1913 Chorley by-election
{{Short description|UK parliamentary by-election}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
The 1913 Chorley by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 19 February 1913.{{cite book |last=Craig |first=F.W.S. |date=1987 |title=Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987 |location=Chichester |publisher=Parliamentary Research Services |page=108}} It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. Although it was a safe Unionist seat which was held, the reduction in the Unionist majority was notable.
Vacancy
The Conservative MP since 1895 was Lord Balcarres. Upon the death of his father on 31 January 1913, he inherited the title of the Earl of Crawford and a seat in the House of Lords. This meant that he had to resign his seat in the House of Commons.
Electoral history
The Conservative candidate had won every election here since the seat was created in 1885. Balcarres's victory margin at the last election was comfortable.
{{Election box begin | title=General election December 1910: ChorleyBritish parliamentary election results 1885-1918, Craig, F.W.S. (1974)
Electorate 14,347}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =David Lindsay
|votes =7,423
|percentage =60.3
|change =+2.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Peter Todd Jackson
|votes = 4,887
|percentage =39.7
|change =-2.0
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =2,536
|percentage =20.6
|change =+4.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 23,310
|percentage = 85.8
|change = -6.6
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =+2.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
Candidates
- On 8 February the Unionists adopted 63-year-old Sir Henry Hibbert to defend the seat. He was standing for parliament for the first time. He was Chairman of Lancashire County Council and had been Mayor of Chorley from 1889 to 1891 and had been made a Freeman of the Borough of Chorley.‘HIBBERT, Sir Henry Flemming’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2007; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U197846, accessed 7 March 2014]
- On 8 February the Liberal Party again adopted John Peter Todd Jackson, who had contested the seat at the last General Election. He was a 45-year-old Chorley man, who was a local Justice of the Peace and cotton manufacturer.http://‘JACKSON{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Sir John Peter Todd’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2007; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2012; online edn, Oct 2012 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U227329, accessed 7 March 2014]
- The Labour party decided not to field a candidate.
Campaign
Nomination closed on 14 February confirming a two-way contest.
The Unionist candidate Sir Henry Hibbert was a leading proponent of full Tariff Reform who had done much to define the policy in the 1880s. However, the Unionist national leadership had decided by 1913 to shelve the policy with respect to food duties. This placed Hibbert in conflict with his own party leadership as he continued to argue his position during the campaign."The Contest At Chorley." Times [London, England] 15 Feb. 1913: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.
There was a large number of Roman Catholics among the electorate, thought to number up to 4,000. However, not many were Irish, so may not have been so automatically disposed to support for the Liberals Third Irish Home Rule Bill currently being passed by the House of Commons. The Unionists attempted to retain their support through their defence of the denominational schools system. The Liberals were considering introducing an education bill to enable the establishment of non-denominational schools."The Issues At Chorley." Times [London, England] 17 Feb. 1913: 8. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.
About 2,300 trade union members were among the electorate. There was not a strong tradition of trade union support for the Liberals in this part of Lancashire. Liberal MP Clement Edwards a barrister with a history of working for the trade union movement, was leading a Liberal campaign to win over Lancashire trade unionism. He worked with a local trade union defence committee to get posters displayed that criticised the Unionist Party opposition to the Trade Unions (No.2) Bill."The Issues At Chorley." Times [London, England] 17 Feb. 1913: 8. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.
On 17 February in a message to the Unionist candidate, party leader Bonar Law said he would be "greatly disappointed if you do not retain it (the seat) by a majority as large as was given at the last election to Lord Balcarres.""The Chorley Election." Times [London, England] 18 Feb. 1913: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.
Result
On polling day at the close of poll Unionist headquarters were "confidently expecting that Sir Henry Hibbert's majority will exceed 2,000"."Polling At Chorley." Times [London, England] 20 Feb. 1913: 8. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.
Unsurprisingly, the Unionists held the seat. However, their majority fell by 5.6% to 1,967 as a result of a swing to the Liberals;
{{Election box begin | title=1913 Chorley by-electionBritish parliamentary election results 1885-1918, Craig, F.W.S. (1974)
Electorate 15,135}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate =Henry Hibbert
|votes =7,573
|percentage =57.5
|change =-2.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Peter Todd Jackson
|votes = 5,606
|percentage =42.5
|change =+2.8
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =1,967
|percentage =15.0
|change =-5.6
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =13,179
|percentage =87.1
|change =+1.3
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing =-2.8
}}
{{Election box end}}
The Liberal candidate John Jackson stated that he was content to have disappointed Bonar Law and to have reduced a Unionist majority in a by-election for the time since the general election."Chorley Election Result." Times [London, England] 21 Feb. 1913: 8. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.
Aftermath
A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. Due to the outbreak of war, the election did not take place until 1918. The Liberal party did not field a candidate and Jackson did not stand for parliament again. Hibbert retired from parliament and his successor held the seat.
{{Election box begin | title=General election 14 December 1918: ChorleyBritish parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Craig, F.W.S.
Electorate 35,370}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate =*Douglas Hacking
|votes =13,059
|percentage =67.7
|change =+10.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate =Elijah Sandham
|votes =6,222
|percentage =32.3
|change = New
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =6,837
|percentage =35.4
|change =+20.4
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =19,896
|percentage =54.5
|change =-32.6
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing = N/A
}}
{{Election box end}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{By-elections to the 30th UK Parliament}}
{{Borough of Chorley culture}}
Category:1913 elections in the United Kingdom
Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Lancashire constituencies