1927 Tour de France
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox cycling race report
| name = 1927 Tour de France
| image = Tour de France 1927.png
| image_caption = Route of the 1927 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Paris
| image_alt =
| image_size = 300px
| date = 19 June – 17 July 1927
| stages = 24
| distance = 5398
| unit = km
| time = 198h 16' 42"
| first = Nicolas Frantz
| first_nat = LUX
| first_color = yellow
| first_team = Alcyon–Dunlop
| second = Maurice De Waele
| second_nat = BEL
| second_team = Labor–Dunlop
| third = Julien Vervaecke
| third_nat = BEL
| third_team = Armor–Dunlop
| previous = 1926
| next = 1928
}}
The 1927 Tour de France was the 21st edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 19 June to 17 July. It consisted of 24 stages over {{convert|5398|km|0|abbr=on}}.
This tour featured the first win by Nicolas Frantz, a cyclist from Luxembourg. Frantz had come in second in the previous tour, and went on to win the tour in 1928 as well. It also showcased the debuts of André Leducq (4th) and Antonin Magne (6th), two French riders who would win the Tour de France in coming years.
Because Tour director Henri Desgrange was dissatisfied with the tactics used in the long flat stages in the previous years, the individual team start format was introduced, similar to the later team time trial. In this concept, used in stages 1 to 9, 14 and 18 to 23, teams left fifteen minutes after each other. The concept did not make the race more interesting, so after the 1929 Tour de France, it was removed again.
Innovations and changes
In 1926 and previous years, in the flat stages without mountains most cyclists finished together, and the winner was determined by a bunch sprint. The Tour organisation did not like this, because they wanted the cyclists to ride individually, and have a more spectacular race. For this reason, most of the flat stages in the 1927 Tour de France were started separately, with 15 minutes in between teams, and the touriste-routiers starting last. The idea was that the stars of the race could not see their rivals, and had no choice but to ride as fast as they could on every stage.{{cite web|url=http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1927.php |title=1927: Alcyon deliver victory |author=Tom James |publisher=VeloArchive |date=15 August 2003 |access-date=24 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423014706/http://veloarchive.com/races/tour/1927.php |archive-date=23 April 2019 |url-status=live }}
In 1926, as an experiment the Tour started outside Paris, in the Alps. In 1927, this decision was reverted, and the Tour started again in Paris.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2006|p=84}} The route of the 1927 Tour de France was similar to other Tours before 1926 that started in Paris, only some stages had been split, making the average stage shorter, from 338 km per stage in 1926 to 221 km per stage in 1927.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2006|p=84}}
Teams
{{main list|List of teams and cyclists in the 1927 Tour de France}}
Race overview
{{main|1927 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 12|1927 Tour de France, Stage 13 to Stage 24}}
File:Julien Vervaecke and Maurice Geldhof.jpg and Maurice Geldhof smoking a cigarette during the race]]
In the first stage, the Alcyon-team suffered twenty punctures. The Dilecta-Wolber team won the first stage, led by Francis Pélissier, who was the first leader of the general classification.
In the sixth stage, Francis Pélissier abandoned sick. His teammate Ferdinand Le Drogo became the new leader.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2006|p=84}} In the seventh stage, Le Drogo was in the yellow jersey in the region where he was born. His supporters cheered for him, and he got excited and sped away from his teammates. That costed him too much energy,{{cite web|url=http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden%5Ctourverhalen%5C1927--Nicolas-Frantz-legt-in-de-cols-de-basis-voor-zijn-Tourzege-509.html|title=1927: Nicolas Frantz legt in de cols de basis voor zijn Tourzege|publisher=Tourdefrance.nl|language=nl|access-date=24 September 2009|date=19 March 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016145235/http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden/tourverhalen/1927--Nicolas-Frantz-legt-in-de-cols-de-basis-voor-zijn-Tourzege-509.html|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all}} and he lost 20 minutes in that stage to the J.B. Louvet team, so the lead was transferred to Hector Martin, from the J.B. Louvet team.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2006|p=84}} In stage 8, the Dilecta team lost more than one hour, and they saw nothing left to win, and abandoned the race. At the end of stage 9, when the first group of team-time-trials stopped, there were only 57 cyclists left in the race,{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2006|p=84}} 35 of which were touriste-routiers, and only 22 had sponsors.
The first mountain stage was stage eleven. In that stage, touriste-routier Michele Gordini escaped secretly from the peloton.{{cite web |url=http://www.nieuwsdossier.nl/dossier/1927-07-17/Nicolas+Frantz+wint+Tour+de+France+1927 |title=Niclos Frantz wint Tour de France 1927 |language=nl |access-date=24 September 2009 |date=21 January 2008 |publisher=Nieuwsdossier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722003622/http://www.nieuwsdossier.nl/dossier/1927-07-17/Nicolas+Frantz+wint+Tour+de+France+1927 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=live }} When the peloton found out he was away, he had already built a 45-minute advantage, and was the virtual leader of the race. Then he suffered from mechanical problems, and was passed before the end of the stage.{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1927/histoire.html|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|access-date=24 September 2009|title=The Tour - Year 1927|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716154722/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1927/histoire.html|archive-date=16 July 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} Frantz won the stage, and took the yellow jersey.
