win the elections. King Albert I was preparing to switch to a progressive government headed by liberal Paul Hymans. However, the elections unexpectedly increased the majority of the Catholic Party, which won 101 of the 186 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 54 of the 93 seats in the Senate.Nohlen & Stöver, pp308-310 Consequently, the incumbent Catholic government headed by Charles de Broqueville continued after the elections.
Electoral system
These elections were the first full general elections since 27 May 1900, when a proportional system using the D'Hondt method was introduced. Since 1893, there was universal suffrage with plural voting. Hence, there were more votes than the 1,745,666 who could vote in these Chamber elections (out of a population of 7,571,387 in the country).
Following the population census, the number of seats in the Chamber of Representatives increased from 166 to 186. The number of directly elected seats in the Senate (half the number of Chamber seats) consequently increased from 83 to 93; the number of provincial senators remained at 27.
Results
=Chamber of Representatives=
{{Election results
|image=File:Belgian Chamber 1912.svg
|party1=Catholic Party|votes1=1337315|seats1=101
|party2=Liberal–Socialist kartels|votes2=710459|seats2=45|color2=purple
|party3=Liberal Party|votes3=291084|seats3=21
|party4=Belgian Labour Party|votes4=243338|seats4=18
|party5=Christene Volkspartij|votes5=19317|seats5=1
|party6=Independents|votes6=20258|seats6=0
|invalid=62327
|electorate=2814089
|source=Belgian Elections{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/nl/result_ko.php?date=1912-06-12&vt=CK&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263|title=Verkiezingsdatabase|website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be}}
}}
=Senate=
{{Election results
|image=File:Belgium Senate 1912.svg
|party1=Catholic Party|votes1=1224767|seats1=54
|party2=Liberal–Socialist kartels|votes2=480457|seats2=16
|party3=Liberal Party|votes3=408043|seats3=14
|party4=Belgian Labour Party|votes4=223197|seats4=9
|party5=Christene Volkspartij|votes5=8937|seats5=0
|invalid=75136
|electorate=2525810
|source=Belgian Elections{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/result/nl/result_ko.php?date=1912-06-12&vt=SE&ko_type=KO_RK&ko=263|title=Verkiezingsdatabase|website=www.ibzdgip.fgov.be}}
}}
Constituencies
The distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows.[http://www.dekamer.be/digidoc/DPS/K3055/K30550008/K30550008.PDF List of members of the Chamber of Representatives (1912)] Several arrondissements got one or more additional seats, following the population census. With Neufchâteau-Virton receiving an extra seat, every electoral district now had at minimum, three seats in the Chamber.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width:125px;" | Province ! style="width:225px;" | Arrondissement(s) ! style="width:85px;" | Chamber !! style="width:60px;" | Change ! style="width:85px;" | Senate !! style="width:60px;" | Change | |||||
| rowspan="4" | Antwerp | Antwerp | 15 | +2 | 7 | +1 |
| Mechelen | 5 | +1 | rowspan="2" | 5 | rowspan="2" | +1 | |
| Turnhout | 4 | +1 | |||
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 3 | – | ||
| rowspan="3" | Limburg | Hasselt | 3 | – | rowspan="2" | 4 | rowspan="2" | +1 |
| Tongeren-Maaseik | 4 | +1 | |||
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 2 | – | ||
| rowspan="6" | East Flanders | Aalst | 5 | – | rowspan="2" | 4 | rowspan="2" | – |
| Oudenaarde | 3 | – | |||
| Gent-Eeklo | 12 | +1 | 6 | +1 | |
| Dendermonde | 4 | +1 | rowspan="2" | 4 | rowspan="2" | – | |
| Sint-Niklaas | 4 | – | |||
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 4 | – | ||
| rowspan="6" | West Flanders | Bruges | 4 | – | 2 | – |
| Roeselare-Tielt | 5 | +1 | 3 | +1 | |
| Kortrijk | 5 | – | rowspan="2" | 4 | rowspan="2" | – | |
| Ypres | 3 | – | |||
| Veurne-Diksmuide-Ostend | 5 | +1 | 2 | – | |
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 3 | – | ||
| rowspan="4" | Brabant | Leuven | 7 | +1 | 3 | – |
| Brussels | 26 | +5 | 13 | +2 | |
| Nivelles | 4 | – | 2 | – | |
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 4 | – | ||
| rowspan="6" | Hainaut | Tournai-Ath | 6 | – | 3 | – |
| Charleroi | 11 | +2 | rowspan="2" | 7 | rowspan="2" | +1 | |
| Thuin | 3 | – | |||
| Mons | 7 | +1 | rowspan="2" | 5 | rowspan="2" | – | |
| Soignies | 4 | – | |||
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 4 | – | ||
| rowspan="4" | Liège | Huy-Waremme | 4 | – | 2 | – |
| Liège | 13 | +1 | 7 | +1 | |
| Verviers | 5 | – | 2 | – | |
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 3 | – | ||
| rowspan="3" | Luxembourg | Arlon-Marche-Bastogne | 3 | – | rowspan="2" | 3 | rowspan="2" | – |
| Neufchâteau-Virton | 3 | +1 | |||
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 2 | – | ||
| rowspan="3" | Namur | Namur | 5 | – | rowspan="2" | 5 | rowspan="2" | +1 |
| Dinant-Philippeville | 4 | – | |||
| Elected by the provincial council | style="background-color:#EFEFEF;" colspan="2" | | 2 | – | ||
| colspan="2" | Total | 186 | +20 | 120 | +10 |
|---|