1912 Democratic National Convention
{{Short description|American presidential nominating convention}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox National Political Convention
| year = 1912
| party = Democratic
| image = Woodrow Wilson-H&E (3x4 A).jpg
| image2 = Thomas Riley Marshall headshot (3x4 b).jpg
| caption = Nominees
Wilson and Marshall
| date = June 25 – July 2, 1912
| venue = Fifth Regiment Armory
| city = Baltimore, Maryland
| presidential_nominee = Woodrow Wilson
| presidential_nominee_state = New Jersey
| vice_presidential_nominee = Thomas R. Marshall
| vice_presidential_nominee_state = Indiana
| previous_year = 1908
| next_year = 1916
}}
File:Baltimore Convention in Session (4295271031) (cropped).jpg
File:1912 DNC Speaker's stand (cropped).jpg
File:Democratic Convention of 1912 (4295271025) (cropped1).jpg
File:Crowds Beseiging The Convention Hall (4296046294) (cropped).jpg
The 1912 Democratic National Convention was held at the Fifth Regiment Armory off North Howard Street in Baltimore from June 25 to July 2, 1912.
The Convention
The convention was held at the Fifth Regiment Armory in Baltimore from June 25 to July 2, 1912. It proved to be one of the more memorable United States presidential conventions of the 20th century.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
1904 presidential nominee Judge Alton B. Parker of New York served as the Temporary chairman and Keynote Speaker while Representative Ollie M. James of Kentucky served as Permanent Convention chairman.
{{As of|2024}}, this is the last major party convention to be held in Baltimore.{{cite web |last1=Haynes |first1=By Stan M. |title=When Baltimore was convention central |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-baltimore-convention-20120625-story.html |website=baltimoresun.com |publisher=Baltimore Sun |access-date=6 August 2020 |date=5 August 2020}}
=Presidential candidates=
Image:Woodrow Wilson-H&E.jpg|Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey
Image:ChampClark.png|Speaker of the House Champ Clark of Missouri
Image:JudsonHarmonLOC.jpg|Governor Judson Harmon of Ohio
Image:Thomas Riley Marshall headshot.jpg|Governor Thomas R. Marshall of Indiana
Image:Simeon E. Baldwin, 1910.png|Governor Simeon E. Baldwin of Connecticut
File:Urey Woodson, Roger Charles Sullivan, Norman Edward Mack, Edwin O. Wood, and Robert Crain at the 1912 Democratic Convention.jpg, Roger Charles Sullivan, Norman E. Mack, Edwin Orin Wood, and Robert Crain at the convention]]
==Withdrew During Balloting==
Image:Oscar W. Underwood.jpg|House Majority Leader Oscar Underwood of Alabama
Image:Governor Foss.png|Governor Eugene Foss of Massachusetts
==Declined==
Image:JohnBurke1908.png|Governor John Burke of North Dakota
File:Bennett Champ Clark (cropped1).jpg at the convention. His father, Champ Clark, initially appeared to be the frontrunner for the nomination.]]
File:W.J. Bryan (LOC) (3490812011).jpg attending the convention. Bryan's speech against Champ Clark and endorsement of Woodrow Wilson would ultimately affect the outcome of the nomination.]]
The main candidates were House Speaker Champ Clark of Missouri and Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey. Both Clark and Wilson had won a number of primaries, and Clark entered the convention with more pledged delegates than did Wilson. However, he lacked the two-thirds vote necessary to secure the presidential nomination.
Initially, the front runner appeared to be Clark, who received 440¼ votes on the first ballot to 324 for Wilson. Governor Judson Harmon of Ohio received 148 votes while U.S. Representative Oscar W. Underwood of Alabama, the Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, received 117¼ with the rest of the votes scattered among the other delegates. No candidate managed to gain a majority until the ninth ballot, when the New York delegation shifted its allegiance to Clark. Due to the then-official two-thirds rule used by the Democratic Party, Clark was never able to secure the presidential nomination as he failed to get the necessary two-thirds vote for victory.
C. Vann Woodward stated that the 1912 Democratic nomination was "the first in half a century in which the South played a conspicuous and perhaps even decisive part". Earl Black and Merle Black stated that Underwood was the first southerner following the Civil War to seriously seek the Democratic nomination. Clark was able to gain a majority of the delegate vote, but lacked support in the south which prevented him from passing the two-thirds requirement.{{sfn|Black|Black|1992|p=85-86}}
In past conventions, once a candidate received a majority of the votes, it would start a bandwagon rolling to the nomination. Clark's chances were hurt when Tammany Hall, the powerful and corrupt Democratic political machine in New York City, threw its support behind him. This was the move that gave Clark a majority on the ninth ballot, but instead of propelling Clark's bandwagon towards victory, the endorsement led William Jennings Bryan to turn against the Speaker of the House. A three-time Democratic presidential candidate and still the leader of the party's liberals, Bryan delivered a speech denouncing Clark as the candidate of "Wall Street".