In stages 12 and 13, Frantz finished in the leading group. Stage 14 was run in the team-time-trial format, and did not cause big changes in the general classification. Frantz then won the fifteenth stage and finished second in the sixteenth stage, and increased his lead to more than one hour. In the seventeenth stage, Frantz lost 15 minutes to second-placed Maurice De Waele, but because this was the last mountain stage, he had practically secured the victory.
The rest of the stages did not cause big changes in the general classification. The only exception was the 23rd stage, where De Waele lost more than half an hour, but his margin to the third-placed rider was large enough.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2006|p=84}}
Results
In stages 1 to 9 and 18 to 23, the cyclists started in teams, each 15 minutes apart; the touriste-routiers started last. The cyclist who reached the finish fastest was the winner of the stage. In stages 10 to 17, all cyclists started together.
The time that each cyclist required to finish the stage was recorded. For the general classification, these times were added up; the cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.
=Stage winners=
| class="wikitable"
|+ Stage characteristics and winners{{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1927.php |publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme |title=21ème Tour de France 1927 |language=fr |access-date=24 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709115405/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1927.php |archive-date=9 July 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=25}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1927 |title=Tour de France GC top ten |author=Arian Zwegers |publisher=CVCC |access-date=24 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822204018/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html |archive-date=22 August 2010 |url-status=live }}{{cite web|title=The history of the Tour de France – Year 1927 – The stage winners|url=http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1927/vainqueurs.html|work=Tour de France|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402234225/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1927/vainqueurs.html|url-status=dead}} |
| scope="col" | Stage
! scope="col" | Date ! scope="col" | Course ! scope="col" | Distance ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Type{{efn|There was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages. The flat stages, 1 to 9, 14 and 18 to 23, indicated by the clock icon, were run as team time trials. The other stages, indicated by the other icons, were run individually, and the mountain icon indicates that the stage included one or more mountains.}} ! scope="col" | Winner ! scope="col" | Race leader |
|---|
| scope="row" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 19 June|| Paris to Dieppe || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|180|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Francis Pélissier|FRA}}|| {{flagathlete|Francis Pélissier|FRA}} |
| scope="row" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" |20 June|| Dieppe to Le Havre || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|103|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Maurice Dewaele|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Francis Pélissier|FRA}} |
| scope="row" | 3
| style="text-align:center;" |21 June|| Le Havre to Caen || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|225|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Hector Martin|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Francis Pélissier|FRA}} |
| scope="row" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" |22 June|| Caen to Cherbourg-en-Cotentin || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Camille van de Casteele|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Francis Pélissier|FRA}} |
| scope="row" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" |23 June|| Cherbourg to Dinan || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|199|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Ferdinand Le Drogo|FRA}}|| {{flagathlete|Francis Pélissier|FRA}} |
| scope="row" | 6
| style="text-align:center;" |24 June|| Dinan to Brest || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|206|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|André Leducq|FRA}}|| {{flagathlete|Ferdinand Le Drogo|FRA}} |
| scope="row" | 7
| style="text-align:center;" |25 June|| Brest to Vannes || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|207|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Gustaaf van Slembrouck|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Hector Martin|BEL}} |
| scope="row" | 8
| style="text-align:center;" |26 June|| Vannes to Les Sables d'Olonne || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|204|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Raymond Decorte|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Hector Martin|BEL}} |
| scope="row" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" |27 June|| Les Sables d'Olonne to Bordeaux || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|285|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Adelin Benoit|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Hector Martin|BEL}} |
| scope="row" | 10
| style="text-align:center;" |28 June|| Bordeaux to Bayonne || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|189|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{flagathlete|Pé Verhaegen|BEL}} || {{flagathlete|Hector Martin|BEL}} |
| scope="row" | 11
| style="text-align:center;" |30 June|| Bayonne to Luchon || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|326|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 12
| style="text-align:center;" |2 July|| Luchon to Perpignan || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|323|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{flagathlete|Gustaaf van Slembrouck|BEL}} || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 13
| style="text-align:center;" |4 July|| Perpignan to Marseille || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|360|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{flagathlete|Maurice Dewaele|BEL}} || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 14
| style="text-align:center;" |5 July|| Marseille to Toulon || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Antonin Magne|FRA}}|| {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 15
| style="text-align:center;" |6 July|| Toulon to Nice || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|220|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 16
| style="text-align:center;" |8 July|| Nice to Briançon || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|275|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{flagathlete|Julien Vervaecke|BEL}} || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 17
| style="text-align:center;" |9 July|| Briançon to Evian || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|283|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{flagathlete|Pé Verhaegen|BEL}} || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 18
| style="text-align:center;" |11 July|| Evian to Pontarlier || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|213|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Adelin Benoit|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 19
| style="text-align:center;" |12 July|| Pontarlier to Belfort || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|119|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Maurice Geldhof|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 20
| style="text-align:center;" |13 July|| Belfort to Strasbourg || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|145|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Raymond Decorte|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 21
| style="text-align:center;" |14 July|| Strasbourg to Metz || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|165|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}}|| {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 22
| style="text-align:center;" |15 July|| Metz to Charleville || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|159|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|Hector Martin|BEL}}|| {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 23
| style="text-align:center;" |16 July|| Charleville to Dunkerque || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|270|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{flagathlete|André Leducq|FRA}}|| {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" | 24
| style="text-align:center;" |17 July|| Dunkerque to Paris || style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|344|km|mi|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{flagathlete|André Leducq|FRA}} || {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}} |
| scope="row" |
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| Total | colspan="5" style="text-align:center"| {{convert|5398|km|0|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=108}} |
{{Reflist|group="Stages"}}
=General classification=
| class="wikitable" style="width:38em;margin-bottom:0;"
|+ Final general classification (1–10){{cite web|title=The history of the Tour de France – Year 1927 – Stage 24 Dunkerque > Paris|url=http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1927/2400/etape.html|work=Tour de France|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402220047/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1927/2400/etape.html|url-status=dead}} | |||
| scope="col" | Rank | scope="col" | Rider | scope="col" | Sponsor | scope="col" | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| scope="row" |1
| {{flagathlete|Nicolas Frantz|LUX}}|| Alcyon–Dunlop|| style="text-align:right;" | 198h 16' 42" | |||
| scope="row" |2
| {{flagathlete|Maurice De Waele|BEL}} ||Labor–Dunlop|| style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 48' 21" | |||
| scope="row" |3
| {{flagathlete|Julien Vervaecke|BEL}} ||Armor–Dunlop|| style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 25' 06" | |||
| scope="row" |4
| {{flagathlete|André Leducq|FRA}} ||Thomann–Dunlop|| style="text-align:right;" | + 3h 02' 05" | |||
| scope="row" |5{{efn|On 20 July 1927 the judges published a correction in general classification.}}{{cite news|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k46321357/f3.item.r=errare.zoom|page=3|title=Errare humanum est|language=fr|date=20 July 1927|publisher=L'Auto No 9713}}
| {{flagathlete|Antonin Magne|FRA}} ||Alleluia–Wolber|| style="text-align:right;" | + 4h 38' 23" | |||
| scope="row" |6
| {{flagathlete|Adelin Benoit|BEL}} ||Alcyon–Dunlop|| style="text-align:right;" | + 4h 45' 01" | |||
| scope="row" |7
| {{flagathlete|Pé Verhaegen|BEL}} ||J.B. Louvet|| style="text-align:right;" | + 6h 18' 36" | |||
| scope="row" |8
| {{flagathlete|Julien Moineau|FRA}} ||Alleluia–Wolber|| style="text-align:right;" | + 6h 36' 17" | |||
| scope="row" |9
| {{flagathlete|Hector Martin|BEL}} ||J.B. Louvet|| style="text-align:right;" | + 7h 07' 34" | |||
| scope="row" |10
| {{flagathlete|Maurice Geldhof|BEL}} ||J.B. Louvet|| style="text-align:right;" | + 7h 16' 02" |
| class="collapsible collapsed wikitable" style="width:38em;margin-top:-1px;" | |||
| scope="col" colspan="4" | Final general classification (11–39) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| scope="col" | Rank | scope="col" | Rider | scope="col" | Sponsor | scope="col" | Time |