Up until the Tammany endorsement, Bryan had remained neutral, but once the corrupt machine put itself behind Clark, he threw his support to New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson, who was regarded as a moderate reformer.
Additionally Illinois Democratic Boss, Roger Charles Sullivan and Indiana Democratic Boss Thomas Taggart made a deal with a member of Wilson's campaign. In exchange for having Thomas R. Marshall be Wilsons running mate, Illinois and Indiana would put their support behind Wilson.Roger C. Sullivan and the Triumph of the Chicago Democratic Machine, 1908-1920 p.82-101
Before these events, Wilson had consistently finished second to Clark on each ballot, Ironically, Wilson had nearly given up hope that he could be nominated, and he was on the verge of having a concession speech read for him at the convention freeing his delegates to vote for someone else. After receiving the support of Bryan, Sullivan, and Taggart, Wilson gradually gained in strength while Clark's support dwindled. Wilson received the presidential nomination on the 46th ballot.
=Presidential balloting=
The 46 ballots were the most cast at a convention since 1860.
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
!(1-22) ! style="text-align:center" colspan="25" |Presidential Ballot |
| ||1st ||2nd ||3rd ||4th ||5th ||6th ||7th ||8th ||9th ||10th ||11th ||12th ||13th ||14th ||15th ||16th ||17th ||18th ||19th ||20th ||21st ||22nd ||23rd ||24th |
|---|
| Wilson
|style="background:#82caff"|324 |style="background:#82caff"|339.75 |style="background:#82caff"|345 |style="background:#82caff"|349.5 |style="background:#82caff"|351 |style="background:#82caff"|354 |style="background:#82caff"|352.5 |style="background:#82caff"|351.5 |style="background:#82caff"|352.5 |style="background:#82caff"|350.5 |style="background:#82caff"|354.5 |style="background:#82caff"|354 |style="background:#82caff"|356 |style="background:#82caff"|361 |style="background:#82caff"|362.5 |style="background:#82caff"|362.5 |style="background:#82caff"|362.5 |style="background:#82caff"|361 |style="background:#82caff"|358 |style="background:#82caff"|388.5 |style="background:#82caff"|395.5 |style="background:#82caff"|396.5 |style="background:#82caff"|399 |style="background:#82caff"|402.5 |
| Clark
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|440.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|446.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|441 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|443 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|443 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|445 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|449.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|448.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|452 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|556 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|554 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|547.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|554.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|553 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|552 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|551 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|545 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|535 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|532 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|512 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|508 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|500.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|497.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|496 |
| Harmon
|style="background:#c2dfff"|148 |style="background:#c2dfff"|141 |style="background:#c2dfff"|140.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|136.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|141.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|135 |style="background:#c2dfff"|129.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|130 |style="background:#c2dfff"|127 |31 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
| Underwood
|117.5 |111.25 |114.5 |112 |119.5 |121 |123.5 |123 |122.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|117.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|118.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|123 |style="background:#c2dfff"|115.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|111 |style="background:#c2dfff"|110.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|112.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|112.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|125 |style="background:#c2dfff"|130 |style="background:#c2dfff"|121.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|118.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|115 |style="background:#c2dfff"|114.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|115.5 |
| Foss
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |2 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |2 |5 |43 |45 |43 |
| T. Marshall
|31 |31 |31 |31 |31 |31 |31 |31 |31 |31 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |30 |
| Baldwin
|22 |14 |14 |14 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
| W.J. Bryan
|1 |2 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |2 |2 |1 |1 |1 |7 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |
| Kern
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |2 |2 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |2 |2 |2 |4.5 |3.5 |1 |1 |1 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
| James
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |3 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
| Sulzer
|2 |2 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
| Gaynor
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
| Lewis
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
| Blank
|2 ||0.5 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |2.5 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |3.5 |3.5 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
!(25–46) ! style="text-align:center" colspan="23" |Presidential Ballot |