| scope="row" | 11
| {{flagathlete|Raymond Decorte|BEL}}||J.B. Louvet || style="text-align:right;" | + 8h 17' 12" | |||
| scope="row" | 12
| {{flagathlete|Louis Muller|BEL}}||Armor–Dunlop || style="text-align:right;" | + 8h 27' 49" | |||
| scope="row" | 13
| {{flagathlete|Jan Debusschere|BEL}}||Alcyon–Dunlop || style="text-align:right;" | + 10h 51' 56" | |||
| scope="row" | 14
| {{flagathlete|Gustaaf Van Slembrouck|BEL}}||J.B. Louvet || style="text-align:right;" | + 11h 01' 54" | |||
| scope="row" | 15
| {{flagathlete|Pierre Magne|FRA}}||Alleluia–Wolber || style="text-align:right;" | + 12h 12' 37" | |||
| scope="row" | 16
| {{flagathlete|Louis Delannoy|BEL}}||Labor–Dunlop || style="text-align:right;" | + 13h 28' 02" | |||
| scope="row" | 17
| {{flagathlete|Jos Hemelsoet|BEL}}||J.B. Louvet || style="text-align:right;" | + 14h 08' 18" | |||
| scope="row" | 18
| {{flagathlete|Secondo Martinetto|ITA|1861}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 14h 37' 12" | |||
| scope="row" | 19
| {{flagathlete|Henri Touzard|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 15h 08' 03" | |||
| scope="row" | 20
| {{flagathlete|José Pelletier|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 15h 52' 28" | |||
| scope="row" | 21
| {{flagathlete|Maurice Arnoult|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 16h 05' 01" | |||
| scope="row" | 22
| {{flagathlete|Charles Martinet|SUI}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 16h 53' 36" | |||
| scope="row" | 23
| {{flagathlete|Albert Jordens|BEL}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 17h 18' 48" | |||
| scope="row" | 24
| {{flagathlete|Michele Gordini|ITA|1861}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 17h 21' 11" | |||
| scope="row" | 25
| {{flagathlete|Giovanni Canova|ITA|1861}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 17h 52' 52" | |||
| scope="row" | 26
| {{flagathlete|André Devauchelle|FRA}}||Alleluia–Wolber || style="text-align:right;" | + 18h 02' 10" | |||
| scope="row" | 27
| {{flagathlete|Charles Krier|LUX}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 20h 42' 32" | |||
| scope="row" | 28
| {{flagathlete|Léon Despontin|BEL}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 21h 15' 02" | |||
| scope="row" | 29
| {{flagathlete|Giuseppe Rivella|ITA|1861}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 22h 14' 26" | |||
| scope="row" | 30
| {{flagathlete|Marcel Gendrin|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 22h 20' 35" | |||
| scope="row" | 31
| {{flagathlete|Omer Mahy|BEL}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 22h 27' 49" | |||
| scope="row" | 32
| {{flagathlete|Giovanni Rossignoli|ITA|1861}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 22h 31' 18" | |||
| scope="row" | 33
| {{flagathlete|Camille Segers|BEL}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 22h 52' 35" | |||
| scope="row" | 34
| {{flagathlete|Edoaurd Teisseire|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 23h 59' 59" | |||
| scope="row" | 35
| {{flagathlete|Jules Nempon|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 25h 39' 05" | |||
| scope="row" | 36
| {{flagathlete|Amand Goubert|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 27h 04' 27" | |||
| scope="row" | 37
| {{flagathlete|André Drobecq|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 27h 10' 20" | |||
| scope="row" | 38
| {{flagathlete|Pierre Claes|BEL}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 29h 12' 19" | |||
| scope="row" | 39
| {{flagathlete|Jacques Pfister|FRA}}||Touriste-Routier || style="text-align:right;" | + 30h 03' 51" |
Notes
{{Notelist}}
=Other classifications=
The organing newspaper, l'Auto named a meilleur grimpeur (best climber), an unofficial precursor to the modern King of the Mountains competition. This award was won by Michele Gordini.{{cite web|url=http://www.tour-giro-vuelta.net|title=Tour-giro-vuelta|access-date=24 September 2009}}
Aftermath
The experiment with the team-time-trial-like stages was not considered successful; the change did not have the effect that cyclists were riding more individually, but the stronger teams became even stronger. For the 1928 Tour de France, the system was used again, but in 1929 it was reduced to a few stages, and it disappeared completely in the 1930 Tour de France.
The French cyclists had not been successful in the last Tours de France; they had their last overall victory in 1923, and 1926 did not even see a French stage victory. In 1927, the French cyclists had 5 stage victories, and two cyclists in the top ten: André Leducq and Antonin Magne. Leducq would later win the Tour de France in 1930 and 1932, while Magne would win the Tour de France in 1931 and 1934.
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Augendre|author-link=Jacques Augendre|url=http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|title=Guide historique|trans-title=Historical guide|year=2016|language=fr|access-date=27 October 2016|work=Tour de France|location=Paris|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=live}}
- {{cite book|last1=McGann|first1=Bill|last2=McGann|first2=Carol|title=The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964|volume=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|location=Indianapolis, IN|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59858-180-5}}
Further reading
- {{cite book|title=Mapping Le Tour|first=Ellis|last=Bacon|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|location=Glasgow|year=2014|pages=64–65|isbn=9780007543991|oclc=872700415}}
External links
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Tour de France}}
{{Cycling stage recaps|1927 Tour de France|1|12|13|24}}
{{Tour de France general classification winners}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tour De France}}