| ||25th || 26th || 27th || 28th || 29th || 30th || 31st || 32nd || 33rd || 34th || 35th || 36th || 37th || 38th || 39th || 40th || 41st || 42nd || 43rd || 44th || 45th || 46th || Unanimous |
|---|
| Wilson
|style="background:#82caff"|405 |style="background:#82caff"|407.5 |style="background:#82caff"|406.5 |style="background:#82caff"|437.5 |style="background:#82caff"|436 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|460 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|475.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|477.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|477.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|479.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|494.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|496.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|496.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|498.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|501.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|501.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|499.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|494 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|602 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|629 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|633 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|990 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|1,088 |
| Clark
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|469 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|463.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|469 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|468.5 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|468.5 |style="background:#82caff"|455 |style="background:#82caff"|446.5 |style="background:#82caff"|446.5 |style="background:#82caff"|447.5 |style="background:#82caff"|447.5 |style="background:#82caff"|433.5 |style="background:#82caff"|434.5 |style="background:#82caff"|432.5 |style="background:#82caff"|425 |style="background:#82caff"|422 |style="background:#82caff"|423 |style="background:#82caff"|424 |style="background:#82caff"|430 |style="background:#82caff"|329 |style="background:#82caff"|306 |style="background:#82caff"|306 |style="background:#82caff"|84 || |
| Harmon
|29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |19 |17 |14 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |29 |28 |27 |27 |28 |27 |25 |style="background:#c2dfff"|12 || |
| Underwood
|style="background:#c2dfff"|108 |style="background:#c2dfff"|112.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|112 |style="background:#c2dfff"|112.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|112 |style="background:#c2dfff"|121.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|116.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|119.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|103.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|101.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|101.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|98.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|100.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|106 |style="background:#c2dfff"|106 |style="background:#c2dfff"|106 |style="background:#c2dfff"|106 |style="background:#c2dfff"|104 |style="background:#c2dfff"|98.5 |style="background:#c2dfff"|99 |style="background:#c2dfff"|97 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| Foss
|43 |43 |38 |38 |38 |30 |30 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |28 |27 |27 |27 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| T. Marshall
|30 |30 |30 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| Baldwin
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| W.J. Bryan
|1 |1 |1 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 ||0.5 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| Kern
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |4 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| James
||3 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| Sulzer
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| Gaynor
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| Lewis
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 || |
| Blank
|style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |1.5 |2.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 ||0.5 |1.5 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 |2 || |
==Vice presidential candidates==
Image:Thomas Riley Marshall headshot.jpg|Governor Thomas R. Marshall of Indiana
Image:George E Chamberlain 2.jpg|Senator George E. Chamberlain of Oregon
Image:Elmore W. Hurst LC-DIG-ggbain-12725.jpg|Former State Representative Elmore W. Hurst of Illinois
===Withdrew During Balloting===
Image:JohnBurke1908.png|Governor John Burke of North Dakota
Image:James H. Preston.jpg|Mayor James H. Preston of Maryland
===Declined===
Image:ChampClark.png|Speaker of the House Champ Clark of Missouri
Image:Martin Wade.jpg|Former Representative Martin J. Wade of Iowa
Image:William Jennings Bryan, 1860-1925.jpg|Former Representative William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska
Clark and Bryan were both proposed as vice presidential nominees, but both declined, with Clark preferring to remain as Speaker and Bryan fearful of overshadowing Wilson.{{cite news|title=Woodrow Wilson is Nominated for President; Gov. Marshall of Indiana for Vice President|url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/120703convention-dem-ra.html|access-date=October 8, 2015|work=New York Times|date=July 3, 1912}} Bryan instead proposed Oregon Senator George E. Chamberlain and North Dakota Governor John Burke, the latter of whom became the main progressive candidate. Governor Thomas R. Marshall of Indiana, who had swung his state's delegate votes to Wilson in later ballots, became the major candidate of conservatives. After the second ballot, Representative William Hughes, a leading campaign manager of Wilson's, successfully proposed making the nomination of Marshall unanimous. Wilson and Marshall went on to win the 1912 presidential election against a split Republican Party.
File:Thomas Marshall delivers speech in Indianapolis (cropped1).jpg speaks to a crowd at a notification ceremony in Indianapolis after receiving news of his nomination]]
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | Vice Presidential Balloting |
| Candidate||1st||2nd||Unanimous |
|---|
| Marshall
|style="background:#5cb3ff"|389 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|644.50 |style="background:#5cb3ff"|1,088 |
| Burke
|style="background:#82caff"|304.67 |style="background:#82caff"|386.33 | |
| Chamberlain
|style="background:#c2dfff"|157 |style="background:#c2dfff"|12.50 | |
| Hurst
|78 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 | |
| Preston
|58 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 | |
| Wade
|26 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 | |
| McCombs
|18 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 | |
| Osborne
|8 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 | |
| Sulzer
|3 |style="background:#d3d3d3"|0 | |
| Not Voting
|46.33 |44.67 | |
| Not Represented
|6 |6 |6 |
Vice Presidential Balloting / 7th Day of Convention (July 2, 1912)
File:1912DemocraticVicePresidentialNomination1stBallot.png|1st Vice Presidential Ballot
File:1912DemocraticVicePresidentialNomination2ndBallot.png|2nd Vice Presidential Ballot
Black delegate
John D. Harkless, commonly known as J. D. Harkless, was the first African American delegate to a Democratic National Convention.{{Cite book |last=Luke |first=Bob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wdnKDwAAQBAJ&dq=J+D+Harkless&pg=PA94 |title=Bromo-Seltzer King: The Opulent Life of Captain Isaac "Ike" Emerson, 1859-1931 |date=January 17, 2020 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9781476636870 |via=Google Books}}{{Cite news |last=Gauer |first=Neil A. |date=1982-06-27 |title=Ah, what a grand do was the 1912 convention |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-ah-what-a-grand-do-wa/137239250/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |work=The Baltimore Sun |pages=110 |via=Newspapers.com}} He was from Denver and an alternate delegate to the Democratic Party National Convention of 1912 in Baltimore, Maryland, that advanced Woodrow Wilson, then governor of New Jersey, to be the party's nominee.{{Cite news |date=1912-07-25 |title=Negro Alternate Never Returned From Baltimore |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-fort-collins-express-and-the-fort-co/137238997/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |work=The Fort Collins Express and The Fort Collins Review |pages=2}}{{Cite news |date=July 4, 1912 |title=Colored Alternate Delegate |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-new-york-age-colored-alternate-deleg/172507914/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |work=The New York Age |pages=8}} He was vice president of the National Negro Educational Congress.{{Cite news |date=1910-12-10 |title=National Negro Education Congress |pages=9 |work=Franklin's Paper the Statesman |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/franklins-paper-the-statesman-national/137241140/ |access-date=2023-12-22}} J. Milton Waldron and Harkless wrote The Political Situation in a Nut-shell; Some Un-colored Truths for Colored Voters published in 1912. It was anti-Republican.https://books.google.com/books?id=rTK1N6owT1YC&pg=PA489&dq="The+Political+Situation+in+a+Nut-shell";+Some+Un-colored+Truths+for+Colored+Voters+%C2%A0Waldron+and+Harkless+1912&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx7db4nK2NAxV3STABHYOkEYsQ6AF6BAgJEAM
Female delegate
Anna Pitzer was the only female delegate and also represented Colorado. She was the sister-in-law of Champ Clark, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives who was a candidate for the nomination.{{cite web |year=1912 |title=United States Congressional Serial Set, Issue 6178 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xtdGAQAAIAAJ&dq=anna+pitzer+colorado&pg=PA19 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}}
References in popular culture
The primary battles leading up to the 1912 Democratic Convention are a pivotal event in Taylor Caldwell's 1972 novel Captains and the Kings. In the novel, the fictional Irish-Catholic Rory Daniel Armagh, a U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, emerges as the front-runner for the 1912 Democratic presidential nomination after beating Woodrow Wilson in multiple primaries. (Unlike in real life, Champ Clark is not a factor in the novel.) Armagh is assassinated as part of a conspiracy of international power brokers before the convention.
Scenes of the convention are depicted in the 1944 biographical film Wilson.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Works cited
- {{cite book|last1=Black |first1=Earl |author-link1=Earl Black (political scientist) |last2=Black |first2=Merle |author-link2=Merle Black |title=The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1992 |url=https://archive.org/details/vitalsouthhowpre0000blac |isbn=0674941306}}
=Bibliography=
{{refbegin}}
- Official report of the proceedings of the Democratic national convention, held in Baltimore, Maryland, June 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and July 1 and 2, 1912
- William Jennings Bryan, Virgil V. McNitt. A Tale of Two Conventions. Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1912.
{{refend}}
External links
- [http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29590 Democratic Party Platform of 1912] at The American Presidency Project
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{{succession box|title=Democratic National Conventions|before=1908
Denver, Colorado|after=1916
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{{United States presidential election, 1912}}
{{Democratic National Convention}}
{{Woodrow Wilson}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:1912 United States presidential election
Category:Political conventions in Baltimore
Category:Maryland Democratic Party
Category:Political events in Maryland
Category:Democratic National Conventions
Category:June 1912 in the United States
Category:July 1912 in the United States